Precipitation Behaviors of M23C6 Carbides and γʹ Phase in Cast IN617B Alloy During Long-Term Aging

2018 ◽  
pp. 685-692
Author(s):  
Shuang Gao ◽  
Jieshan Hou ◽  
Fei Yang ◽  
Changshuai Wang ◽  
Lanzhang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
M23c6 Carbides

Study on the nucleation and growth of M23C6 carbides in a 10% Cr martensite ferritic steel after long-term aging

2016 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuantao Xu ◽  
Xiying Zhang ◽  
Yubo Tian ◽  
Chu Chen ◽  
Yujing Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferritic Steel ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
M23c6 Carbides

scholarly journals Effect of the Thermo-Mechanical Processing on the Impact Toughness of a 12% Cr Martensitic Steel with Co, Cu, W, Mo and Ta Doping

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Alexandra Fedoseeva ◽  
Ivan Nikitin ◽  
Nadezhda Dudova ◽  
John Hald ◽  
Rustam Kaibyshev
Keyword(s):  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Prior Austenite ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Δ Ferrite ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Austenite Grains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
M23c6 Carbides

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of a 12% Cr steel where a significant increase in Charpy impact toughness and a slight decrease in ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) from 70 °C to 65 °C were obtained through thermo-mechanical processing, including interim hot forging at 1050 °C with long-term annealing at 1000 °C, as compared with conventional heat treatment. At lower temperatures ranging from −20 °C to 25 °C, the value of impact toughness comprised ~40 J cm−2 in the present 12% Cr steel subjected to thermo-mechanical processing. The amount of δ-ferrite decreased to 3.8%, whereas the size of prior austenite grains did not change and comprised about 40–50 μm. The boundaries between δ-ferrite and martensitic laths were decorated by continuous chains of Cr- and W-rich carbides. M23C6 carbides also precipitated along the boundaries of prior austenite grains, packets, blocks and martensitic laths. Thermo-mechanical processing increased the mean size of M23C6 carbides and decreased their number particle densities along the lath boundaries. Moreover, the precipitation of a high number of non-equilibrium V-rich MX particles was induced by hot forging and long-term normalizing at 1000 °C for 24 h.

Alloy Design of Creep- and Oxidation-Resistant 9Cr-Boron Steel Beyond Grades 91, 92 and 122

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fujio Abe ◽  
Masaaki Tabuchi ◽  
Susumu Tsukamoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Kutsumi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Creep Strength ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Rupture Ductility ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Term Creep ◽  
M23c6 Carbides

The addition of boron and nitrogen without the formation of any boron nitrides during normalizing heat treatment at high temperature improves long-term creep strength and rupture ductility of base metal and suppresses Type IV fracture in welded joints of 9Cr ferritic power plant steel at 650°C. The enrichment of soluble boron near prior austenite grain boundaries (PAGBs) by the segregation is essential for the stabilization of fine distribution of M23C6 carbides along boundaries in the vicinity of PAGBs, enhancing the boundary and subboundary hardening. 9Cr-3W-3Co-VNb steel (MARBN) with 120–150 ppm boron and 60–90 ppm nitrogen, in which no boron nitride formed during normalizing, exhibits not only much higher creep strength and rupture ductility of base metal than Gr.92 but also substantially no degradation in creep strength due to Type IV fracture in welded joints at 650°C. The formation of protective Cr2O3-rich oxide scale is achieved on the surface of MARBN by pre-oxidation treatment in argon gas, which significantly improves the oxidation resistance in steam. The present results suggest that MARBN is superior to Gr.91, Gr.92, and Gr.122 in terms of creep strength of base metal and welded joints and can be applied to boiler components in next-generation USC power plant. Paper published with permission.

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Brief summary of Kleť photographic search programme for minor planets

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
J. Tichá ◽  
M. Tichý ◽  
Z. Moravec
Keyword(s):  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Minor Planet ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
Main Belt

AbstractA long-term photographic search programme for minor planets was begun at the Kleť Observatory at the end of seventies using a 0.63-m Maksutov telescope, but with insufficient respect for long-arc follow-up astrometry. More than two thousand provisional designations were given to new Kleť discoveries. Since 1993 targeted follow-up astrometry of Kleť candidates has been performed with a 0.57-m reflector equipped with a CCD camera, and reliable orbits for many previous Kleť discoveries have been determined. The photographic programme results in more than 350 numbered minor planets credited to Kleť, one of the world's most prolific discovery sites. Nearly 50 per cent of them were numbered as a consequence of CCD follow-up observations since 1994.This brief summary describes the results of this Kleť photographic minor planet survey between 1977 and 1996. The majority of the Kleť photographic discoveries are main belt asteroids, but two Amor type asteroids and one Trojan have been found.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

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