Vein rock quartz from the Krylatovsk deposits as a raw material in glass production

The work considers mathematical models describing thermal processes in the framework of thermal processing of raw material mixture for cellular glass sponging. It is shown that the existing models do not completely reflect the physical processes occurring in the technology of cellular glass production. It is noted that kinetics of cell formation in cellular glass is a promising trend for improving the cellular glass technology.

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The Use of Tailings to Make Glass as an Alternative for Sustainable Environmental Remediation: The Case of Osor, Catalonia, Spain

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10090819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 819

Author(s):

Pura Alfonso ◽

Oriol Tomasa ◽

Luis Miguel Domenech ◽

Maite Garcia-Valles ◽

Salvador Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Remediation ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Glass Structure ◽

Glass Production ◽

Potentially Toxic Elements ◽

Raw Material ◽

Waste Materials ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Melting Temperatures

Tailings from the Osor fluorite mines release large amounts of potentially toxic elements into the environment. This work is a proposal to remove these waste materials and use them as a raw material in the manufacture of glass. The chemical composition of the tailings was determined by X-ray fluorescence and the mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. Waste materials have SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO contents suitable for a glass production, but Na as NaCO3 has to be added. Two glass formulations, with 80–90% of the residue and 10–20% Na2CO3, have been produced. The crystallization temperatures, obtained by differential thermal analysis, were 875 and 901 °C, and the melting temperatures were 1220 and 1215 °C for the G80-20 and G90-10 glasses, respectively. The transition temperatures of glass were 637 and 628 °C. The crystalline phases formed in the thermal treatment to produce devitrification were nepheline, plagioclase and diopside in the G80-20 glass, and plagioclase and akermanite-gehlenite in the G90-10 glass. The temperatures for the fixed viscosity points, the working temperatures and the coefficient of expansion were obtained. The chemical stability of the glass was tested and results indicate that the potentially toxic elements of the tailings were incorporated into the glass structure.

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Water Footprint Evaluation of the Production of Float Flat Glass

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1035.1102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1035 ◽

pp. 1102-1108

Author(s):

Yi Ling Wu ◽

Xian Zheng Gong ◽

Yu Liu ◽

Xiao Qing Li ◽

Xiao Fei Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Consumption ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Water Footprint ◽

Flat Glass ◽

Glass Production ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Raw Material ◽

Plate Glass ◽

Water Degradation ◽

Production Stage

The ISO14046 water footprint evaluation method was used in this study to calculate the water shortage footprint and water degradation footprint in plate glass production, in order to improve the water efficiency and management level in the production process of plate glass in China. A certain enterprise in Hebei province was selected for investigation in 2018. The results show that the water shortage footprint generated by the production of flat glass was 0.435 m3H2Oeq/weight box. The proportion at raw material production stage was the largest, being 86%, so the water consumption control in raw material mining and the circulating water system should be strengthened and improved to reduce the fresh water consumption. Water degradation footprint in flat glass industry mainly consisted of eutrophication and acidification footprints. The eutrophication footprint was calculated as 0.027 kgNO3-eq/weight box, and water acidification footprint was 0.271 kgSO2eq/weight box. The largest proportion occurred at flat glass production stage. It should be paid attention at this stage, to update the relatively clean production equipments and add the waste gas processing steps to reduce pollution discharge.

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Glass Waste3: A Preliminary Study for a New Industrial Recovery Processing

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12051997 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1997

Author(s):

Rossana Bellopede ◽

Lorena Zichella ◽

Paola Marini

Keyword(s):

Pilot Plant ◽

Separation Efficiency ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Glass Production ◽

Raw Material ◽

Research Centre ◽

Flow Sheet ◽

The European Union ◽

Joint Research ◽

Glass Waste

In recent times, the selection and treatment of glass waste are implemented in processing plants where a secondary raw material (SRM) named glass cullet, which is suitable for glass production, and a waste containing a high percentage of glass (glass waste2) is obtained. In the literature, there are many studies conducted on the recovery of the cullet, while few are the studies on the recovery of the waste that is produced by cullet processing. According to the 2013 Joint Research Centre (JRC) Reference report, the cullet produces savings in terms of energy and raw materials. However, it has a high current cost and its availability is becoming difficult, therefore its use is not always economically advantageous. The goal and strategy of the European Union is zero waste. For this purpose, further treatment of glass waste has been investigated. Through the industrial treatment of the glass waste2, a glass waste3 constituted again by an SRM made of glass is obtained together with a high quantity of presumed SRM (e.g., heavy plastic, corks, iron, non-ferrous metals, etc.). The process treatment separating these SRMs from the glass waste3 is, in this case, a pilot plant that needs to be optimized in order to reach an economic and sustainable industrial process solution. In particular, the materials to be recycled are exploitable product fractions with different particle sizes and physical properties (such as density, shape and resistance). This research is based on data collected from a North Italy process plant and is aimed at solving the issue of waste in this kind of process by implementing a pilot plant already present. Representative samples of feed material (glass waste3) and different products of the pilot plant have been analyzed. Moreover, laboratory tests were executed to improve separation efficiency and to valorize the different product fractions. A flow sheet of a new treatment plant has been developed and an economic evaluation has been made. The materials that will be separated in the new plant could be traded as SRM—e.g., plastics, metals, synthetic and cork stoppers—which constitute almost 90% of the total feed of the plant.

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Modeling of Macro-Physical Parameters of Foam Glass under Exposure of Cyclic Thermal Effects

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.464 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 974 ◽

pp. 464-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.V. Fedosov ◽

M.O. Bakanov ◽

S.N. Nikishov

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Foam Glass ◽

Glass Production ◽

Raw Material ◽

Temperature Fields ◽

Material Surface ◽

Heating Process ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Entire Volume

The process of the raw materials mixture heat treatment in the foam glass production is of great importance in the formation of the finished product thermal characteristics. Selection of optimal temperature regimes at the stages when the process of glass particles melting is activated and thermal decomposition of the gasifier occurs is of particular importance. Otherwise, a situation when the gasifier has decomposed by mass on the layers close to the material surface at that the reaction has not been initiated at the raw materials mixture center may emerge. The problem can be solved by the uniform heating throughout the raw materials mixture entire volume. The fact that excessive heating can entail additional financial costs for manufacturers’ energy resources and as a result the cost of the material can be increased and affect its competitiveness among thermal insulation materials should be taken into account. A method for calculating temperature fields allowing to simulate the thermophysical heating process in the center of the material under study on the basis of its surface temperature indicators has been presented in the paper. Such an approach may make calculation of the rational time intervals for the raw material mixture heat treatment prior to the foaming stages and partially optimization of the production process possible.

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GLASS IN LATE ANTIQUITY: THE CONTINUITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND SOURCES OF SUPPLY

Late Antique Archaeology ◽

10.1163/22134522-90000089 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 211-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucia Saguí

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Late Antiquity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Glass Production ◽

Raw Material ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Hierarchical Basis ◽

Ancient Glass ◽

The Middle Ages

Scientific research and a series of important archaeological discoveries in recent years have opened up new perspectives on the study of ancient glass. Glass production seems to have been organised on a hierarchical basis. The primary workshops, mainly concentrated on the Syro-Palestinian coast, prepared the raw material by fusing sand from the river Belus with natron from Egypt. The product was then sent in blocks to all secondary workshops, the organisation of which was less elaborate. Here work was limited to re-fusing material that had already been worked. The widespread commercial movement of raw glass from East to West seems to have only come to a halt in the 9th c., when the export of natron from Egypt stopped. Consequently, a different flux was used, which was incompatible with the oriental sand. The adoption of local raw materials in the place of natron meant that the management of the entire production cycle became gradually autonomous, at different speeds and in different ways, during the course of the Middle Ages.

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Analysis of the Environmental Impact of Foam Glass

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.847.315 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 847 ◽

pp. 315-320

Author(s):

Li Juan Zhang ◽

Xian Zheng Gong ◽

Ying Liang Tian ◽

Zhi Hong Wang ◽

Feng Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Foam Glass ◽

Glass Production ◽

Weight Coefficient ◽

Green Energy ◽

Raw Material ◽

Equal Weight ◽

Environment Impact ◽

Main Contributor ◽

Single Indicator

Foam glass was widely used as a green energy saving material with good performances of light, thermal insulation and sound absorption. Using waste glass as raw material for foam glass production, can not only turn waste into treasure and reduce resource consumption, but also protect the environment. In this article, the foam glass which produced in Jiaxing, China was studied based on the method of life cycle assessment (LCA), and the resources, the energy consumption and the emission of pollutants at the same time were evaluated. The results show that the characterization value of GWP is the largest. The foaming stage is the main contributor which accounts for 79.7%. Similarly, the foaming stage is the major contributor to AP, POCP, EP and HTP .The characterization value of ADP is the smallest. The foaming stage and annealing stage is the main contributor to ADP which account for 43.0%, 49.7% respectively. It has been found that the foaming stage makes the most contribution to the environmental impact. AP, GWP, POCP and EP of the foaming stage are extremely prominent compared to other stages. The authors used the methods of equal weight coefficient and AHP to weight the single indicator. The results show that the environment impact caused by the foaming stage is the largest, then grinding stage and cutting stage follow behind. The environment impact caused by the transportation stage is the smallest.

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The process of obtaining quartz sand size fraction -0.4 + 0.05 mm for use in water glass production

Metallurgical and Materials Engineering ◽

10.30544/406 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 59-68

Author(s):

Slavica R. Mihajlović ◽

Živko T. Sekulić ◽

Marina S. Blagojev ◽

Miroslav R. Ignjatović

Keyword(s):

Quartz Sand ◽

Water Glass ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Size Fraction ◽

Glass Production ◽

Raw Material ◽

Initial Sample ◽

Fe2o3 Content ◽

Glass Size ◽

Quartz Raw Material

The paper presents the process of quartz sand processing from the „Bijela Stijena“-Skočić deposit in the plant „Kesogradnja d.o.o.“ at Kozluk near Zvornik, Republic of Srpska. Bearing in mind the fact that this quartz sand is used for water glass production in the company „Birač“ - Zvornik or „Alumina“ Zvornik, it was necessary to meet the quality requirements prescribed by that industrial production. Thus, the required size was -0.4+0.05 mm and the Fe2O3 content was maximum of 0.04%. Based on the laboratory tests, a technological scheme for the quartz raw material valorization was conceived in the separation of the company „Kesogradnja d.o.o.“. The obtained results showed that quartz sand for water glass size fraction -0.4+0.05 mm could be obtained in the plant. Also, by introducing a magnetic concentration after washing and grading, the Fe2O3 content was reduced from 0.131% as it is in the initial sample to 0.038% which meets the required conditions from the water glass producers.

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Peculiarities of the use of siliceous raw materials of the Russian Far East in the integrated pipeline protection

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201824201016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 242 ◽

pp. 01016 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Elena A. Yatsenko ◽

Boris M. Goltsman ◽

Anna V. Ryabova ◽

Victoria A. Smoliy

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Foam Glass ◽

Russian Far East ◽

Far East ◽

Glass Production ◽

Internal Surface ◽

Raw Material ◽

Glass Enamel ◽

Protection Technology

Modern trends in the development of Russian oil and gas infrastructure are examined. The important role of the Far East in the transportation and export of oil is revealed. The main threats in the operation of pipelines are described. The integrated protection technology of pipeline surfaces is proposed. The structure and properties of local silicate raw material – diatomite – are studied. The technology of obtaining glass enamel coating is designed to protect the internal surface of the pipe. The phase composition, microstructure and properties of the coating are compared with analogues. The technology of foam glass production is designed to protect the external surface of the pipe. The foaming processes are studied; the properties and structure of the material are examined. The optimum ratio of raw materials is revealed. Recommendations on the application of the developed technology for integrated pipeline protection are given.

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Application of Natural Complex Raw Material in Container Glass Production

Glass and Ceramics ◽

10.1007/s10717-014-9640-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 71 (5-6) ◽

pp. 152-156

Author(s):

D. V. Gerber ◽

L. D. Konovalova ◽

N. Yu. Mikhailenko

Keyword(s):

Glass Production ◽

Container Glass ◽

Raw Material ◽

Natural Complex

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