Direction diagram of radiation in the problem of an inflection point of the boundary

Financial development could exert various effects on income distribution of a country. By employing Generalized Method of Moment, this paper aims at examining the impacts of credit market depth, one of most used financial development barometers, on income inequality in Vietnam. The empirical findings show that expanding credit market in the country could lead to higher income inequality. We have not found evidence that supports the hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped relation ever introduced by Greenwood and Jovanovich, although this hypothesis may still hold in a sense that Vietnam has not reached to the inflection point to generate such a curve alike.

Dual Release Model to Evaluate Dissolution Profiles from Swellable Drug Polyelectrolyte Matrices

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201817666200512093115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 511-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alicia Graciela Cid ◽

María Verónica Ramírez-Rigo ◽

María Celeste Palena ◽

Elio Emilio Gonzo ◽

Alvaro Federico Jimenez-Kairuz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Drug Release ◽

Inflection Point ◽

Release Profile ◽

Experimental Point ◽

Extended Model ◽

Release Process ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Dual Release ◽

Release Model

Background: Mathematical modeling in modified drug release is an important tool that allows predicting the release rate of drugs in their surrounding environment and elucidates the transport mechanisms involved in the process. Objective: The aim of this work was to develop a mathematical model that allows evaluating the release profile of drugs from polymeric carriers in which the swelling phenomenon is present. Methods: Swellable matrices based on ionic complexes of alginic acid or carboxymethylcellulose with ciprofloxacin were prepared and the effect of adding the polymer sodium salt on the swelling process and the drug release was evaluated. Experimental data from the ciprofloxacin release profiles were mathematically adjusted, considering the mechanisms involved in each stage of the release process. Results: A proposed model, named “Dual Release” model, was able to properly fit the experimental data of matrices presenting the swelling phenomenon, characterized by an inflection point in their release profile. This entails applying the extended model of Korsmeyer-Peppas to estimate the percentage of drug released from the first experimental point up to the inflection point and then a model called Lumped until the final time, allowing to adequately represent the complete range of the drug release profile. Different parameters of pharmaceutical relevance were calculated using the proposed model to compare the profiles of the studied matrices. Conclusion: The “Dual Release” model proposed in this article can be used to predict the behavior of complex systems in which different mechanisms are involved in the release process.

Specific sagittal alignment patterns are already present in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

European Spine Journal ◽

10.1007/s00586-021-06772-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tom P. C. Schlösser ◽

René M. Castelein ◽

Pierre Grobost ◽

Suken A. Shah ◽

Kariman Abelin-Genevois

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽

Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽

Inflection Point ◽

Thoracic Kyphosis ◽

Sagittal Alignment ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Sagittal Profile ◽

Thoracolumbar Kyphosis ◽

C7 Slope ◽

Sagittal Malalignment

Abstract Purpose The complex three-dimensional spinal deformity in AIS consists of rotated, lordotic apical areas and neutral junctional zones that modify the spine’s sagittal profile. Recently, three specific patterns of thoracic sagittal ‘malalignment’ were described for severe AIS. The aim of this study is to define whether specific patterns of pathological sagittal alignment are already present in mild AIS. Methods Lateral spinal radiographs of 192 mild (10°–20°) and 253 severe (> 45°) AIS patients and 156 controls were derived from an international consortium. Kyphosis characteristics (T4–T12 thoracic kyphosis, T10–L2 angle, C7 slope, location of the apex of kyphosis and of the inflection point) and sagittal curve types according to Abelin-Genevois were systematically compared between the three cohorts. Results Even in mild thoracic AIS, already 49% of the curves presented sagittal malalignment, mostly thoracic hypokyphosis, whereas only 13% of the (thoraco) lumbar curves and 6% of the nonscoliosis adolescents were hypokyphotic. In severe AIS, 63% had a sagittal malalignment. Hypokyphosis + thoracolumbar kyphosis occurred more frequently in high-PI and primary lumbar curves, whereas cervicothoracic kyphosis occurred more in double thoracic curves. Conclusions Pathological sagittal patterns are often already present in curves 10°–20°, whereas those are rare in non-scoliotic adolescents. This suggests that sagittal ‘malalignment’ patterns are an integral part of the early pathogenesis of AIS.

Research on the Economic Development Threshold Effect of the Employment Density of the Shanghai Consumer Goods Industry in the Context of New Manufacturing, Based on the Experience Comparison with International Metropolis

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9090969 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 969

Author(s):

Lei Shen ◽

Xi Zhang ◽

Hongda Liu ◽

Pinbo Yao

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Population Density ◽

Consumer Goods ◽

Inflection Point ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Employment Density ◽

Consumer Goods Industry ◽

The Impact ◽

Development Threshold

With the rise of a new generation of technology and industrial changes, the service-oriented manufacturing industry has become the direction of future development. With the background of new manufacturing, this paper constructs an economic development threshold model of employment density of consumer goods industry based on data from Shanghai and Tokyo from 2007 to 2016, and empirically analyzes the impact of the employment density of the consumer goods industry on urban economic development under different population densities. At the same time, by comparing the experience of Tokyo, the development status and prospects of Shanghai’s consumer goods industry are explored. The study found that the threshold of Tokyo’s consumer goods industry is 0.608. When population density is lower than this threshold, the consumer goods industry continues to promote the economic development of Tokyo; however, when the population density is higher than this threshold, the consumer goods industry begins to inhibit the economic development of Tokyo. The Shanghai consumer goods industry threshold is 0.329. Under the threshold, most of the consumer goods industry contributions to the economy are negative, but above the threshold, they begin to show a positive trend. The inflection point of the effect curve of Tokyo’s consumer goods industry on economic development has appeared, but the inflection point of Shanghai’s consumer goods industry has not yet appeared. Compared with Tokyo, the economic vitality of Shanghai’s consumer goods industry has not yet been fully released. With the continued increase of population density in Shanghai, the growth potential of the consumer goods industry is huge, and it is expected to reshape the flourishing age of Shanghai’s light industry brand.

The Change of Sources of Growth and Sustainable Development in China: Based on the Extended EKC Explanation

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052803 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2803

Author(s):

Huaide Wen ◽

Jun Dai

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Human Capital ◽

Environmental Pollution ◽

Knowledge Economy ◽

Technological Progress ◽

Inflection Point ◽

Physical Capital ◽

Production Factors ◽

Main Production ◽

Traditional Economy

This paper extends the “sources of growth” explanation for the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) proposed by Copeland and Taylor in a concise theoretical framework, that is, when the sources of growth are transformed from physical capital and labor to human capital and knowledge, the environmental pollution could at first rise and then fall with a sustainable growth in per capita income. Using the provincial panel data from 1995 to 2017 in the mainland of China, an empirical analysis is carried out by the System Generalized Method of Moment (sys-GMM). The results show that: first, the EKC hypothesis exists in China. The inflection point for SO2 emissions has been passed in all of the provincial regions, and for CO2 and comprehensive environmental pollution losses have not been passed in some regions, but the inflection point from the national average level in China has been passed; second, the main production factors of the traditional economy, physical capital and labor, are positively correlated with environmental pollution, while human capital and green technological progress, the main production factors of the knowledge economy, are negatively related to environmental pollution; third, human capital and green technological progress have become important factors to promote economic growth, and human capital, in particular, has become the primary factor, which indicates that China is in the process of transforming traditional economy into a knowledge economy. The stage of China’s economic development and the trend of environmental pollution is consistent with the extended “sources of growth” explanation for the EKC, which proved the theoretical hypothesis. This has an important practical significance for China’s current economic reform and important theoretical value for the economic transformation and sustainable development of developing countries. The paper finally puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.

CHANGES IN THE LACTATE INFLECTION POINT WITH PROLONGED AEROBIC EXERCISE

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-198604001-00116 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 18 (supplement) ◽

pp. S24

Author(s):

D. C. McKenzie ◽

A. Mavrogiannis

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Inflection Point

Menopause is an inflection point of age-related immune changes in women

Journal of Reproductive Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.jri.2021.103346 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103346

Author(s):

Aera Han ◽

Jee Yun Kim ◽

Joanne Kwak-Kim ◽

Sung Ki Lee

Keyword(s):

Inflection Point ◽

Age Related ◽

Immune Changes

Parathyroid Hormone in Pregnancy: Vitamin D and Other Determinants

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020360 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 360

Author(s):

Ola Hysaj ◽

Patricia Marqués-Gallego ◽

Aline Richard ◽

Magdeldin Elgizouli ◽

Alexandra Nieters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Inflection Point ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽

Maximal Suppression

We aimed to assess the parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration in pregnant women at the beginning of pregnancy (1st trimester) and within days before delivery (3rd trimester) and evaluate its determinants. From September 2014 through December 2015 in a cross-sectional study, 204 women in the 1st trimester of pregnancy and 203 women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy were recruited. Blood samples were collected to measure PTH and circulating 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Lifestyle and demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D and PTH were inversely correlated in both early and late pregnancy. Our analyses suggest that in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, a 25(OH)D level of 18.9 ng/mL (47.3 nmol/L) could serve as an inflection point for the maximal suppression of PTH. Statistically significant determinants of PTH concentrations in multiple regression were 25(OH)D concentrations, season, multiparity and education of the partner (all p < 0.05) in early pregnancy. In late pregnancy, 25(OH)D concentrations and country of origin were statistically significant determinants of PTH concentrations (all p < 0.05). These factors and their effect on PTH appear to be vastly determined by 25(OH)D; however, they might also affect PTH through other mechanisms besides 25(OH)D.

Different Low Constant Flows Can Equally Determine the Lower Inflection Point in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients

Artificial Organs ◽

10.1046/j.1525-1594.2001.06898.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 882-889 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana Maria Casati Nogueira Gama ◽

Eduardo Correa Meyer ◽

Ana Maria Araújo Silva Gaudêncio ◽

Michelle Andrade Grunauer ◽

Marcelo Britto Passos Amato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Inflection Point ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Lower Inflection Point

Conduction Characteristics of Charge Ordering Type Ferroelectrics,YFe2O4

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-0966-t07-27 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 966 ◽

Author(s):

Ken Imamura ◽

Yoichi Horibe ◽

Takeshi Yoshimura ◽

Norifumi Fujimura ◽

Shigeo Mori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Inflection Point ◽

Oxygen Deficiency ◽

Complex Impedance ◽

Charge Ordering ◽

Neel Temperature ◽

Ohmic Conduction ◽

Néel Temperature ◽

Impedance Measurements ◽

Conduction Properties

ABSTRACTElectrical conduction properties of charge ordering type ferroelectrics YFe2O4 were investigated. YFe2O4 was synthesized in reduced atmosphere at 1200 °C. Oxygen partial pressure of the reduced atmosphere was controlled by the equilibrium state of CO and CO2. YFe2O4 is paramagnetic at room temperature and has Néel temperature around 250K. The Néel temperature was decreased with increasing the amount of oxygen deficiency. Moreover, YFe2O4 showed ohmic conduction from 260 to 100 K. The temperature dependence of the DC conductivity showed an inflection point at the Néel temperature, which indicated the development of charge ordering of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions. From the complex impedance measurements, the equivalent circuits of YFe2O4 with different oxygen deficiency were determined at various temperatures.