Membrane-bound/soluble IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and levels of IL-1α, IL-2, and IL-6 in the serum and in the PBMC culture supernatants from 17 patients with hematological malignancies

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mantovani ◽  
Antonio Maccio ◽  
Paola Lai ◽  
Massimo Ghiani ◽  
Emiliano Turnu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Pbmc Culture ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Culture Supernatants

scholarly journals Nef Protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Lipopolysaccharide Induce Expression of CD14 on Human Monocytes through Differential Utilization of Interleukin-10

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Creery ◽  
Jonathan B. Angel ◽  
Susan Aucoin ◽  
William Weiss ◽  
William D. Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agent ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Pbmc Culture ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Culture Supernatants

ABSTRACT We investigated the expression of membrane-bound CD14 (mCD14) on monocytes and soluble CD14 (sCD14) released into the culture supernatants of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMC) from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Monocytes from HIV-positive individuals exhibited both enhanced mCD14 expression and sCD14 production in the PBMC culture supernatants compared to the levels of mCD14 and sCD14 in HIV-negative individuals. This enhanced mCD14 expression and sCD14 production in HIV-infected individuals may be due to the effects of cytokines, the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and/or the HIV regulatory antigens Tat and Nef. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an immunoregulatory cytokine, as well as LPS enhanced mCD14 expression and the release of sCD14 in the culture supernatants. HIV-Nef, unlike Tat, enhanced mCD14 expression on monocytes but did not induce the release of sCD14 into the culture supernatants. Studies conducted to investigate the mechanism underlying HIV-Nef-induced mCD14 expression revealed that HIV-Nef upregulated mCD14 expression via a mechanism that does not involve endogenously produced IL-10. In contrast, LPS upregulated the expression of mCD14 and increased the release of sCD14 via a mechanism that involves, at least in part, endogenously produced IL-10. Furthermore, dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent, inhibited HIV-Nef-induced CD14 expression in an IL-10-independent manner. In contrast, dexamethasone inhibited IL-10-dependent LPS-induced CD14 expression by interfering with IL-10-induced signals but not by blocking IL-10 production. These results suggest that HIV-Nef and IL-10 constitute biologically important modulators of CD14 expression which may influence immunobiological responses to bacterial infections in HIV disease.

scholarly journals Development, Characterization, and Immunomodulatory Evaluation of Carvacrol-loaded Nanoemulsion

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3899
Author(s):  
Amanda Gabrielle Barros Dantas ◽  
Rafael Limongi de de Souza ◽  
Anderson Rodrigues de de Almeida ◽  
Francisco Humberto Xavier Xavier Júnior ◽  
Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Loading ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Pbmc Culture ◽  
Phase Medium ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Immunomodulatory Action ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Carvacrol (CV) is an essential oil with numerous therapeutic properties, including immunomodulatory activity. However, this effect has not been studied in nanoemulsion systems. The objective of this study was to develop an innovative carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsion (CVNE) for immunomodulatory action. The developed CVNE comprised of 5% w/w oily phase (medium chain triglycerides + CV), 2% w/w surfactants (Tween 80®/Span 80®), and 93% w/w water, and was produced by ultrasonication. Dynamic light scattering over 90 days was used to characterize CVNE. Cytotoxic activity and quantification of cytokines were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatants. CVNE achieved a drug loading of 4.29 mg/mL, droplet size of 165.70 ± 0.46 nm, polydispersity index of 0.14 ± 0.03, zeta potential of −10.25 ± 0.52 mV, and good stability for 90 days. CVNE showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 200 µM in PBMCs. CV diminished the production of IL-2 in the PBMC supernatant. However, CVNE reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-17, and IFN-γ at 50 µM. In conclusion, a stable CVNE was produced, which improved the CV immunomodulatory activity in PBMCs.

scholarly journals Cell-autonomous FLT3L shedding via ADAM10 mediates conventional dendritic cell development in mouse spleen

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (29) ◽  
pp. 14714-14723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Fujita ◽  
Svetoslav Chakarov ◽  
Tetsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Keiko Sakamoto ◽  
Benjamin Voisin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Embryonic Fibroblasts ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase ◽  
Ex Vivo Culture ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) derive from bone marrow (BM) precursors that undergo cascades of developmental programs to terminally differentiate in peripheral tissues. Pre-cDC1s and pre-cDC2s commit in the BM to each differentiate into CD8α+/CD103+ cDC1s and CD11b+ cDC2s, respectively. Although both cDCs rely on the cytokine FLT3L during development, mechanisms that ensure cDC accessibility to FLT3L have yet to be elucidated. Here, we generated mice that lacked a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 10 in DCs (Itgax-cre × Adam10-fl/fl; ADAM10∆DC) and found that ADAM10 deletion markedly impacted splenic cDC2 development. Pre-cDC2s accumulated in the spleen with transcriptomic alterations that reflected their inability to differentiate and exhibited abrupt failure to survive as terminally differentiated cDC2s. Induced ADAM10 ablation also led to the reduction of terminally differentiated cDC2s, and restoration of Notch signaling, a major pathway downstream of ADAM10, only modestly rescued them. ADAM10∆DC BM failed to generate cDC2s in BM chimeric mice with or without cotransferred ADAM10-sufficient BM, indicating that cDC2 development required cell-autonomous ADAM10. We determined cDC2s to be sources of soluble FLT3L, as supported by decreased serum FLT3L concentration and the retention of membrane-bound FLT3L on cDC2 surfaces in ADAM10∆DC mice, and by demonstrating the release of soluble FLT3L by cDC2 in ex vivo culture supernatants. Through in vitro studies utilizing murine embryonic fibroblasts, we determined FLT3L to be a substrate for ADAM10. These data collectively reveal cDC2s as FLT3L sources and highlight a cell-autonomous mechanism that may enhance FLT3L accessibility for cDC2 development and survival.

scholarly journals Altered Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Production and Its Association to Inflammatory Cytokines in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Culture of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117864692097823
Author(s):  
Rona Kartika ◽  
Heri Wibowo ◽  
Dyah Purnamasari ◽  
Saraswati Pradipta ◽  
Rahma A Larasati
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Pbmc Culture ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Pha Stimulation

Aim: To analyze indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) production in the cell culture supernatant of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from type 2 DM (T2DM) patients and investigate IDO’s association to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Subjects and methods: PBMC samples were collected from 21 T2DM patients and 17 normoglycemic participants, then stimulated with PHA for 3 days. Cytokine and IDO concentrations were measured in the PBMC culture supernatants. In vitro production of TNF-α, IL-6, interferon-γ, and IL-10 were measured using multiplex immunoassay. IDO concentration was assessed using ELISA. To assess how PHA stimulation altered IDO production and to minimize the unstimulated baseline effect of T2DM, we subtracted the PHA-stimulated IDO concentration from the unstimulated one. IBM SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The IDO concentrations in the PBMC culture supernatants were significantly higher in T2DM patients regardless of whether they were unstimulated ( P < .001) or PHA-stimulated ( P = .012). Reduced IDO production was observed in 52.8% of T2DM patients and was associated with older age and lower interferon-γ levels. Conversely, 42.8% of T2DM patients showed increased IDO concentrations, which were correlated with the IL-6/IL-10 ratio ( r = 0.683, P = .021) and interferon-γ/IL-10 ratio ( r = 0.517, P = .077). Conclusion: The interferon-γ level was reduced in the PBMC culture supernatant of T2DM patients with reduced IDO production. Reduced IDO production in T2DM patients following PHA stimulation was associated with older age and, notably, higher baseline IDO concentrations. Since IDO is primarily produced by dendritic cells, reduced IDO production after PHA stimulation may indicate dendritic cell dysfunction.

scholarly journals Cell-adhesion molecules and their soluble forms: Promising predictors of “tumor progression” and relapse in leukemia

Tumor Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 101042831881152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieda Cristina Cunha Ferreira e Fonseca ◽  
Felipe Andrés Cordero da Luz ◽  
Isadora Akemi Uehara ◽  
Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Leukemic Stem Cells ◽  
Membrane Bound

Some surface markers are used to discriminate certain leukemic subpopulations that retain a greater oncogenic potential than others, and, for this reason, they were termed as leukemic stem cells, similar to the concept of cancer stem cells in carcinoma. Among these surface markers are proteins involved in cell–cell adhesion or cell–matrix adhesion, and they may play a role in the relapse of leukemia, similar to metastasis in carcinomas. The most important are epithelial cadherin, neural cadherin, epithelial cell-adhesion molecule, and CD44, which can be cleaved and released, and their soluble forms were found increased in serum levels of cancer patients, being implicated, in some cases, with progression, metastases, and relapse. In this review, we highlighted the role of these four adhesion molecules in carcinomas and hematological malignancies, mainly leukemia, and discuss if the serum levels of soluble forms can be correlated with the surface protein status on the leukemic cells. Accession of the soluble forms looks attractive, but their use as markers in cancer must be studied in association with other parameters, as there are significant changes in levels in other pathological conditions besides cancer. Studies correlating the levels of the forms with the status of the membrane-bound proteins in leukemic (stem) cells and correlating those parameters with relapse in leukemia may afford important knowledge and applicability of those serum markers in clinical practice. For instance, the expression of the membrane-bound forms of these adhesion proteins may have promising clinical use in leukemia and other hematological malignancies.

Two Distinct Types of Microfilaments in the Cytoplasm of Human Adenohypophysial Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 668-669
Author(s):  
E. Horvath ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
I. E. Stratmann ◽  
C. Ezrin
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Severe Diabetes ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Membrane Bound

Surgically removed human pituitary glands as well as pituitary tumors fixed in glutaraldehyde, postfixed in osmium tetroxide, embedded in epon resin, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate have been investigated by electron microscopy in order to correlate ultrastructure with functional activity. In the course of this study two distinct types of microfilaments have been identified in the cytoplasm of adenohypophysiocytes.Type I microfilaments (Fig. 1) were found in the cytoplasm of anterior lobe cells of five female subjects with disseminated mammary cancer and two patients with severe diabetes mellitus. The breast cancer patients were treated pre-operatively for various periods of time with different doses of oxysteroids. The microfilaments had an average diameter of JO A, formed parallel bundles, were scattered irregularly in the cytoplasm and were frequently located in the perikaryon. They were not membrane-bound and failed to show any periodicity.

Intranuclear Crystals in Regenerating Canine Kidneys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
D.G. Osborne ◽  
L.J. McCormack ◽  
M.O. Magnusson ◽  
W.S. Kiser
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cell ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Crystalline Structures ◽  
Small Crystals ◽  
Membrane Bound

During a project in which regenerative changes were studied in autotransplanted canine kidneys, intranuclear crystals were seen in a small number of tubular epithelial cells. These crystalline structures were seen in the control specimens and also in regenerating specimens; the main differences being in size and number of them. The control specimens showed a few tubular epithelial cell nuclei almost completely occupied by large crystals that were not membrane bound. Subsequent follow-up biopsies of the same kidneys contained similar intranuclear crystals but of a much smaller size. Some of these nuclei contained several small crystals. The small crystals occurred at one week following transplantation and were seen even four weeks following transplantation. As time passed, the small crystals appeared to fuse to form larger crystals.

Membrane-bound vesicles associated with the microvilli in the midgut of the freshwater microcrustacean, Daphnia magna

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Jansma
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardii ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Ethanol Series

The presence of the membrane bound vesicles or blebs on the intestinal epithelial cells has been demonstrated in a variety of vertebrates such as chicks, piglets, hamsters, and humans. The only invertebrates shown to have these microvillar blebs are two species of f1ies. While investigating the digestive processes of the freshwater microcrustacean, Daphnia magna, the presence of these microvillar blebs was noticed.Daphnia magna fed in a suspension of axenically grown green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardii for one hour were narcotized with CO2 saturated water. The intestinal tracts were excised in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M cacodyl ate buffer and then placed in fresh 2% glutaraldehyde for one hour. After rinsing in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, the sample was postfixed in 2% OsO4, dehydrated with a graded ethanol series, infiltrated and embedded with Epon-Araldite. Thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and Reynolds lead citrate before viewing with the Philips EM 200.

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