New aspects of Argyres-Douglas theories and their dimensional reduction

Abstract Argyres-Douglas (AD) theories constitute an infinite class of superconformal field theories in four dimensions with a number of interesting properties. We study several new aspects of AD theories engineered in A-type class $$ \mathcal{S} $$ S with one irregular puncture of Type I or Type II and also a regular puncture. These include conformal manifolds, structures of the Higgs branch, as well as the three dimensional gauge theories coming from the reduction on a circle. We find that the latter admits a description in terms of a linear quiver with unitary and special unitary gauge groups, along with a number of twisted hypermultiplets. The origin of these twisted hypermultiplets is explained from the four dimensional perspective. We also propose the three dimensional mirror theories for such linear quivers. These provide explicit descriptions of the magnetic quivers of all the AD theories in question in terms of quiver diagrams with unitary gauge groups, together with a collection of free hypermultiplets. A number of quiver gauge theories presented in this paper are new and have not been studied elsewhere in the literature.

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A string theory realization of special unitary quivers in 3 dimensions

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep11(2020)157 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Andrés Collinucci ◽

Roberto Valandro

Keyword(s):

String Theory ◽

Mirror Symmetry ◽

Gauge Theories ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Holomorphic Curves ◽

Gauge Groups ◽

Unitary Gauge

Abstract We propose a string theory realization of three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 quiver gauge theories with special unitary gauge groups. This is most easily understood in type IIA string theory with D4-branes wrapped on holomorphic curves in local K3’s, by invoking the Stückelberg mechanism. From the type IIB perspective, this is understood as simply compactifying the familiar Hanany-Witten (HW) constructions on a T3. The mirror symmetry duals are easily derived. We illustrate this with various examples of mirror pairs.

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Three dimensional mirror symmetry beyond ADE quivers and Argyres-Douglas theories

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep07(2021)199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Anindya Dey

Keyword(s):

Mirror Symmetry ◽

Gauge Theories ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dual Pair ◽

Global Symmetry ◽

Gauge Groups ◽

Superconformal Index ◽

Unitary Gauge ◽

Simple Realization ◽

Systematic Field

Abstract Mirror symmetry, a three dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 IR duality, has been studied in detail for quiver gauge theories of the ADE-type (as well as their affine versions) with unitary gauge groups. The A-type quivers (also known as linear quivers) and the associated mirror dualities have a particularly simple realization in terms of a Type IIB system of D3-D5-NS5-branes. In this paper, we present a systematic field theory prescription for constructing 3d mirror pairs beyond the ADE quiver gauge theories, starting from a dual pair of A-type quivers with unitary gauge groups. The construction involves a certain generalization of the S and the T operations, which arise in the context of the SL(2, ℤ) action on a 3d CFT with a U(1) 0-form global symmetry. We implement this construction in terms of two supersymmetric observables — the round sphere partition function and the superconformal index on S2 × S1. We discuss explicit examples of various (non-ADE) infinite families of mirror pairs that can be obtained in this fashion. In addition, we use the above construction to conjecture explicit 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 Lagrangians for 3d SCFTs, which arise in the deep IR limit of certain Argyres-Douglas theories compactified on a circle.

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Altered affinity of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) for receptors and IGF-binding proteins, resulting from limited modifications of the IGF-II molecule

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2780249 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 278 (1) ◽

pp. 249-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Y Oh ◽

M W Beukers ◽

H M Pham ◽

P A Smanik ◽

M C Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Factor Ii ◽

N Terminus ◽

Severe Impairment ◽

Igf Binding ◽

Terminal Amino

The binding affinities of seven analogues of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor II (hIGF-II) were characterized for the IGF type-I and type-II receptors and insulin receptors, as well as for IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-2, IGFPB-3 and human serum IGFBPs. A switch of two of the three cysteine bridges in hIGF-II, 9-47 and 46-51 to 9-46 and 47-51, severely impaired the binding of this analogue to all receptors and to the IGFBPs. The affinities for the IGF type-I receptor and the IGFBPs were decreased over 100-fold, while the binding to the insulin receptor and the IGF type-II receptor was less affected, with a 6-10-fold decrease in affinity. Slight modifications of the N-terminus had only minor effects upon the binding of hIGF-II to the IGFBPs or to the receptors. Deletion of both the N-terminal amino acid and the two C-terminal amino acids resulted in moderate decreases in affinity, with a 60% decrease in affinity for IGFBP-1 and the IGF type-I receptor. Acetylation of the N-terminus of Ala1 and the epsilon-nitrogen of Lys65 decreased the affinity, by 60-90%, of hIGF-II for all of the IGFBPs and receptors. The experiments involving acetylation of IGF-II or switching of its cysteine bridges indicated that these modifications (no substitution, deletion or addition of any of the 67 amino acids of hIGF-II) may lead to a severe impairment of the binding affinity of IGF-II for both the IGFBPs and the receptors. Acetylation of the epsilon-nitrogen of Lys65, which causes a charge change, or alteration of the three-dimensional structure, as shown by the cysteine bridge switch, lead to a severe impairment of the binding affinity for the binding proteins and for the receptors. In general, care should be taken with the synthesis of analogues and the interpretation of resulting binding data, since affinity alterations ascribed to amino acid changes may instead be caused by alterations of the charge or the three-dimensional structure of the protein.

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Aspects of type I-type II-heterotic triality in four dimensions

Nuclear Physics B ◽

10.1016/s0550-3213(96)00514-7 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 489 (1-2) ◽

pp. 160-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

I. Antoniadis ◽

C. Bachas ◽

C. Fabre ◽

H. Partouche ◽

T.R. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Four Dimensions

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A CFT distance conjecture

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep10(2021)070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Eric Perlmutter ◽

Leonardo Rastelli ◽

Cumrun Vafa ◽

Irene Valenzuela

Keyword(s):

Spin Symmetry ◽

Field Theories ◽

Superconformal Field Theories ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Conformal Field ◽

Anomalous Dimensions ◽

Higher Spin ◽

Spin Fields ◽

Local Operators ◽

Conformal Manifolds

Abstract We formulate a series of conjectures relating the geometry of conformal manifolds to the spectrum of local operators in conformal field theories in d > 2 spacetime dimensions. We focus on conformal manifolds with limiting points at infinite distance with respect to the Zamolodchikov metric. Our central conjecture is that all theories at infinite distance possess an emergent higher-spin symmetry, generated by an infinite tower of currents whose anomalous dimensions vanish exponentially in the distance. Stated geometrically, the diameter of a non-compact conformal manifold must diverge logarithmically in the higher-spin gap. In the holographic context our conjectures are related to the Distance Conjecture in the swampland program. Interpreted gravitationally, they imply that approaching infinite distance in moduli space at fixed AdS radius, a tower of higher-spin fields becomes massless at an exponential rate that is bounded from below in Planck units. We discuss further implications for conformal manifolds of superconformal field theories in three and four dimensions.

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Study On The Application of Preoperative Three-Dimensional CT Angiography of Perigastric Arteries In Laparoscopic Radical Gastrectomy

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1221647/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Peng Liu ◽

Wenbin Yu ◽

Meng Wei ◽

Danping Sun ◽

Xin Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Blood Loss ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Classification Model ◽

Type I ◽

Radical Gastrectomy ◽

Type Ii ◽

Type Iii ◽

Type Iv ◽

Type V

Abstract Objection: To investigate the clinical value and significance of preoperative three-dimensional computerized tomography angiography (CTA) in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods: The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively from 214 gastric cancer patients. We grouped according to whether to perform CTA. The gastric peripheral artery was classified according to CTA images of patients in the CTA group, and we compared and analyzed the difference of the data between the two groups.Results: The celiac trunk was classified according to Adachi classification: Type I (118/125, 94.4%),Type II (3/125, 2.4%),Type III (0/125, 0%),Type IV (1/125, 0.8%),Type V (2/125, 1.6%),Type VI (1/125, 0.8%).Hepatic artery classification was performed according to Hiatt classification standard:Type I (102/125, 81.6％),Type II (9/125, 7.2%),Type III (6/125, 4.8%),Type IV (2/125, 1.6%),Type V (3/125, 2.4%),Type VI (0, 0%),Others (3/125, 2.4%).And this study combined vascular anatomy and clinical surgical risk to establish a new splenic artery classification model. It was found that the operation time and estimated blood loss in the CTA group were significantly lower than those in the non-CTA group. In addition, the blood loss in the CTA group combined with ICG (Indocyanine Green) labeled fluorescence laparoscopy was significantly less than that in the group without ICG labeled. Conclusion: Preoperative CTA can objectively evaluate the vascular course and variation of patients, and then avoid the risk of operation, especially in combination with ICG labeled fluorescence laparoscopy, can further improve the quality of operation.

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Non-invertible global symmetries and completeness of the spectrum

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep09(2021)203 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Ben Heidenreich ◽

Jacob McNamara ◽

Miguel Montero ◽

Matthew Reece ◽

Tom Rudelius ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gauge Theories ◽

Cosmic Strings ◽

Global Symmetry ◽

Complete Spectrum ◽

Abelian Gauge ◽

Analogous Statement ◽

Gauge Groups ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Chern Simons ◽

General Gauge

Abstract It is widely believed that consistent theories of quantum gravity satisfy two basic kinematic constraints: they are free from any global symmetry, and they contain a complete spectrum of gauge charges. For compact, abelian gauge groups, completeness follows from the absence of a 1-form global symmetry. However, this correspondence breaks down for more general gauge groups, where the breaking of the 1-form symmetry is insufficient to guarantee a complete spectrum. We show that the correspondence may be restored by broadening our notion of symmetry to include non-invertible topological operators, and prove that their absence is sufficient to guarantee a complete spectrum for any compact, possibly disconnected gauge group. In addition, we prove an analogous statement regarding the completeness of twist vortices: codimension-2 objects defined by a discrete holonomy around their worldvolume, such as cosmic strings in four dimensions. We discuss how this correspondence is modified in various, more general contexts, including non-compact gauge groups, Higgsing of gauge theories, and the addition of Chern-Simons terms. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the Swampland program, as well as the phenomenological implications of the existence of twist strings.

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The severity of developmental dysplasia of the hip does not correlate with the abnormality in pelvic incidence

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-020-03632-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rongshan Cheng ◽

Muyin Huang ◽

Willem Alexander Kernkamp ◽

Huiwu Li ◽

Zhenan Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Incidence ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Developmental Dysplasia ◽

Control Group ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dysplasia Of The Hip

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the severity of Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and the abnormality in pelvic incidence (PI). Methods This was a retrospective study analyzing 53 DDH patients and 53 non-DDH age-matched controls. Computed tomography images were used to construct three-dimensional pelvic model. The Crowe classification was used to classify the severity of DDH. The midpoint of the femoral head centers and sacral endplates were projected to the sagittal plane of the pelvis. The PI was defined as the angle between a line perpendicular to the sacral plate at its midpoint and a line connecting this point to the axis of the femoral heads. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the differences between the PI of DDH group and the non-DDH controls group. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was used to determine the correlation between the severity of DDH and PI. Results Patients with DDH had a significantly (p = 0.041) higher PI than the non-DDH controls (DDH 47.6 ± 8.2°, normal 44.2 ± 8.8°). Crowe type I patients had a significantly (p = 0.038) higher PI (48.2 ± 7.6°) than the non-DDH controls. No significant difference between the PI in Crowe type II or III patients and the PI in non-DDH controls were found (Crowe type II, 50.2 ± 9.6°, p = 0.073; Crowe type III, 43.8 ± 7.2°, p = 0.930). No correlation was found between the severity of DDH and the PI (r = 0.091, p = 0.222). Conclusions No correlation was found between the severity of DDH and the PI. The study confirmed that the PI in DDH (Crowe type I) group was higher than that of the non-DDH control group, while the PI does not correlate with the severity of DDH.

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Preliminary Deformational Studies on a Finite Element Model of the Nasal Septum Reveals Key Areas for Septal Realignment and Reconstruction

Journal of Medical Engineering ◽

10.1155/2013/250274 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kyrin Liong ◽

Shu Jin Lee ◽

Heow Pueh Lee

Keyword(s):

Nasal Septum ◽

Preoperative Planning ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Element Model ◽

Septal Cartilage ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Anterior Nasal Spine ◽

Force Direction ◽

Three Dimensional Models

Background. With the current lack of clinically relevant classification methods of septal deviation, computer-generated models are important, as septal cartilage is indistinguishable on current imaging methods, making preoperative planning difficult. Methods. Three-dimensional models of the septum were created from a CT scan, and incremental forces were applied. Results. Regardless of the force direction, with increasing force, the septum first tilts (type I) and then crumples into a C shape (type II) and finally into an S shape (type III). In type I, it is important to address the dislocation in the vomer-ethmoid cartilage junction and vomerine groove, where stress is concentrated. In types II and III, there is intrinsic fracture and shortening of the nasal septum, which may be dislocated off the anterior nasal spine. Surgery aims to relieve the posterior buckling and dislocation, with realignment of the septum to the ANS and possible spreader grafts to buttress the fracture sites. Conclusion. By identifying clinically observable septal deviations and the areas of stress concentration and dislocation, a straighter, more stable septum may be achieved.

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Identification of actin-, alpha-actinin-, and vinculin-containing plaques at the lateral membrane of epithelial cells.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.102.5.1843 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 102 (5) ◽

pp. 1843-1852 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

D Drenckhahn ◽

H Franz

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Intercellular Junctions ◽

Classical Type ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

Prostatic Epithelium ◽

Human Intestinal Epithelium

In this paper, a new type of spot desmosome-like junction (type II plaque) is described that is scattered along the entire lateral plasma membrane of rat and human intestinal epithelium. Ultrastructurally type II plaques differed from the classical type of epithelial spot desmosome ("macula adherens", further denoted as type I desmosome) by weak electron density of the membrane-associated plaque material, association of the plaques with microfilaments rather than intermediate filaments, and poorly visible material across the intercellular space. Thus, type II plaques resemble cross-sections of the zonula adherens. Immunofluorescence-microscopic studies were done using antibodies to a main protein associated with the plaques of type I desmosomes (desmoplakin I) and to the three major proteins located at the plaques of the zonula adherens (actin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin). Two types of plaques were visualized along the lateral surface of intestinal and prostatic epithelium: (a) the type I desmosomes, which were labeled with anti-desmoplakin but did not bind antibodies to actin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin, and (b) a further set of similarly sized plaques, which bound antibodies to actin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin but were not stained with anti-desmoplakin. Three-dimensional computer reconstruction of serial sections double-labeled with anti-desmoplakin and anti-alpha-actinin further confirmed that both types of plaques are spatially completely separated from each other along the lateral plasma membrane. The computer graphs further revealed that the actin-, alpha-actinin-, and vinculin-containing plaques have the tendency to form clusters, a feature also typical of type II plaques. It is suggested that the type II plaques represent spot desmosome-like intercellular junctions, which, like the zonula adherens, appear to be linked to the actin filament system. As the type II plaques cover a considerable part of the lateral cell surface, they might play a particular role in controlling cellular shape and intercellular adhesion.

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