Month of birth and life expectancy: role of gender and age in a comparative approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lerchl
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Month Of Birth ◽  
Gender And Age

scholarly journals The Role of Preschool Hours in Achieving Physical Activity Recommendations for Preschoolers

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Sara Lahuerta-Contell ◽  
Javier Molina-García ◽  
Ana Queralt ◽  
Vladimir E. Martínez-Bello
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
School Environment ◽  
High Density ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Activity Recommendations

Research on physical activity (PA) in different educational settings could elucidate which interventions promote a healthy school lifestyle in early childhood education (ECE). The aims of this study were: (a) to analyse the PA levels of preschoolers during school hours, as well as the rate of compliance with specific recommendations on total PA (TPA) and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA); (b) to examine the role of structured movement sessions and recess time in the MVPA levels during school hours; (c) to evaluate the sociodemographic correlates of preschoolers and the school environment on MVPA behaviour during school hours. PA was evaluated with Actigraph accelerometers. Our main findings were that: (a) preschoolers engaged in very little TPA and MVPA during school hours; (b) children showed significantly higher MVPA levels on days with versus without structured movement sessions, and the contribution of the structured sessions to MVPA was significantly higher than that of recess time; (c) gender and age were associated with PA, and a high density of young children on the playground was associated with high levels of vigorous PA, whereas in the classroom, high density was associated with more sedentary behaviour. Structured PA could reduce the gap in achieving international recommendations.

Role of cholinergic receptors in memory retrieval depends on gender and age of memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habiba Rashid ◽  
Aamra Mahboob ◽  
Touqeer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Cholinergic Receptors ◽  
Gender And Age

Endokrinológiai tényezők és metabolikus folyamatok szerepe az élettartam szabályozásában

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (33) ◽  
pp. 1318-1327
Author(s):  
Tamás Halmos ◽  
Ilona Suba
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related

Összefoglaló. Az emberek a lehető leghosszabb ideig akarnak élni, jó egészségben. Ha kiküszöbölnénk a kedvezőtlen külső körülményeket, a várható élettartam meghaladhatná a 100 évet. A 20. és 21. században a jóléti társadalmakban a várható élettartam jelentősen megnőtt, így Magyarországon is. Az áttekintett irodalom alapján megvizsgáltuk, hogy a genetika és az öröklődés mellett milyen endokrinológiai és metabolikus tényezők játszanak szerepet az élet meghosszabbításában. Megvizsgáltunk minden endogén tényezőt, amely pozitívan vagy negatívan befolyásolhatja az életkorral összefüggő betegségeket (Alzheimer-kór, szív- és érrendszeri betegségek, rák) és az élettartamot. Kiemeltük a hyperinsulinaemia, az inzulinrezisztencia, a metabolikus szindróma öregedést gyorsító hatását, az inzulinszerű növekedési hormon-1 ellentmondásos szerepét, valamint az élet meghosszabbításában részt vevő, újabban felfedezett peptideket, mint a klotho és a humanin. Ismertettük a mitochondriumok szerepét az élettartam meghatározásában, bemutattuk a mitohormesis folyamatát és annak stresszvédő funkcióját. Bemutattuk a rapamicin célszervét, az mTOR-t, amelynek gátlása meghosszabbítja az élettartamot, valamint a szirtuinokat. Kitértünk az autophagia folyamatára, és ismertettük a szenolitikumok szerepét az öregedésben. Az időskori autoimmunitás csökkenése hozzájárul az élettartam rövidüléséhez, utaltunk a thymus koordináló szerepére. Kiemeltük a bélmikrobiom fontos szerepét az élettartam szabályozásában. Hivatkoztunk a „centenáriusok” megfigyeléséből nyert humánadatokra. Megvizsgáltuk, milyen beavatkozási lehetőségek állnak rendelkezésre az egészségben tölthető élettartam meghosszabbításához. Az életmódbeli lehetőségek közül kiemeltük a kalóriabevitel-csökkentés és a testmozgás jótékony szerepét. Megvizsgáltuk egyes gyógyszerek feltételezett hatásait. Ezek közé tartozik a metformin, az akarbóz, a rezveratrol. E gyógyszerek mindegyikének hatása hasonló a kalóriamegszorításéhoz. Nincs olyan „csodaszer”, amely igazoltan meghosszabbítja az élettartamot emberben. Egyes géneknek és génmutációknak jótékony hatásuk van, de ezt környezeti tényezők, betegségek, balesetek és más külső ártalmak módosíthatják. Kiemeljük az elhízás, az alacsony fokozatú gyulladás és az inzulinrezisztencia öregedésre gyakorolt gyorsító hatását. A metabolikus szindróma elterjedtsége miatt ez jelentős népegészségügyi kockázatot jelent. Az inzulin, a növekedési hormon és az inzulinszerű növekedési faktorok hatásainak értékelése továbbra is ellentmondásos. Az egészséges, szellemileg és fizikailag aktív életmód, a kalóriacsökkentés mindenképpen előnyös. Az életet meghosszabbító szerek értékelése még vitatott. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(33): 1318–1327. Summary. People want to live as long as possible in good health. If we eliminate the unfavorable external conditions, the life expectancy could exceed 100 years. In the 20th and 21th centuries, life expectancy in welfare societies increased significantly, including in Hungary. Based on the reviewed literature, we examined what endocrinological and metabolic factors play a role in prolonging life in addition to genetics and inheritance. We examined all endogenous factors that can positively or negatively affect age-related diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer) and longevity. We highlighted the aging effects of hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, the controversial role of insulin-like growth factor-1, and more recently discovered peptides involved in prolonging lifespan, such as klotho and humanin. We described the role of mitochondria in determining longevity, we demonstrated the process of mitohormesis and its stress-protective function. We presented the target organ of rapamycin, mTOR, the inhibition of which prolongs lifespan, as well as sirtuins. We covered the process of autophagy and described the role of senolytics in aging. The decrease in autoimmunity in old age contributes to the shortening of life expectancy, we referred to the coordinating role of the thymus. We highlighted the important role of intestinal microbiome in the regulation of longevity. We referred to human data obtained from observations on “centenarians”. We examined what intervention options are available to prolong healthy life expectancy. Among the lifestyle options, we highlighted the beneficial role of calorie reduction and exercise. We examined the putative beneficial effects of some drugs. These include metformin, acarbose, resveratrol. The effect of each of these drugs is similar to calorie restriction. There is no “miracle cure” that has been shown to prolong life-span in humans. Some genes and gene mutations have beneficial effects, but this can be modified by environmental factors, diseases, accidents, and other external harms. We highlight the accelerating effects of obesity, low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance on aging. Due to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, this poses a significant risk to public health. The assessment of the effects of insulin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factors remains controversial. A healthy, mentally and physically active lifestyle, calorie reduction is definitely beneficial. The evaluation of life-prolonging agents is still controversial. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(33): 1318–1327.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF SIBLING RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-115
Author(s):  
Oksana V. Baskaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

An overview of the areas of sibling research that laid the foundation for the modern understanding of sibling issues is presented. Attention is focused on the importance of sibling relationships for personal development, socialization and adaptation, and on the existing shortage of relevant work at the same time. The main stages of the development of sibling theory in their continuity are considered, starting from the first studies devoted to the search for a connection between the order of birth and achievements and dated to the end of the 19th century, to the term “individual environment” developed by the genetics of behavior in the second half of the 20th century. It emphasizes the role of A. Adler, who has made sibling a central feature of family life and personal development and has long determined the future direction of empirical family research. It shows a gradual shift in the interest of researchers from studying the influence of birth order, gender, and age intervals between siblings on personal characteristics. In this connection, an analysis of the nature of sibling relations on the basis of reciprocity and complementarity, undertaken by Dunn, is given. Early works on the jealousy and rivalry of children in the family, the study of the impact of parental differential treatment on them, as well as the influence of child characteristics on siblings in families with sick children are considered.

scholarly journals Correlation between Serum Homocysteine and Vitiligo Area Scoring Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina R. U. Hasibuan ◽  
Imam B. Putra ◽  
Nelva K. Jusuf
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Characteristic Finding ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Scoring Index

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder. White macules caused by melanocyte destruction is a characteristic finding that cosmetically disturbing. Until recently, pathogenesis of vitiligo is still unclear. The role of homocysteine in vitiligo is mentioned in previous studies thus it is probable that it can be a biomarker to determine vitiligo severity. Aim : To determine correlation between serum homocysteine and vitiligo area scoring index (VASI)Subject and method: This was a cross-sectional analytic study which involved 30 vitiligo patients that were diagnosed by clinical and Wood’s lamp examinations then VASI score was determined and same numbers of control. We conducted blood sampling and measurement of serum homocysteine level to the patients.Results: There is no significant correlation between serum homocysteine and VASI score (p= 0,133, r= 0,281), family history (p=0,447), and duration of vitiligo (p= 0,993, r= 0,002). There is no significant difference between serum homocysteine in vitiligo patients and controls (p= 0,191). There is a correlation between serum homocysteine with gender (p= 0,001) and age (p= 0,036;r= 0,385)  in vitiligo patient but not in controls (p= 0,266), (p= 0,872; r= 0,031). There is a correlation between serum homocysteine and types of vitiligo. Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between serum homocysteine and VASI score, family history, and duration of vitiligo. There is no significant difference between serum homocysteine in vitiligo patients and controls. There is a correlation between serum homocysteine with gender and age in vitiligo patients.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological rehabilitation of memory in post-stroke patients with brain nonspecific structure injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 03023
Author(s):  
Tatiana Aleksandrovna Mardasova ◽  
Pavel Rafaelevich Iusupov
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Management System ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Post Stroke

The relevance of the study of the neuropsychological rehabilitation of memory impairments in stroke and the increasing role of the development of the rehabilitation direction to build a competent management system for such patients suggests good conditions for improving the health of the population, increasing the life expectancy and social activity of people.

scholarly journals Association between Serum Calcium and First Incident Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi ZHANG ◽  
Bangming CAO ◽  
Xingmei HUANG ◽  
Jian GU ◽  
Ming XIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: The role of serum calcium in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with or without first incident acute myocardial infarction has not been studied previously. This study aimed to assess the relationship between serum calcium and first incident acute myocardial infarction. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from Jan 2014 to Dec 2016. All the participants were from our database, described in detail elsewhere including 1609 cases and 3252 controls. Multiple logistic regression was carried out to explore the effect of serum calcium on first incident acute myocardial infarction. Interaction between serum calcium and risk factors were evaluated. Results: Patients with first incident acute myocardial infarction have significantly lower serum calcium concentrations than those without acute myocardial infarction (2.18 (0.21) vs 2.24 (0.19) mmol/L, P<0.0001). After adjusting for sex and age, logistic regression showed that serum calcium was significantly associated with first incident acute myocardial infarction (odds ratio (OR): 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41-1.60). Further adjusted for potential confounders, serum calcium was associated with first incident acute myocardial infarction (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.22-1.42). Moreover, the association still existed when patients were divided into subgroups according to gender and age. A significant interaction was found between serum calcium and diabetes mellitus (DM), lipoprotein (a) (Lp (a)), and serum albumin. Conclusion: Serum calcium was associated with first incident acute myocardial infarction among CAD patients in both sexes and in age categories. This study provides further evidence showing the value of serum calcium levels in clinical practice.

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