Sex-specific growth is mirrored in feeding rate but not moulting frequency in a sexually dimorphic snake

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Bury
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic

NATURAL FEEDING OF SLUDGE WORMS (Tubifex sp.) WITH DIFFERENT FEEDING RATE ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF CTENOPOMA (Ctenopoma acutirostre) FISH SEEDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Atilah Setiawan ◽  
Muarif Muarif ◽  
Fia Sri Mumpuni
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The aim of this study was to determine the growth and survival rate of Ctenopoma fish seeds. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment in this study was a different feeding rate using natural feed of Tubifex sp  namely A (8%), B (10%), and C (12%) ). The test fish used was Ctenopoma fish seeds with an initial length of 2.40 ± 0.10 cm and an initial weight of 0.32 ± 0.05 g. Fish seeds are cultivated  for 28 days with feeding frequency twice a day. The results of research showed that the use of different feeding rate had an significantly different (P<0.05) on the specific growth  rate and absolute length growth with the best results in the treatment C. The survival rate was not significantly different between treatments (P>0.05). Key Words: Ctenopoma, feeding rate, growth, survival rate 

scholarly journals The growth performance and resistance to salinity stress of striped catfish Pangasius sp. juvenile in biofloc system with different feeding rates

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wellya Wichi Meritha ◽  
Muhammad Agus Suprayudi ◽  
Juli Ekasari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Striped Catfish

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance and resistance to salinity stress of striped catfish juvenile reared in biofloc with different feeding rate (FR). The treatments applied in this study were rearing the fish in biofloc with FR 5% and 8% of biomass per day, and rearing the fish with a FR of 8% per day without biofloc system as the control. The fish with an initial average length of 1.81 ± 0.20 cm were stocked in 9 units of  50 L aquaria with density of 40 ind/aquaria (800 ind/m<sup>3</sup>) for 15 days rearing period. In biofloc systems, the addition of tapioca as a source of organic carbon was done every day with an estimated C/N ratio of 10. No water exchange was done in biofloc systems, whereas regular water exchange was applied in the control. Results of the experiment showed that survival was not significantly different amongst treatments (P&gt;0.05).  However, the specific growth rate of the fish in biofloc system with a FR of 8% per day showed the highest value and was significantly different from other treatments (P&lt;0.05). Fish reared in biofloc system tend to have lower feed conversion ratios (FCRs) than the control. The lowest FCR was found in fish reared in biofloc system with 5% FR and significantly lower than control (P&lt;0.05).  Salinity stress test was conducted by soaking 15 juveniles in water with a salinity of 20 g/L for an hour. The survival of fish after salinity stress test were significantly higher for fish reared in bifloc system than control (P&lt;0.05). These data showed that rearing striped catfish juvenile in biofloc system could reduce FCR, increase the growth, and robustness of fish.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: biofloc, feeding rate, growth, salinity stress test, striped catfish</p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja pertumbuhan dan ketahanan benih ikan patin terhadap stres salinitas yang dipelihara dalam sistem bioflok dengan tingkat pemberian pakan (FR) berbeda. Perlakuan yang terdapat dalam penelitian ini adalah benih patin yang dipelihara dalam sistem bioflok dengan FR 5% dan 8% per hari, dan pemeliharaan benih dengan FR 8% per hari tanpa penambahan sumber karbon sebagai kontrol. Benih patin dengan panjang rata-rata awal 1,81 ± 0,20 cm dipelihara dalam 9 unit akuarium dengan volume air 50 L dan kepadatan 40 ekor/akuarium (800 ekor/m<sup>3</sup>) selama 15 hari. Pada sistem bioflok, penambahan tapioka sebagai sumber karbon dilakukan setiap hari dengan C/N 10. Pada sistem bioflok tidak dilakukan pergantian air, sedangkan pada kontrol dilakukan pergantian air. Kelangsungan hidup ikan tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan. Namun, tingkat pertumbuhan spesifik ikan dalam sistem bioflok dengan FR 8% per hari menunjukkan nilai tertinggi dan berbeda nyata antar perlakuan (P&lt;0,05). Benih yang dipelihara pada sistem bioflok memiliki rasio konversi pakan (FCR) yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara perlakuan bioflok (P&gt;0,05). Uji stres salinitas dilakukan dengan merendam 15 ekor benih patin pada air dengan salinitas 20 g/L selama satu jam. Kelangsungan hidup setelah uji stres salinitas dari benih yang dipelihara di bioflok secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol (P&lt;0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemeliharaan benih patin pada sistem bioflok dapat menurunkan FCR, dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan ketahanan ikan terhadap stres salinitas.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci: bioflok, feeding rate, pertumbuhan, uji stres salinitas, ikan patin</p><p> </p>

Initial Work on Sex-Specific Growth Curve Guidelines for Forensically Important Blow Flies Using Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Entire Age Cohorts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua L Smith ◽  
Derek J Adams
Keyword(s):  
Specific Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Blow Flies ◽  
Chrysomya Megacephala ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Reference Growth Curves

Abstract Sex is a factor influencing development in many insect species, but is not widely studied in forensically important blow flies. If sex influences blow fly development, knowing the sex of a larva from a corpse can increase precision in estimates of that larva’s age. The improved prediction of larval age will make estimates of time since death using entomological evidence better. Larvae lack sexually dimorphic morphological characteristics, so sex is not immediately known visually. To generate sexually dimorphic reference growth curves, a subsample must be large enough to ensure enough males and females are present for comparison. Using two entire age Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) cohorts, we evaluated the minimum sample number needed to have enough individuals of both sexes for comparison using 95% prediction intervals. Through a simulation of three trials of 1000 random replicates, we determined that a sample size of 19 would prevent any instance of a comparison not occurring because of insufficient sampling from one sex. As the current method for molecular sex determination can be expensive, we also compared how the results of various subsampling percentages compare those of the entire age cohorts. We found that subsampling at least 50% of an entire cohort leads to almost identical results in comparison to the entire age cohort. Together, these findings will help establish guidelines for generating sex-specific reference growth curves. A uniform approach to generating these sex-specific growth curves will lead to more consistency in age estimates made from them.

Divergence of the growth characteristics and longevity of coexisting Platycephalidae (Pisces)

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Barnes ◽  
C. A. Gray ◽  
J. E. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Growth Functions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Unique Species ◽  
Inner Continental Shelf

Divergent age and growth characteristics can reduce deleterious competitive interactions between taxonomically related species facilitating coexistence. Five platycephalid fish species, Platycephalus caeruleopunctatus, Platycephalus longispinis, Platycephalus richardsoni, Ambiserrula jugosa and Ratabulus diversidens, inhabit inner continental shelf habitats along the east coast of Australia. We tested the hypothesis that the age and growth characteristics of these five species are unique. The age of each species was estimated by counting the number of opaque zones in sectioned otoliths. The maximum observed age ranged from 4 years for A. jugosa to 16 years for P. longispinis. von Bertalanffy growth functions were fitted to length-at-age data for each combination of species, sex and location and compared using likelihood ratio tests. The age and growth characteristics of each species were unique and each species displayed sexually dimorphic growth, with females growing larger than males. The unique species-specific growth characteristics may assist length-based partitioning of resources, reducing competitive interactions and facilitate coexistence between these platycephalid species.

scholarly journals Effects of the Feeding Rate on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Hematological Properties of Juvenile Mandarin Fish Siniperca scherzeri in a Recirculating Aquaculture System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8257
Author(s):  
Yi-Oh Kim ◽  
Sung-Yong Oh ◽  
Taewon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture System ◽  
Mandarin Fish ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Siniperca Scherzeri ◽  
Aquaculture System

The effects of feeding rate (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.0% body weight [BW] per day [BW day−1]) on the growth, body composition, and blood properties of juvenile mandarin fish, Siniperca scherzeri, (initial BW 18.4 ± 0.2 g) were investigated in a water recirculating aquaculture system. Triplicate groups of fish were fed an experimental diet (55.4% protein, 14.1% lipid) for 10 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate increased with increasing feeding rates of up to 2.5% BW day−1, after which no significant increase in growth was observed. Feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and protein retention were not significantly different among the fish fed 1–2.5% BW day−1 but decreased significantly in those fed 3.0% BW day−1. The lipid content of fish fed 2.5% BW day−1 was significantly higher than that at 0.5–1.5% BW day−1. The total plasma cholesterol content was significantly lower in fish fed 0.5 BW day−1 than fish provided with other feeding rates. Based on the growth, feed efficiency, body composition, and blood content analyses, including regression analysis, the optimal feeding rate for juvenile S. scherzeri weighing between 18 g and 54 g was estimated at 1.88–2.80% BW day−1 depending on weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency under 26.9 °C conditions.

scholarly journals Utilization of cinnamon Cinnamomum burmannii leaves and shrimp head in the feed on growth performance of catfish Pangasianodon hypopthalmus

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Suclyadi Dairun ◽  
Mia Setiawati ◽  
Muhammad Agus Suprayudi ◽  
Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Shrimp Head ◽  
Cinnamomum Burmannii

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Catfish farming has confronted with the problem of slow growth to reach the fillet size and less tender of fish fillets. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cinnamon leaf flour and shrimp head flour in formulated diets on growth of catfish <em>Pangasi</em><em>anodon</em><em> hypopthalamus</em>. Catfish with an initial weight of 207.04 ± 2.70 g/fish reared in 12 cages with a dimension of  2×1×1.5 m<sup>3</sup> (L×W×H)  and its fish density was 15 fishes for 60 days. Fish were fed with following experimental diets: (1) Control; (2) cinnamon leaf (1%) (CL); (3) 45% of protein source from shrimp head (SH); (4) CL+SH mix.  The fishes fed twice a day with feeding rate 3.5% of fish biomass. The study found that the use of cinnamon leaf and shrimp head increased the specific growth rate 1.67-1.70%, the feed efficiency 57.55-57.67%, and protein retention 55.61% compared to its control (P&lt;0.05). Triglyceride level, cholesterol, and blood HDL were 416.00-524.05 mg/dL, 139.65-156.68 mg/dL, 73.18-103.70 mg/dL (P&gt;0.05), respectively. HSI value ranged between 0.3-1.9% compared to its control (P&lt;0.05).</p><p>Keywords: <em>Cinnamomum burmannii</em>, feed, growth, <em>Pangasianodon hypopthalmus</em><em>, </em>shrimp head.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p>Budidaya ikan patin dihadapkan pada permasalahan pertumbuhan dan kualitas daging yaitu pertumbuhan yang lambat untuk mencapai ukuran <em>fillet</em> serta tekstur daging kurang kompak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan tepung daun kayu manis dan tepung kepala udang dalam pakan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan patin <em>Pangasi</em><em>anodon</em><em> hypopthalmus</em>. Ikan patin dengan bobot 207,04 ± 2,70 g/ekordipelihara selama 60 hari di hapa sebanyak 12 buah (berukuran 2×1×1,5 m<sup>3</sup>)dengan padat tebar 15 ekor/jaring. Ikan diberi pakan perlakuan yang terdiri dari: (1) Kontrol; (2) daun kayu manis 1% (DKM); (3) 45% sumber protein dari kepala udang (TKU); dan (4) campuran DKM+TKU. Pemberian pakan sebanyak 2 kali sehari dengan <em>feeding rate</em> 3,5% dari biomassa ikan. Hasil dari penelitian penggunaan daun kayu manis dan kepala udang meningkatkan nilai laju pertumbuhan harian 1,67-1,70%, efisiensi pakan 57,55-57,67% dan retensi protein 55,61% dibanding kontrol (P&lt;0,05). Kadar trigliserida, kolesterol, dan HDL darah berturut-turut adalah 416,00-524,05 mg/dL, 139,65-156,68 mg/dL, 73,18-103,70 mg/dL (P&gt;0,05). Nilai HSI ikan patin berkisar antara 0,3-1,9% dibanding kontrol (P&lt;0,05).</p><p>Kata kunci: <em>Cinnamomum burmannii, </em>kepala udang, pakan, <em>Pangasianodon hypopthalmus</em>, pertumbuhan.</p><p> </p>

Correlates of Growth and Feeding in Laboratory-Maintained Eledone Cirrhosa (Cephalopoda: Octopoda)

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Houlihan ◽  
K. Kelly ◽  
P.R. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Octopuses (Eledone cirrhosa (Octopoda: Cephalopoda)) held in an aquarium were subjected to varying conditions of feeding and starvation to evaluate putative indices of feeding and growth. Specific growth rate (%d−1) was linearly related to feeding rate (% of the body mass d−1) in animals with a mean body mass of 250 g at 15°C. Maximum growth rates varied between > 2% d−1 (body weights < 300 g) to < 1% d−1 (body weights ≤ 900 g) but specific growth rates were not related to body weight. Growth rates became negative (weight loss) after one week without food.The digestive gland index (DGI) was significantly correlated with short and long-term feeding and specific growth rates, and with body weight. Muscle RNA concentration was linearly correlated with growth rate during the previous 1–3 weeks but not with feeding rate. RNA:protein ratios were not different between mid-arm and mantle sample sites but arm tip values were significantly higher. RNA:protein ratio was related to body weight only in feeding animals. It is concluded that DGI is an index of feeding rate and that RNA:protein ratio can be used as an index of recent (~ 4 weeks) growth rate.

scholarly journals Including unsexed individuals in sex-specific growth models

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cóilín Minto ◽  
John Hinde ◽  
Rui Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Missing Data Problem ◽  
Data Problem

Sexually dimorphic growth models are typically estimated by fitting growth curves to individuals of known sex. Yet, macroscopically ascribing sex can be difficult, particularly for immature animals. As a result, sex-specific growth curves are often fit to known-sex individuals only, omitting unclassified immature individuals occupying an important region of the age–length space. We propose an alternative whereby the sex of the unclassified individuals is treated as a missing data problem to be estimated simultaneously with the sex-specific growth models. The mixture model that we develop includes the biological processes of growth and sexual dimorphism. Simulations show that where the assumed growth model holds, the method improves precision and bias of all parameters relative to the data omission case. Ability to chose the correct combination of sex-specific and sex-generic parameters is also improved. Application of the method to two shark species, where sex can be ascribed from birth, indicates improvements in the fit but also highlights the importance of the assumed model forms. The proposed method avoids discarding unclassified observations, thus improving our understanding of dimorphic growth.

scholarly journals Sex-specific growth in chicks of the sexually dimorphic Black-tailed Godwit

Ibis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Jelle Loonstra ◽  
Mo A. Verhoeven ◽  
Theunis Piersma
Keyword(s):  
Specific Growth ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic
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