scholarly journals Utilization of cinnamon Cinnamomum burmannii leaves and shrimp head in the feed on growth performance of catfish Pangasianodon hypopthalmus

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Suclyadi Dairun ◽  
Mia Setiawati ◽  
Muhammad Agus Suprayudi ◽  
Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Shrimp Head ◽  
Cinnamomum Burmannii

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Catfish farming has confronted with the problem of slow growth to reach the fillet size and less tender of fish fillets. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cinnamon leaf flour and shrimp head flour in formulated diets on growth of catfish <em>Pangasi</em><em>anodon</em><em> hypopthalamus</em>. Catfish with an initial weight of 207.04 ± 2.70 g/fish reared in 12 cages with a dimension of  2×1×1.5 m<sup>3</sup> (L×W×H)  and its fish density was 15 fishes for 60 days. Fish were fed with following experimental diets: (1) Control; (2) cinnamon leaf (1%) (CL); (3) 45% of protein source from shrimp head (SH); (4) CL+SH mix.  The fishes fed twice a day with feeding rate 3.5% of fish biomass. The study found that the use of cinnamon leaf and shrimp head increased the specific growth rate 1.67-1.70%, the feed efficiency 57.55-57.67%, and protein retention 55.61% compared to its control (P&lt;0.05). Triglyceride level, cholesterol, and blood HDL were 416.00-524.05 mg/dL, 139.65-156.68 mg/dL, 73.18-103.70 mg/dL (P&gt;0.05), respectively. HSI value ranged between 0.3-1.9% compared to its control (P&lt;0.05).</p><p>Keywords: <em>Cinnamomum burmannii</em>, feed, growth, <em>Pangasianodon hypopthalmus</em><em>, </em>shrimp head.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p>Budidaya ikan patin dihadapkan pada permasalahan pertumbuhan dan kualitas daging yaitu pertumbuhan yang lambat untuk mencapai ukuran <em>fillet</em> serta tekstur daging kurang kompak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan tepung daun kayu manis dan tepung kepala udang dalam pakan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan patin <em>Pangasi</em><em>anodon</em><em> hypopthalmus</em>. Ikan patin dengan bobot 207,04 ± 2,70 g/ekordipelihara selama 60 hari di hapa sebanyak 12 buah (berukuran 2×1×1,5 m<sup>3</sup>)dengan padat tebar 15 ekor/jaring. Ikan diberi pakan perlakuan yang terdiri dari: (1) Kontrol; (2) daun kayu manis 1% (DKM); (3) 45% sumber protein dari kepala udang (TKU); dan (4) campuran DKM+TKU. Pemberian pakan sebanyak 2 kali sehari dengan <em>feeding rate</em> 3,5% dari biomassa ikan. Hasil dari penelitian penggunaan daun kayu manis dan kepala udang meningkatkan nilai laju pertumbuhan harian 1,67-1,70%, efisiensi pakan 57,55-57,67% dan retensi protein 55,61% dibanding kontrol (P&lt;0,05). Kadar trigliserida, kolesterol, dan HDL darah berturut-turut adalah 416,00-524,05 mg/dL, 139,65-156,68 mg/dL, 73,18-103,70 mg/dL (P&gt;0,05). Nilai HSI ikan patin berkisar antara 0,3-1,9% dibanding kontrol (P&lt;0,05).</p><p>Kata kunci: <em>Cinnamomum burmannii, </em>kepala udang, pakan, <em>Pangasianodon hypopthalmus</em>, pertumbuhan.</p><p> </p>

NATURAL FEEDING OF SLUDGE WORMS (Tubifex sp.) WITH DIFFERENT FEEDING RATE ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF CTENOPOMA (Ctenopoma acutirostre) FISH SEEDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Atilah Setiawan ◽  
Muarif Muarif ◽  
Fia Sri Mumpuni
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The aim of this study was to determine the growth and survival rate of Ctenopoma fish seeds. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment in this study was a different feeding rate using natural feed of Tubifex sp  namely A (8%), B (10%), and C (12%) ). The test fish used was Ctenopoma fish seeds with an initial length of 2.40 ± 0.10 cm and an initial weight of 0.32 ± 0.05 g. Fish seeds are cultivated  for 28 days with feeding frequency twice a day. The results of research showed that the use of different feeding rate had an significantly different (P<0.05) on the specific growth  rate and absolute length growth with the best results in the treatment C. The survival rate was not significantly different between treatments (P>0.05). Key Words: Ctenopoma, feeding rate, growth, survival rate 

scholarly journals Cellulase hydrolyzed Indigofera zolingeriana leaf utilization as a feed ingredient for gourami fingerling

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Jefry Jefry ◽  
Mia Setiawati ◽  
Dedi Jusadi ◽  
Ichsan Achmad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study was aimed to evaluate the utilization of hydrolyzed Indigofera zolingeriana by celullase enzyme as the feed ingredient of gourami fish. This study used a completely randomized design which contained three steps, whereas each step contained four treatments and four replications. The first step performed by evaluating the Indigofera leaf meal (ILM) added with cellulase enzyme of 0 g/kg (control), 0.4 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg, and 1.2 g/kg. The second step was the digestibility test of ILM on gourami seeds. The third step was feed evaluation added with ILM as much as 0% (control), 15%, 30%, and 45% against the growth performance on gourami seeds. The gourami seeds used in the second and third steps with a weight of 13.65 ± 0.39 g/seed and 5.95 ± 0.15 g/seed, respectively. The addition of 0.8 g/kg and 1.2 g/kg cellulase enzyme could significantly decrease the crude fiber of ILM with 43.33%, besides having the best value of total, ingredient, protein, lipid, and energy digestibility. The growth performance of gourami seeds given 15% ILM added feed had the best value and insignificantly different from the control feed without ILM addition based on the specific growth rate (SGR), protein retention (PR), and feed efficiency (FE).          Keywords: Cellulase, feed, hydrolyze, Indigofera zolingeriana, Osphronemus gouramy.   ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pemanfaatan daun Indigofera zolingeriana yang dihidrolisis enzim selulase sebagai bahan baku pada pakan benih ikan gurami. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas tiga tahap, dimana masing-masing tahap terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Pada tahap pertama dilakukan evaluasi tepung daun Indigofera (TDI) yang ditambahkan enzim selulase sebesar 0 g/kg (kontrol), 0.4 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg, dan 1.2 g/kg. Pada tahap kedua dilakukan uji kecernaan bahan TDI pada benih ikan gurami. Pada tahap ketiga dilakukan evaluasi pakan yang ditambahkan TDI sebesar 0% (kontrol), 15%, 30% dan 45%  terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan pada benih ikan gurami. Benih ikan gurami yang digunakan pada penilitian tahap kedua dengan bobot 13.65 ± 0.39 g/ekor dan 5.95 ± 0.15 g/ekor. Penambahan enzim selulase pada dosis 0.8 g/kg dan 1.2 g/kg secara signifikan mampu menurunkan serat kasar TDI sebesar 43.33 % dan memberikan nilai terbaik terhadap nilai kecernaan total, kecernaan bahan, kecernaan protein, kecernaan lemak dan kecernaan energi. Kinerja pertumbuhan benih ikan gurami yang diberikan pakan yang ditambahkan TDI sebesar 15% memilki nilai terbaik dan tidak berbeda nyata terhadap pakan kontrol tanpa TDI dari aspek laju pertumbuhan spesifik (LPS), retensi protein (RP) dan efisiensi pakan (EP).   Kata kunci: Hidrolisis, Indigofera zolingeriana, Osphronemus gouramy, pakan, selulase.

scholarly journals Effects of the Feeding Rate on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Hematological Properties of Juvenile Mandarin Fish Siniperca scherzeri in a Recirculating Aquaculture System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8257
Author(s):  
Yi-Oh Kim ◽  
Sung-Yong Oh ◽  
Taewon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture System ◽  
Mandarin Fish ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Siniperca Scherzeri ◽  
Aquaculture System

The effects of feeding rate (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.0% body weight [BW] per day [BW day−1]) on the growth, body composition, and blood properties of juvenile mandarin fish, Siniperca scherzeri, (initial BW 18.4 ± 0.2 g) were investigated in a water recirculating aquaculture system. Triplicate groups of fish were fed an experimental diet (55.4% protein, 14.1% lipid) for 10 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate increased with increasing feeding rates of up to 2.5% BW day−1, after which no significant increase in growth was observed. Feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and protein retention were not significantly different among the fish fed 1–2.5% BW day−1 but decreased significantly in those fed 3.0% BW day−1. The lipid content of fish fed 2.5% BW day−1 was significantly higher than that at 0.5–1.5% BW day−1. The total plasma cholesterol content was significantly lower in fish fed 0.5 BW day−1 than fish provided with other feeding rates. Based on the growth, feed efficiency, body composition, and blood content analyses, including regression analysis, the optimal feeding rate for juvenile S. scherzeri weighing between 18 g and 54 g was estimated at 1.88–2.80% BW day−1 depending on weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency under 26.9 °C conditions.

EFFECT OF COMPOSITION AND PROCESSING OF DIETS ON PERFORMANCE OF HOLSTEIN STEERS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
B. A. Duck ◽  
H. H. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Improve Rate

Feeding trials involving a total of 78 Holstein steers and utilizing barley diets were conducted to determine the effects of vitamin E and trace minerals, hay, diethylstilbestrol, and physical form of the barley on rate of gain, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics.In the first trial, a basal diet containing 13.2% crude protein was used. Inclusion of a vitamin E, manganese, zinc, copper and sulfur supplement, 10% hay, or urea in the pelleted diets, or implantation with 9 mg of diethylstilbestrol at the initial weight of 92 kg did not improve rate of gain or dressing percent (P < 0.05). The inclusion of 10% hay reduced feed efficiency (P < 0.05).In the second trial in which dry-rolled, steam-rolled, dry-rolled and pelleted, and steam-rolled and pelleted barley diets were fed, the dry-rolled diet gave slower gains than the diets containing steam-rolled barley or steam-rolled, pelleted barley (P < 0.05). Implanting steers fed the steam-rolled, pelleted diet with 24 mg of diethylstilbestrol at 240 kg liveweight increased rate of gain over other treatments (P < 0.05). Treatments did not affect feed efficiency. Dressing percent was increased in steers fed steam-rolled barley in comparison with those fed dry-rolled barley.

PSVI-20 Extent of genetic variation in feeding behavior and genetic associations with performance and feed efficiency in crossbred growing cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 233-234
Author(s):  
David N Kelly ◽  
Roy D Sleator ◽  
Craig P Murphy ◽  
Stephen B Conroy ◽  
Donagh P Berry
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Event Duration ◽  
Growing Cattle

Abstract To the best of our knowledge, the genetic variability in feeding behavior, as well as relationships with performance and feed efficiency, has not been investigated in a cattle population of greater than 1,500 animals. Our objective was to quantify the genetic parameters of several feeding behavior traits, and their genetic associations with both performance and feed efficiency traits, in crossbred growing cattle. Feed intake and live-weight data were available on 6,088 bulls, steers and heifers; of these, 4,672 cattle had backfat and muscle ultrasound data, and 1,548 steers and heifers had feeding behavior data. Genetic (co)variance parameters were estimated using animal linear mixed models; fixed effects included test group, heterosis, recombination loss, dam parity, age in months at the end of test, and the two-way interaction between age in months at the end of test and sex. Heritability was estimated to be 0.51 (0.097), 0.61 (0.100), 0.44 (0.093), 0.48 (0.094), and 0.47 (0.095) for feed events per day, feeding time per day, feeding rate, feed event duration, and energy intake per feed event, respectively. Coefficients of genetic variation ranged from 0.11 (feeding time per day) to 0.22 (feed event duration). Genetically heavier cattle with a higher energy intake per day, and faster growth rate, had a faster feeding rate and a greater energy intake per feed event. Genetic correlations between feeding behavior and feed efficiency were generally not different from zero, however, there was a genetic correlation of 0.36 (0.11) between feeding time per day and residual energy intake. Significant heritable and exploitable genetic variation exists in several feeding behavior traits in crossbred growing cattle which are also correlated with several performance traits. As some feeding behavior traits may be relatively less resource intensive to measure, they could be useful as predictor traits in beef cattle genetic evaluations.

scholarly journals Association of Feed Efficiency, Feeding Rate, and Behaviour with the Milk Performance of Dairy Cows

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-694
Author(s):  
Lenka Krpálková ◽  
Niall O’Mahony ◽  
Anderson Carvalho ◽  
Sean Campbell ◽  
Gerard Corkery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Milk Performance

Identification of the associations of cow feed efficiency with feeding behaviour and milk production is important for supporting recommendations of strategies that optimise milk yield. The objective of this study was to identify associations between measures of feed efficiency, feed intake, feeding rate, rumination time, feeding time, and milk production using data collected from 26 dairy cows during a 3 month period in 2018. Cows averaged (mean ± standard deviation) 2.2 ± 1.7 lactations, 128 ± 40 days in milk, 27.5 ± 5.5 kg/day milk, 1.95 ± 0.69 kg feed/1 kg milk—the measure used to express feed conversion ratio (FCR), 575 ± 72 min/day rumination time, and 264 ± 67 min/day feeding time during the observation period. The coefficient of variation for rumination time (min/d) was 12.5%. A mixed linear model was selected for analyses. The most feed inefficient cows with the highest FCR (≥2.6 kg feed/1 kg milk) showed the lowest milk yield (24.8 kg/day), highest feed intake (78.8 kg), highest feeding rate (0.26 kg/min) and BCS (3.35 point). However, the relative milk yield (milk yield per 100 kg of body weight) was the highest (4.01 kg/day) in the most efficient group with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk). Our study showed that the most efficient cows with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk) had the highest rumination time (597 min/day; p < 0.05), feeding time (298 min/day; p < 0.05), rumination/activity ratio (4.39; p < 0.05) and rumination/feeding ratio (2.04; p < 0.05). Less active cows (activity time 164 min/day; p < 0.05) were the most efficient cows with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk). The behavioural differences observed in this study provide new insight into the association of feed behaviour and feed efficiency with milk performance. Incorporating feeding behaviour into the dry matter intake model can improve its accuracy in the future and benefit breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Survival and growth responses of snakehead fish Channa striata Bloch. juvenile in aerated and unaerated acid sulfate water

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
, Purnamawati ◽  
Daniel Djokosetiyanto ◽  
Kukuh Nirmala ◽  
Enang Harris ◽  
Ridwan Affandi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Channa Striata

<p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p> </p><p>The aim of the research was to analyze survival rate, specific growth rate, albumin, and feed efficiency and physiological (blood glucose, cortisol, dan haemoglobin) responses of snake head fish juvenil that reared at aerated and unaerated of tidal land water have been conducted in the laboratory. Experiments using completely randomized design with aerated and unaerated as a treatment, and each treatment has twelve replications. The snakehead fish juvenil wich length 2.4±0.2 cm and weight of 0.21±0.05 g reared in the aquarium that are size 30×25×35 cm (water volume 25 L) with a stocking density 2 juvenile/L, for 40 days. The fishes were fed with commercial feed with protein content about 40%, feeding two times a day (morning and afternoon) were at satiation. Replacement of water done every two days about 10% of the total water volume in the aquarium. The results showed that unaerated median significantly affected to biometric and physiological response of juvenile of snake head fish. The media un-aerated gives the best results shown by the higher value of survival (92%), specific growth rate (6.73%/ day), feed efficiency (78.22%), protein retention (41.91%), energy retention (30.81%) value of albumin (6.60 g/100 mL) and the haemoglobin (5.58 g/dL), and have the lowest value of cortisol (21.49 ng/L) and blood glucose (43.36 mg/100 mL).</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: acid sulfate water, growth rate, aeration, <em>Channa striata </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRAK </strong></p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respons kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan spesifik, albumin, dan efisiensi pakan dan fisiologis (kortisol, glukosa darah, dan hemoglobin) juvenil ikan gabus yang dipelihara dengan dan tanpa aerasi pada media air rawa pasang surut. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan aerasi dan tanpa aerasi sebagai perlakuan, dan masing-masing perlakuan memiliki 12 ulangan. Juvenil ikan gabus berukuran panjang 2,4±0,3 cm dan bobot 0,21±0,03 g dipelihara dalam akuarium 30×25×35 cm (volume 25 L) dengan padat tebar 2 ekor/L, selama 40 hari. Ikan diberi pakan berupa pakan komersial dengan kadar protein ±40%, pemberian pakan dua kali sehari (pagi dan sore) <em>at satiation</em>. Penggantian air dan penyiponan dilakukan dua hari sekali sebanyak 10% dari volume total dalam akuarium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tanpa aerasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap respons biometrik dan fisiologis juvenil ikan gabus. Media tanpa aerasi memberikan hasil yang lebih baik ditunjukkan oleh kelangsungan hidup (92%), laju pertumbuhan spesifik (6,73%/ hari), efisiensi pakan (78,22%), retensi protein (41,91%), retensi energi (30,81%), kadar albumin (6,60 g/100 mL), dan hemoglobin (5,85 g/dL) yang lebih tinggi, sedangkan kadar kortisol (219 ng/L) dan glukosa darah (43,36 mg/100 mL) yang terendah.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci: media sulfat masam, pertumbuhan, aerasi, <em>Channa striata</em></p>

scholarly journals Using shrimp head meal as protein replacement of fish meal in diets for juvenile of Totoaba macdonaldi (Gilbert, 1890)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465
Author(s):  
Luis Daniel Espinosa-Chaurand ◽  
Antonio Silva-Loera ◽  
Zaúl García-Esquivel ◽  
Lus Mercedes López-Acuña
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Apparent Digestibility Coefficient ◽  
Shrimp Head ◽  
Totoaba Macdonaldi

In diets for Totoaba macdonaldi juveniles (26.3 ± 4.7g y 13.6 ± 1cm) the partial replacement of fishmeal protein (HP) with shrimp head meal (HCC) was evaluated, over their growth, survival, fed conversion (FCA) and chemical composition of tissues and the apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter (CDA), protein (CDAP) and lipids (CDAL) of these diets. The HCC used were from the whole shrimp head sun dried (F) and smashed shrimp head dehydrated in a hot air drier. Diets were isoproteic (55.5% crude protein), isolipídic (15% lipids) and isocaloric (4.6 kcal g-1) replacing 0% (control diet; DC), 15% (F15 and M15) and 30% (F30 and M30) of the HP protein by the HCC. At 57th day, survival with HCC (99.44 ± 1.92%) was higher than DC (88.89 ± 3.85 %). The gain weight, weight specific growth (TCE) and total intake were not statistically different (P > 0.05) between organisms feed with HCC, however with the M30 diet the TCE had higher average (0.99 ± 0.06) and growth (19.82 ± 1.64 g/fish). With diet M30 the FCA was the best significantly (1.61 ± 0.13) and the higher CDA (66.18 ± 1.28), CDAP (86.51 ± 0.53) and CDAL (72.29 ± 1.10). It concluded that replaced protein of HP by HCC in diet for juvenile totoaba improved the growth and CDAs, yielding better results with the inclusion of macerated HCC with a replacement level of 30%.

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