scholarly journals Socio-demographic factors associated with self-protecting behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 691-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas W. Papageorge ◽  
Matthew V. Zahn ◽  
Michèle Belot ◽  
Eline van den Broek-Altenburg ◽  
Syngjoo Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Housing Quality ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

AbstractGiven the role of human behavior in the spread of disease, it is vital to understand what drives people to engage in or refrain from health-related behaviors during a pandemic. This paper examines factors associated with the adoption of self-protective health behaviors, such as social distancing and mask wearing, at the start of the Covid-19 pandemic in the USA. These behaviors not only reduce an individual’s own risk of infection but also limit the spread of disease to others. Despite these dual benefits, universal adoption of these behaviors is not assured. We focus on the role of socioeconomic differences in explaining behavior, relying on data collected in April 2020 during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic. The data include information on income, gender and race along with unique variables relevant to the current pandemic, such as work arrangements and housing quality. We find that higher income is associated with larger changes in self-protective behaviors. These gradients are partially explained by the fact that people with less income are more likely to report circumstances that make adopting self-protective behaviors more difficult, such as an inability to tele-work. Both in the USA and elsewhere, policies that assume universal compliance with self-protective measures—or that otherwise do not account for socioeconomic differences in the costs of doing so—are unlikely to be effective or sustainable.

GOING OUT NORMALLY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: INSIGHTS ABOUT THE LACK OF ADHESION TO SOCIAL DISTANCING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Mateus Joaquim ◽  
André Luiz Braule Pinto ◽  
Rafaela Ferreira Guatimosim ◽  
Jonas Jardim de Paula ◽  
Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira Serpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
Second Wave

The population's adhesion to measures to ensure social distancing represents a great management challenge. Evidence has shown that social distancing is effective. However, it is challenging to separate government measures from social distancing driven by personal initiatives. Theory: It is possible that the output of protective behaviors, such as adherence to protective measures and staying in social isolation, is influenced by individual characteristics, such as personality traits or symptoms of mental distress of anxiogenic nature. We hypothesized that individuals with more expressive symptoms of fear or anxiety would have a more protective behavioral tendency in terms of risk exposure, leaving less home during the pandemic. In contrast, individuals with greater emotional stability, as they feel more secure and with a lower perception of risk, could go out more often.Material and Methods: A total of 2709 individuals from all regions of Brazil participated in the study (mean age = 42 years; 2134 women). Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between personality traits according to the big five model and Psychopathological Symptoms (BSI). Then investigate how people that go out usually differ from people that stay at home, in both symptoms and personality traits. Finally, to investigate the predictors for going out usually, we use multiple regression analysis, using gender, marital status, level of education, and personality traits. Results: During the second wave of COVID-19 in Brazil, individuals with higher emotional stability tended to leave home more than those with more expressive levels of anxiogenic dysregulation. These results reinforce the role of both personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in prophylactic behavior during COVID-19 pandemics.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUNJUNGAN IBU BALITA KE POSYANDU: LITERATUR REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Emilia Yunritati Rehing ◽  
Antono Suryoputro ◽  
Sakundarno Adi
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Community Health Service ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Improve Health

AbstrakPosyandu merupakan suatu kegiatan pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat yang dikelola bersama sebagai upaya dalam peningkatan kesehatan. Kegiatan posyandu salah satunya yakni untuk memantau pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita. Posyandu balita dilakukan secara rutin sesuai dengan yang jadwalkan dan perlunya peran aktif ibu yang memiliki anak balita untuk melakukan kunjungan guna mendapat penyuluhan terkait kesehatan, pemantauan tumbuh kembang anak, pemberian vitamin, dan imunisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kunjungan balita ke Posyandu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan factor kunjungan posyandu antara lain pengetahuan, pekerjaan ibu, peran kader dan petugas kesehatan, dukungan keluarga, jarak posyandu, pendidikan ibu, sikap, motivasi, kepemilikan KMS. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan literature riview yaitu sebanyak 10 artikel dan dipublikasikan 5 tahun terakhir yaitu tahun 2017-2021. Pencarian artikel dengan menggunakan google scolar dan science direct. Kata Kunci: Kunjungan Posyandu, Ibu, Balita Abstract Posyandu is a community health service activity that is jointly managed as an effort to improve health. One of the posyandu activities is for the growth and development of children under five. Posyandu for toddlers are carried out regularly as scheduled and the need for an active role for mothers with children under five to make visits to get health-related education, warnings on child development, offer vitamins, and immunization. This study aims to determine the factors associated with under-five visits to Posyandu. The results showed that the posyandu visit factors included knowledge, maternal occupation, the role of cadres and health workers, family support, distance of posyandu, mother's education, attitudes, motivation, ownership of KMS. This research was conducted using a literature review of 10 articles and published in the last 5 years, namely 2017-2021. Search for articles using google scolar and science direct. Keywords: Posyandu visits, mothers, toddlers

scholarly journals P142 Factors associated with change in health-related quality of life in people living with gout: a three-year prospective cohort study in primary care

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Watson ◽  
John Belcher ◽  
Elaine Nicholls ◽  
Priyanka Chandratre ◽  
Milisa Blagojevic-Bucknall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background Gout affects 2.5% of adults in the UK but is often poorly managed. It can impair health-related quality of life (HRQOL), yet little is known about which people with gout are at risk of worse outcomes. We investigated factors associated with change in HRQOL over a three-year period in people living with gout in primary care. Methods People with gout registered with 20 general practices in the West Midlands completed the Gout Impact Scale (GIS), Short-Form-36 Physical Function subscale (PF10) and health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI) at five time-points (baseline & 6, 12, 24 and 36 months) via postal questionnaire. Linear mixed modelling (LMM) with multivariate adjustment for baseline and time-varying covariates was used to investigate gout-specific, comorbid and socio-demographic factors associated with change in the Concern Overall (GIS-CO), PF10 and HAQ-DI over three years. Higher scores are worse for GIS-CO and HAQ-DI, but better for PF10. Results Of 1,184 baseline respondents, 818 (80%), 721 (73%), 696 (75%), 605 (68%) responded at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months respectively. Mean age (SD) at baseline was 65.6 (12.5) years. 990 (84%) were male, 494 (42%) reported >2 gout flares in the previous year, 624 (54%) were taking allopurinol and 318 (27%) had an eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m2. Factors identified as being associated with a deterioration in HRQOL over three years (table), were gout flare frequency (GIS-CO, PF10), history of oligo/polyarticular flares (GIS-CO, HAQ-DI), having a flare currently (GIS-CO), allopurinol use (PF10), having body pain (GIS-CO, PF10, HAQ-DI), higher pain severity (GIS-CO, PF10, HAQ-DI), number of comorbidities (PF10), eGFR <60mL/min/1.73m2 (PF10, HAQ-DI), anxiety (GIS-CO), depression (PF10, HAQ-DI), and older age (PF10, HAQ-DI). Factors associated with an improvement in HRQOL were longer gout duration (GIS-CO), older age (GIS-CO), lower socioeconomic deprivation (PF10, HAQ-DI) and more frequent alcohol consumption (PF10, HAQ-DI). Conclusion Gout-specific, comorbid and socio-demographic factors associated with change in HRQOL over a three-year period in people living with gout in primary care were identified, highlighting people at risk of worse outcomes over three years and at greatest need of urate-lowering therapy and other targeted interventions. Disclosures L. Watson None. J. Belcher None. E. Nicholls None. P. Chandratre None. M. Blagojevic-Bucknall None. S. Hider None. S.A. Lawton None. C.D. Mallen None. S. Muller None. K. Rome None. E. Roddy None.

Factors associated with health-related quality of life: the role of social relationships among the elderly in an Italian region

Public Health ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 784-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. de Belvis ◽  
M. Avolio ◽  
A. Spagnolo ◽  
G. Damiani ◽  
L. Sicuro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Italian Region ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

scholarly journals Modeling the spread of Covid-19 under active management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Cherednik
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Phase Solution ◽  
Late Stages

Classical approaches to modeling the spread of epidemics are based on two assumptions: the exponential growth of the total number of infections and the saturation due to the herd immunity. With Covid-19, the growth is essentially power-type, especially during the middle stages, and the saturation is currently mostly due to the protective measures. Focusing on these features and the role of epidemic management, we obtain differential equations for the total number of detected cases of Covid-19, which describe the actual curves in many countries almost with the accuracy of physics laws. The two-phase solution we propose works very well almost for the whole periods of the spread practically in all countries we analyzed that reached the saturation during the first waves. Bessel functions play the key role in our approach. Due to a very small number of parameters, namely, the initial transmission rate and the intensity of the hard and soft measures, we obtain a convincing explanation of the surprising uniformity of the curves of the total numbers of detected infections in many different areas. This theory can serve as a tool for forecasting the epidemic spread and evaluating the efficiency of the protective measures, which is very much needed for epidemics. As its practical application, the computer programs aimed at providing projections for late stages of Covid-19 proved to be remarkably stable in many countries, including Western Europe, the USA and some in Asia. We provide a projection for the saturation of the 3rd wave in the USA: the corresponding number of total, detected or not, cases can presumably reach then the herd immunity levels (G-strains). This can be used to analyze the efficiency of the vaccinations.

scholarly journals The Role of Unemployment in the Rise in Alternative Work Arrangements

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence F. Katz ◽  
Alan B. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Alternative Work Arrangements ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Alternative Work ◽  
Traditional Work

The share of U.S. workers in alternative work arrangements has increased substantially in recent decades. Micro longitudinal analyses show that unemployed workers are much more likely to transition into alternative work arrangements than other workers. Macro time-series evidence shows that weak labor market conditions lead to an increase in non-traditional work. But the estimated magnitudes imply that the Great Recession and high unemployment in the 2000s can account for only a modest part of the rise in alternative work. Secular factors associated with rising inequality and technological changes making it easier to contract out work appear to be the driving forces.

scholarly journals Health-related Quality of Life among Community Pharmacists

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Fahad I. Al-Saikhan ◽  
Nehad J. Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Health State ◽  
Practice Setting ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Duke Health Profile

Introduction: The role of community pharmacists (CPs) has kept on changing. Due to the evolving role of CPs, it is important to know its impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among CPs. Besides, the literature on the HRQoL of CPs is not being enriched, there is an urge to carry out a study to evaluate the HRQoL among CPs. This study aimed to examine the association between the socio-demographic factors and the HR QoLamong CPs. Methodology: A set of questions related to the HRQoL has been adopted from a pre-validated questionnaire, the Duke Health Profile and contextualized it to measure study outcomes. The target population in this study was the registered CPs that were practicing. The site of the study included all the chain and independent pharmacies. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0 was used to analyze the data and the significance level was set at p≤ 0.05. Various domains of the Duke Health Profile (DHP) were calculated using the provided formula. Results: A total of 172 respondents were included in this study. Several HRQoL domains were significantly associated with socio-demographic factors. The univariate analysis illustrated that mental and general health state had significant associations with age, practice setting was significantly associated with the mental health state, the salary was significantly associated with self-esteem and mental health was significantly associated with length of service and practice setting. Dysfunction dimensions of anxiety, anxiety-depression, and pain were significantly associated with gender. Conclusion: Gender, age, length of service, salary and practice setting were the risk factors for  HRQoL among CPs.

scholarly journals Worry, Perceived Threat and Media Communication as Predictors of Self-Protective Behaviors During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Vacondio ◽  
Giulia Priolo ◽  
Stephan Dickert ◽  
Nicolao Bonini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Seasonal Flu

Efforts to contain the spread of the coronavirus emphasize the central role of citizens’ compliance with self-protective behaviors. Understanding the processes underlying the decision to self-protect is, therefore, essential for effective risk communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the present study, we investigate the determinants of perceived threat and engagement in self-protective measures in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Austria during the first wave of the pandemic. The type of disease (coronavirus vs. seasonal flu) and the type of numerical information regarding the disease (number of recovered vs. number of dead) were manipulated. Participants’ cognitive and emotional risk assessment as well as self-reported engagement in protective behaviors were measured. Results show that worry was the best predictor of perceived threat in all countries. Moreover, a path analysis revealed that worry and perceived threat serially mediated the effect of type of disease on engagement in self-protective behaviors. The numerical framing manipulation did not significantly impact behavior but had a direct effect on worry and an indirect effect on perceived threat. These results are in line with theoretical accounts that identify emotions as a central determinant for risk perception. Moreover, our findings also suggest that effective risk communication during the COVID-19 pandemic should not stress comparisons to other, well-known viral diseases, as this can ultimately reduce self-protective behaviors.

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