scholarly journals Exploring potential applications of optical lattice clocks in a plate subduction zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Tanaka ◽  
Hidetoshi Katori
Keyword(s):  
Optical Lattice ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Temporal Response ◽  
Height Variation ◽  
Height Difference ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Frequency Comparison ◽  
Averaging Time ◽  
Plate Subduction

AbstractOptical clocks improved the accuracy of state-of-the-art cesium clocks by more than two orders of magnitude and enabled frequency comparison with a fractional uncertainty of one part in 1018. Gravitational redshift of two such clocks allows determining their height difference with an uncertainty of 1 cm. In Europe, chronometric leveling has been extensively conducted for unifying the height reference systems. Temporal response of the leveling, which affords monitoring a cm height variation within hours of averaging time, may offer new opportunities to explore seismology and volcanology. Superb stability of optical lattice clocks will be best used for such applications. This article outlines the prospects of chronometric leveling in Japan. Combining optical lattice clocks with an existing observation network of GNSS, crustal deformations may be monitored with unprecedented accuracy in the future.

scholarly journals In vivo interactome profiling by enzyme‐catalyzed proximity labeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangfan Xu ◽  
Xianqun Fan ◽  
Yang Hu
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Current State ◽  
Protein Interactome ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction Networks ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

AbstractEnzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling (PL) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a revolutionary approach to reveal the protein-protein interaction networks, dissect complex biological processes, and characterize the subcellular proteome in a more physiological setting than before. The enzymatic tags are being upgraded to improve temporal and spatial resolution and obtain faster catalytic dynamics and higher catalytic efficiency. In vivo application of PL integrated with other state of the art techniques has recently been adapted in live animals and plants, allowing questions to be addressed that were previously inaccessible. It is timely to summarize the current state of PL-dependent interactome studies and their potential applications. We will focus on in vivo uses of newer versions of PL and highlight critical considerations for successful in vivo PL experiments that will provide novel insights into the protein interactome in the context of human diseases.

scholarly journals Efficient Graph Collaborative Filtering via Contrastive Learning

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4666
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Pan ◽  
Honghui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Filtering ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Representation Learning ◽  
First Order ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Bayesian Personalized Ranking ◽  
Graph Neural Networks ◽  
Training Efficiency

Collaborative filtering (CF) aims to make recommendations for users by detecting user’s preference from the historical user–item interactions. Existing graph neural networks (GNN) based methods achieve satisfactory performance by exploiting the high-order connectivity between users and items, however they suffer from the poor training efficiency problem and easily introduce bias for information propagation. Moreover, the widely applied Bayesian personalized ranking (BPR) loss is insufficient to provide supervision signals for training due to the extremely sparse observed interactions. To deal with the above issues, we propose the Efficient Graph Collaborative Filtering (EGCF) method. Specifically, EGCF adopts merely one-layer graph convolution to model the collaborative signal for users and items from the first-order neighbors in the user–item interactions. Moreover, we introduce contrastive learning to enhance the representation learning of users and items by deriving the self-supervisions, which is jointly trained with the supervised learning. Extensive experiments are conducted on two benchmark datasets, i.e., Yelp2018 and Amazon-book, and the experimental results demonstrate that EGCF can achieve the state-of-the-art performance in terms of Recall and normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG), especially on ranking the target items at right positions. In addition, EGCF shows obvious advantages in the training efficiency compared with the competitive baselines, making it practicable for potential applications.

scholarly journals Taxonomy, Diversity and Cultivation of the Oudemansielloid/Xeruloid Taxa Hymenopellis, Mucidula, Oudemansiella, and Xerula with Respect to Their Bioactivities: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Allen Grace Niego ◽  
Olivier Raspé ◽  
Naritsada Thongklang ◽  
Rawiwan Charoensup ◽  
Saisamorn Lumyong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Commercial Applications

The oudemansielloid/xeruloid taxa Hymenopellis, Mucidula, Oudemansiella, and Xerula are genera of Basidiomycota that constitute an important resource of bioactive compounds. Numerous studies have shown antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other bioactivities of their extracts. The bioactive principles can be divided into two major groups: (a) hydrophilic polysaccharides with relatively high molecular weights and (b) low molecular medium polar secondary metabolites, such as the antifungal strobilurins. In this review, we summarize the state of the art on biodiversity, cultivation of the fungi and bioactivities of their secondary metabolites and discuss future applications. Although the strobilurins are well-documented, with commercial applications as agrochemical fungicides, there are also other known compounds from this group that have not yet been well-studied. Polysaccharides, dihydro-citrinone phenol A acid, scalusamides, and acetylenic lactones such as xerulin, also have potential applications in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and medicinal market and should be further explored. Further studies are recommended to isolate high quality bioactive compounds and fully understand their modes of action. Given that only few species of oudemansielloid/xeruloid mushrooms have been explored for their production of secondary metabolites, these taxa represent unexplored sources of potentially useful and novel bioactive metabolites.

Frequency comparison of optical lattice clocks

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Takamoto ◽  
Tetsushi Takano ◽  
Hidetoshi Katori
Keyword(s):  
Optical Lattice ◽  
Frequency Comparison

A Comprehensive Taxonomy of Dynamic Texture Representation

2023 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Thanh Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Phuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Made In

Representing dynamic textures (DTs) plays an important role in many real implementations in the computer vision community. Due to the turbulent and non-directional motions of DTs along with the negative impacts of different factors (e.g., environmental changes, noise, illumination, etc.), efficiently analyzing DTs has raised considerable challenges for the state-of-the-art approaches. For 20 years, many different techniques have been introduced to handle the above well-known issues for enhancing the performance. Those methods have shown valuable contributions, but the problems have been incompletely dealt with, particularly recognizing DTs on large-scale datasets. In this article, we present a comprehensive taxonomy of DT representation in order to purposefully give a thorough overview of the existing methods along with overall evaluations of their obtained performances. Accordingly, we arrange the methods into six canonical categories. Each of them is then taken in a brief presentation of its principal methodology stream and various related variants. The effectiveness levels of the state-of-the-art methods are then investigated and thoroughly discussed with respect to quantitative and qualitative evaluations in classifying DTs on benchmark datasets. Finally, we point out several potential applications and the remaining challenges that should be addressed in further directions. In comparison with two existing shallow DT surveys (i.e., the first one is out of date as it was made in 2005, while the newer one (published in 2016) is an inadequate overview), we believe that our proposed comprehensive taxonomy not only provides a better view of DT representation for the target readers but also stimulates future research activities.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Carbonization of Organic Waste and Biomass: A Review on Process, Reactor, and Plant Modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Ischia ◽  
Luca Fiori
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Intrinsic Complexity ◽  
Context Models

Abstract Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an emerging path to give a new life to organic waste and residual biomass. Fulfilling the principles of the circular economy, through HTC “unpleasant” organics can be transformed into useful materials and possibly energy carriers. The potential applications of HTC are tremendous and the recent literature is full of investigations. In this context, models capable to predict, simulate and optimize the HTC process, reactors, and plants are engineering tools that can significantly shift HTC research towards innovation by boosting the development of novel enterprises based on HTC technology. This review paper addresses such key-issue: where do we stand regarding the development of these tools? The literature presents many and simplified models to describe the reaction kinetics, some dealing with the process simulation, while few focused on the heart of an HTC system, the reactor. Statistical investigations and some life cycle assessment analyses also appear in the current state of the art. This work examines and analyzes these predicting tools, highlighting their potentialities and limits. Overall, the current models suffer from many aspects, from the lack of data to the intrinsic complexity of HTC reactions and HTC systems. Therefore, the emphasis is given to what is still necessary to make the HTC process duly simulated and therefore implementable on an industrial scale with sufficient predictive margins. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Oscillating Reactions Meet Polymers at Interfaces

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2957
Author(s):  
Alina Osypova ◽  
Matthias Dübner ◽  
Guido Panzarasa
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Brushes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Reaction Networks ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Bz Reaction ◽  
Oscillating Reactions ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Living Organisms

Chemo-mechanical phenomena, including oscillations and peristaltic motions, are widespread in nature—just think of heartbeats—thanks to the ability of living organisms to convert directly chemical energy into mechanical work. Their imitation with artificial systems is still an open challenge. Chemical clocks and oscillators (such as the popular Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction) are reaction networks characterized by the emergence of peculiar spatiotemporal dynamics. Their application to polymers at interfaces (grafted chains, layer-by-layer assemblies, and polymer brushes) offers great opportunities for developing novel smart biomimetic materials. Despite the wide field of potential applications, limited research has been carried out so far. Here, we aim to showcase the state-of-the-art of this fascinating field of investigation, highlighting the potential for future developments and providing a personal outlook.

scholarly journals Dynamic energy budget theory restores coherence in biology

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1557) ◽  
pp. 3413-3428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Sousa ◽  
Tiago Domingos ◽  
J.-C. Poggiale ◽  
S. A. L. M. Kooijman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budget ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Dynamic Energy Budget ◽  
Dynamic Energy Budget Theory ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Budget Theory ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Consistent Application

We present the state of the art of the development of dynamic energy budget theory, and its expected developments in the near future within the molecular, physiological and ecological domains. The degree of formalization in the set-up of the theory, with its roots in chemistry, physics, thermodynamics, evolution and the consistent application of Occam's razor, is discussed. We place the various contributions in the theme issue within this theoretical setting, and sketch the scope of actual and potential applications.

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