scholarly journals Eye tracking and attentional bias for depressive internet memes in depression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umair Akram ◽  
Jason G. Ellis ◽  
Glhenda Cau ◽  
Frayer Hershaw ◽  
Ashlieen Rajenthran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Type Interaction

AbstractPrevious research highlights the potential benefits of engaging with depressive internet memes for those experiencing symptoms of depression. This study aimed to determine whether: compared to non-depressed controls, individuals experiencing depressive symptoms were quicker to orient and maintain overall attention for internet memes depicting depressive content relative to neutral memes. N = 21 individuals were grouped based on the severity of reported depression symptoms using the PhQ-9. Specifically, a score of:  ≤ 4 denoted the control group; and  ≥ 15 the depressive symptoms group. Participants viewed a series of meme pairs depicting depressive and neutral memes for periods of 4000 ms. Data for the first fixation onset and duration, total fixation count and total fixation and gaze duration of eye-movements were recorded. A significant group x meme-type interaction indicated that participants with depressive symptoms displayed significantly more fixations on depressive rather than neutral memes. These outcomes provide suggestive evidence for the notion that depressive symptoms are associated with an attentional bias towards socio-emotionally salient stimuli.

scholarly journals Group Therapy to Reduce Depression Symptoms in Refugee Immigrants Terapi Kelompok untuk Menurunkan Gejala Depresi pada Imigran Pengungsi

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Yudi Kurniawan ◽  
Anna Dian Savitri
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Group Therapy ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Refugee Immigrants

This study aims to measure the decline in depressive symptoms experienced by refugee immigrants through group therapy. Group therapy is used as an intervention to reduce symptoms of depression. The hypothesis was that there was a difference in depressive symptoms score between the experimental and the control group of the immigrant refugee after being given group therapy. This research uses non randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects of the study were 10 immigrants of 30-40-year-old female refugees, divided into experimental and control groups. Non-parametric statistical analysis Mann-Whitney U showed no difference in depressive symptoms score between refugee immigrants experimental group and control group, p = 0,009 (p <0,05). Qualitative analysis shows there is a change of emotional expression on immigrant refugees in the experimental group. The results of this study are important as a study to understand the dynamics of urban clinical psychological problems, particularly those associated with refugee immigrants

Examining the Temporal Dynamics of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms During a Therapist-Supported, Smartphone-Based Intervention for Major Depression (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Allende ◽  
Valerie Forman-Hoffman ◽  
Philippe Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Highly Correlated

UNSTRUCTURED Background: Anxiety and depression symptoms are highly correlated in adults with depression; however, little is known about their interaction and temporal dynamics of change during treatment. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to examine the temporal dynamics of anxiety and depressive symptoms during a 12-week therapist-supported, smartphone-delivered digital health intervention for symptoms of depression and anxiety, the Meru Health Program (MHP). Method: A total of 290 participants from the MHP were included in the present analyses (age Mean = 39.64, SD = 10.25 years; 79% female; 54% self-reported psychotropic medication use). A variance components model was used to examine whether (1) reporting greater anxiety during the current week relative to anxiety reported in other weeks would be associated with greater reporting of depressive symptoms during the current week, while a time-varying effect model was used to examine whether, (2) consistent with findings reported by Wright et al. (2014), the temporal relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms during the intervention would be expressed as a quadratic function marked by a weak association at baseline, followed by an increase to a peak before demonstrating a negligible decrease until the end of treatment. Results: In support of hypothesis 1, we found that reporting greater anxiety symptoms during the current week relative to other weeks was associated with greater depressive symptoms during the current week. Contrary to hypothesis 2, the temporal relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms evidenced a recurring pattern, with the association increasing during the initial weeks, decreasing during mid-treatment and sharply increasing toward the end of treatment. Conclusions: The present findings demonstrate that anxiety and depressive symptoms overlap and fluctuate in concert during a smartphone-based intervention for anxiety and depressive symptoms. The present findings may warrant more refined intervention strategies specifically tailored to co-occurring patterns of change in symptoms.

scholarly journals Salivary cortisol responses to acute stress in students with myofascial pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djordje Bozovic ◽  
Nedeljka Ivkovic ◽  
Maja Racic ◽  
Sinisa Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Introduction/Objective. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by the appearance of musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction of the masticatory system. The aims of this study were to evaluate the salivary cortisol levels in students with chronic myofascial pain (MFP) related to TMD during oral exam, as well as to analyze the correlation between salivary cortisol levels, TMD-related MFP, the level of anxiety, depression symptoms, somatization, and perceived stress. Methods. The study included 60 university students, who were allocated either into the group of students with MFP (n = 30) or into the control group of healthy students (n = 30). The level of salivary cortisol was measured on the exam day and during the control day when the students had no exams. Depression symptoms, somatization, perceived stress and anxiety were evaluated according to Axis II RDC/TMD, Perceived Stress Scale and State?Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results. Levels of salivary cortisol were significantly higher in the group of students with MFP in all phases of measurements compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Students with MFP also showed significantly higher depression symptoms, somatization, and trait anxiety scores than the control group. No significant group differences were found on the scales measuring state anxiety and perceived stress. The level of salivary cortisol was found to be in correlation with depression symptoms, state anxiety, and perceived stress, but not with chronic pain, somatization, and trait anxiety in students with TMD. Conclusion. Salivary cortisol could be an important indicator of psychological distress in TMD.

scholarly journals Preventing depression in final year secondary students: School-based randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Perry ◽  
A Werner-Seidler ◽  
A Calear ◽  
A Mackinnon ◽  
C King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
School Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Control Intervention ◽  
The Impact

Background: Depression often emerges for the first time during adolescence. There is accumulating evidence that universal depression prevention programs may have the capacity to reduce the impact of depression when delivered in the school environment. Objective: This trial investigated the effectiveness of SPARX-R, a gamified online cognitive behavior therapy intervention for the prevention of depression relative to an attention-matched control intervention delivered to students prior to facing a significant stressor-final secondary school exams. It was hypothesized that delivering a prevention intervention in advance of a stressor would reduce depressive symptoms relative to the control group. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 10 government schools in Sydney, Australia. Participants were 540 final year secondary students (mean 16.7 [SD 0.51] years), and clusters at the school level were randomly allocated to SPARX-R or the control intervention. Interventions were delivered weekly in 7 modules, each taking approximately 20 to 30 minutes to complete. The primary outcome was symptoms of depression as measured by the Major Depression Inventory. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed. Results: Compared to controls, participants in the SPARX-R condition (n=242) showed significantly reduced depression symptoms relative to the control (n=298) at post-intervention (Cohen d=0.29) and 6 months post-baseline (d=0.21) but not at 18 months post-baseline (d=0.33). Conclusions: This is the first trial to demonstrate a preventive effect on depressive symptoms prior to a significant and universal stressor in adolescents. It demonstrates that an online intervention delivered in advance of a stressful experience can reduce the impact of such an event on the potential development or exacerbation of depression.

The Effect of Expressive Writing on Symptoms of Depression in College Students: Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-450
Author(s):  
Sarah M. C. Robertson ◽  
Stephen D. Short ◽  
Abigail Asper ◽  
Kelly Venezia ◽  
Catherine Yetman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
First Year ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Physician Visits ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Introduction: The first year of college can be particularly difficult for students, as they typically face a number of emotional, developmental, social, and financial challenges. Expressive writing (EW) is a writing intervention that requires participants to write about their thoughts and feelings related to a particular event over several days. Methods: Participants in this study included 90 first-year undergraduate students. Participants were assigned to the EW condition (writing about their thoughts and feelings related to their transition to college) or a control condition (writing about any object or event of their choosing). Participants completed 3 consecutive days of writing, and then completed two follow-up visits that occurred one month and six months post-intervention. Participants were divided into two groups based on their initial depression scores (one group with minimal symptoms, and a second group with mild/moderate/severe symptoms). Results: Among participants in the mild/moderate/severe group, those in the EW condition demonstrated significant decreases in depression symptoms over the six-month study period, while participants in the control condition did not. Among this same subset of participants, those in the EW condition also demonstrated significantly fewer physician visits due to physical illness when compared to the control group. Changes in depression and physical illness visits were not found for participants with minimal symptoms of depression. Discussion: EW is a low-cost procedure that has been empirically demonstrated to alleviate symptoms of depression six months post-intervention. However, this finding only held for participants who were initially categorized in the group of participants with mild/moderate/severe symptoms of depression (as opposed to those participants initially categorized with minimal symptoms of depression). Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.

Effects of Group-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Coaching Program on Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Inmates in a Nigerian Prison

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1589-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiedu Eseadi ◽  
Mabel A. Obidoa ◽  
Shulamite E. Ogbuabor ◽  
Amaka B. Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Coaching ◽  
Male Inmates ◽  
And Control

This study investigated the effects that a group-focused cognitive-behavioral coaching program had on depressive symptoms of a sample of inmates from Nsukka Prisons, Enugu State, Nigeria. The design of the study was pretest–posttest control group . The participants were 30 male inmates, experiencing high levels of depressive symptoms, and randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. The primary outcome measure was depression symptoms as measured using Beck’s Depression Inventory. Repeated-measures ANOVA and the Mann–Whitney U Test were used for data analysis. Results show that exposing inmates to the group-focused cognitive-behavioral coaching program significantly reduced the depressive symptoms of inmates in the treatment group compared with those in the control group. Our results support the use of cognitive-behavioral coaching interventions designed to assist the severely depressed inmates in Nigeria. Further studies should be conducted both in other states of Nigeria and in other countries.

QUALITY OF LIFE AND DEPRESSION IN WAR-RELATED THE ENDURING PERSONALITY CHANGE AFTER CATASTROPHIC EXPERIENCE (F62.0)

Psymedica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Stojaković ◽  
S. Medenlica ◽  
Bogdan Stojakovic
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
And Control

GOALS: The authors' objective is to analyze Quality of Life (QoL) and depression in the Enduring personality change after catastrophic expirience (F62.0)SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In study we include 120 adult men, 60 subjects with diagnosis F62.0. according to ICD-10 (experimental group) and 60 adult men veterans without the diagnosis of F62.0 (control group). The subjects were assessed with the standardized psychometric instruments.RESULTS: In subjects with Enduring personality change (F62.0) assessment of QoL shows differences in some segments that are important for further monitoring and analysis. The results of the depression in experimental and control group show statistically significance on level (p< 0.05) for baseline visit and follow-up visit.CONCLUSIONS: The statistical relationship between level of combat exposure and war-related F62.0. depression symptoms and QoL, suggests that it may take time for the consequences of traumatic exposure to become apparent. Moreover, degree of exposure may be important in predicting the eventual development of symptoms and precipitation of F62.0. Continued follow-up will address the evolution of PTSD symptoms in war related PTSD. The results indicate the importance of further monitoring and analysis symptoms of depression in F62.0 and QoL.

Frequency and heritability of depression symptomatology in the second half of life: evidence from Danish twins over 45

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1175-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. JOHNSON ◽  
M. McGUE ◽  
D. GAIST ◽  
J. W. VAUPEL ◽  
K. CHRISTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Genetic Origins ◽  
Depression Symptomatology ◽  
Special Risk

Background. Self-reported depressive symptoms among the elderly have generated considerable interest because they are readily available measures of overall well-being in a population often thought to be at special risk for mental disorder.Method. The heritability of depression symptoms was investigated in a sample of 2169 pairs of Danish twins (1033 MZ and 1136 same sex DZ) ranging in age from 45 to over 95. Twins completed an interview assessment that identified symptoms of depression, which were scored on Affective, Somatic and Total scales.Results. Overall heritability estimates (a2) for the Affective (a2 = 0.27, (95% CI 0.22–0.32)). Somatic (a2 = 0.26, (0.21–0.32)), and Total (a2 = 0.29, (0.22–0.34)) scales were all moderate, statistically significant and similar to results from other studies. To assess possible variations in heritability across the wide age span, the sample was stratified into age groups in increments of 10 years. The magnitude of heritable influence did not vary significantly with age or sex. Somatic scale heritability tended to be greater for females than for males, though this difference was not statistically significant. The genetic correlation between the Affective and Somatic scales was 0.71, suggesting substantial common genetic origins.Conclusions. Though the frequency of self-reported depressive symptoms increased with age in this sample, their heritability did not.

scholarly journals Quality of Life: Psychological Symptoms—Effects of a 2-Month Healthy Diet and Nutraceutical Intervention; A Randomized, Open-Label Intervention Trial (RISTOMED)

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Isabelle Bourdel-Marchasson ◽  
Rita Ostan ◽  
Sophie C Regueme ◽  
Alessandro Pinto ◽  
Florence Pryen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters

Depression symptoms and lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are associated with inflammation. This multicenter dietary intervention was shown to reduce inflammation in older people. This was the main outcome. Here, we describe the effects on HRQoL, anxiety, and depressive symptoms according to inflammation status. Overall, 125 healthy older subjects (65–80 year) were recruited (Italy, France, and Germany) and randomized into four arms (A, Healthy diet (HD); B, HD plus De Simone Formulation probiotic blend; C, HD plus AISA d-Limonene; D, HD plus Argan oil). The HD was weight maintaining, rich in antioxidant vitamins, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids (n6: n3 ratio = 3:1), and fiber. Data on inflammatory parameters, mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) component summaries of HRQoL (SF−36), anxiety symptoms (STAI state), and depressive symptoms (CES-D) were collected before and after 56 days of intervention. Body fat mass proportion (BFM) was considered a co-variable. A decrease of CES-D score was seen in the four arms (A: −40.0%, p = 0.001; B: −32.5%, p = 0.023; C: −42.8%, p = 0.004; and D: −33.3%, p = 0.21). Within the subgroups of subjects with medium/high inflammation a similar decrease in CES-D score occurred in all groups (A: −44.8%, p = 0.021; B, −46.7%, p = 0.024; C, −52.2%, p = 0.039; D, −43.8%, p = 0.037). The effect of interventions on CES-D was not related to baseline inflammation. MCS-HRQoL improved in A and C. There was no change in anxiety or PCS-HRQoL. In this trial with no control group, a decrease in depressive symptoms in healthy older volunteers was observed after a 2-month healthy diet intervention, independently of inflammation but with possible limitations due to participation.

scholarly journals Symptoms of Depression in Patients with Chemosensory Disorders

ORL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Ben Chen ◽  
Cara Benzien ◽  
Vanda Faria ◽  
Yuping Ning ◽  
Mandy Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Emotional Dysfunction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Taste Dysfunction

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Patients with chemosensory dysfunction frequently report symptoms of depression. The current study aims to clarify whether the type (smell dysfunction, taste dysfunction, and mixed smell and taste dysfunction), severity, duration, or cause of dysfunction have differential impacts on the symptoms of depression. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 899 patients with chemosensory disorders and 62 controls were included. Following a structured interview and an otorhinolaryngological examination, subjects underwent olfactory tests (Sniffin’ Sticks), gustatory tests (taste sprays) and an assessment of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory). Information on the cause and duration of disorders was also collected. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients with combined olfactory/gustatory dysfunction had higher depression scores than patients with smell dysfunction only and controls, and no significant difference was found between the smell dysfunction and controls. Anosmia patients, but not hyposmia patients, exhibited higher depression scores than controls. Among various causes of chemosensory disorders, patients from the posttraumatic group had higher depression scores than patients with other causes of chemosensory dysfunction (sinonasal, idiopathic, or postinfectious). Multiple linear regression analyses suggested that reduced olfactory function was associated with enhanced depression scores in the olfactory disorders group (<i>B</i> = −0.326, <i>t</i> = −2.294, and <i>p</i> = 0.02) and in all patients with chemosensory disorders (<i>B</i> = −0.374, <i>t</i> = −2.550, <i>p</i> = 0.017). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Simultaneously decreased input of olfaction and gustation seems to have an additive effect on the exacerbation of emotional dysfunction. Early intervention should be considered for depression symptoms in patients with mixed olfactory/gustatory dysfunction in clinical practice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document