Diversity of bacterial symbionts associated with Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidinae) revealed by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing

Abstract Aphids are known to be associated with a variety of symbiotic bacteria. To improve our knowledge of the bacterial diversity of polyphagous aphids, in the present study, we investigated the microbiota of the cosmopolitan agricultural pest Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Ninety-two aphid samples collected from different host plants in various regions of China were examined using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. We comprehensively characterized the symbiont diversity of M. persicae and assessed the variations in aphid-associated symbiont communities. We detected a higher diversity of symbionts than has been previously observed. M. persicae hosted the primary endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola and seven secondary symbionts, among which Wolbachia was the most prevalent and Rickettsia, Arsenophonus, and Spiroplasma were reported for the first time. Ordination analyses and statistical tests revealed that the symbiont flora associated with M. persicae did not change with respect to host plant or geography, which may be due to frequent migrations between different aphid populations. These findings will advance our knowledge of the microbiota of polyphagous insects and will enrich our understanding of assembly of host-microbiome systems.

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Suppression of Plant Defenses by a Myzus persicae (Green Peach Aphid) Salivary Effector Protein

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-01-14-0018-r ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (7) ◽

pp. 747-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Dezi A. Elzinga ◽

Martin De Vos ◽

Georg Jander

Keyword(s):

Myzus Persicae ◽

Host Plants ◽

Green Peach Aphid ◽

Salivary Protein ◽

Aphid Species ◽

Salivary Proteins ◽

Buchnera Aphidicola ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Species Specific ◽

Phloem Feeding

The complex interactions between aphids and their host plant are species-specific and involve multiple layers of recognition and defense. Aphid salivary proteins, which are released into the plant during phloem feeding, are a likely mediator of these interactions. In an approach to identify aphid effectors that facilitate feeding from host plants, eleven Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) salivary proteins and the GroEL protein of Buchnera aphidicola, a bacterial endosymbiont of this aphid species, were expressed transiently in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). Whereas two salivary proteins increased aphid reproduction, expression of three other aphid proteins and GroEL significantly decreased aphid reproduction on N. tabacum. These effects were recapitulated in stable transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Further experiments with A. thaliana expressing Mp55, a salivary protein that increased aphid reproduction, showed lower accumulation of 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, callose and hydrogen peroxide in response to aphid feeding. Mp55-expressing plants also were more attractive for aphids in choice assays. Silencing Mp55 gene expression in M. persicae using RNA interference approaches reduced aphid reproduction on N. tabacum, A. thaliana, and N. benthamiana. Together, these results demonstrate a role for Mp55, a protein with as-yet-unknown molecular function, in the interaction of M. persicae with its host plants.

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Plant Viruses Transmitted in Two Different Modes Produce Differing Effects on Small RNA-Mediated Processes in Their Aphid Vector

Phytobiomes Journal ◽

10.1094/pbiomes-10-18-0045-r ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 71-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Patricia V. Pinheiro ◽

Jennifer R. Wilson ◽

Yi Xu ◽

Yi Zheng ◽

Ana Rita Rebelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Rna ◽

Myzus Persicae ◽

Host Plants ◽

Potato Virus Y ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Buchnera Aphidicola ◽

Antiviral Immune Response ◽

Aphid Vectors ◽

Transcriptional Gene Regulation ◽

Leafroll Virus

Transmission of plant viruses by aphids involves multitrophic interactions among host plants, aphid vectors, and plant viruses. Here, we used small RNA (sRNA) sequencing to visualize the sRNA response of Myzus persicae to two plant viruses that M. persicae transmits in different modes: the nonpersistent Potato virus Y (PVY) versus the persistent Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Aphids exposed to PLRV produced significantly less 22 mers aligned to the aphid genome, and an abundance of 26 to 27 mers, many of which were predicted to be piRNA. Additionally, expression of Buchnera aphidicola tRNA-derived sRNAs was influenced by PLRV and, to a lesser extent, PVY, suggesting that plant viruses alter the aphid-endosymbiont relationship. Finally, aphids exposed to PLRV-infected plants generated an abundance of unusually long sRNAs and a reduced number of 22 mers against an aphid virus, Myzus persicae densovirus (MpDNV) and had higher MpDNV titer. Expression of the PLRV silencing suppressor P0 in plants recapitulated the increase in MpDNV titer in the absence of PLRV infection. Our results show that plant viruses transmitted in two different modes cause distinct effects on their vector with regards to post-transcriptional gene regulation, symbiosis with Buchnera, and the antiviral immune response of aphids to an aphid-infecting densovirus.

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Evidence for specificity in symbiont-conferred protection against parasitoids

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2015.0977 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 282 (1811) ◽

pp. 20150977 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Ailsa H. C. McLean ◽

H. Charles J. Godfray

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Host Plants ◽

Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽

Pea Aphid ◽

Aphidius Ervi ◽

Symbiotic Bacteria ◽

Parasitoid Wasps ◽

Bacterial Symbionts ◽

Wasp Species ◽

Hamiltonella Defensa

Many insects harbour facultative symbiotic bacteria, some of which have been shown to provide resistance against natural enemies. One of the best-known protective symbionts is Hamiltonella defensa , which in pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) confers resistance against attack by parasitoid wasps in the genus Aphidius (Braconidae). We asked (i) whether this symbiont also confers protection against a phylogenetically distant group of parasitoids (Aphelinidae) and (ii) whether there are consistent differences in the effects of bacteria found in pea aphid biotypes adapted to different host plants. We found that some H. defensa strains do provide protection against an aphelinid parasitoid Aphelinus abdominalis. Hamiltonella defensa from the Lotus biotype provided high resistance to A. abdominalis and moderate to low resistance to Aphidius ervi , while the reverse was seen from Medicago biotype isolates. Aphids from Ononis showed no evidence of symbiont-mediated protection against either wasp species and were relatively vulnerable to both. Our results may reflect the different selection pressures exerted by the parasitoid community on aphids feeding on different host plants, and could help explain the maintenance of genetic diversity in bacterial symbionts.

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A Freeloader?: The Highly Eroded Yet large Genome of the Serratia symbiotica symbiont of Cinara strobi

10.1101/305458 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Alejandro Manzano-Marín ◽

Armelle Coeur d’acier ◽

Anne-Laure Clamens ◽

Céline Orvain ◽

Corinne Cruaud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Genome Reduction ◽

The Novel ◽

Bacterial Symbionts ◽

Buchnera Aphidicola ◽

Essential Nutrients ◽

Apparent Lack ◽

Obligate Symbiont ◽

Bacterial Endosymbionts ◽

Serratia Symbiotica

ABSTRACTGenome reduction is pervasive among maternally-inherited bacterial endosymbionts. This genome reduction can eventually lead to serious deterioration of essential metabolic pathways, thus rendering an obligate endosymbiont unable to provide essential nutrients to its host. This loss of essential pathways can lead to either symbiont complementation (sharing of the nutrient production with a novel co-obligate symbiont) or symbiont replacement (complete takeover of nutrient production by the novel symbiont). However, the process by which these two evolutionary events happen remains somewhat enigmatic by the lack of examples of intermediate stages of this process. Cinara aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) typically harbour two obligate bacterial symbionts: Buchnera and Serratia symbiotica. However, the latter has been replaced by different bacterial taxa in specific lineages, and thus species within this aphid lineage could provide important clues into the process of symbiont replacement. In the present study, using 16S rRNA high-throughput amplicon sequencing, we determined that the aphid Cinara strobi harbours not two, but three fixed bacterial symbionts: Buchnera aphidicola, a Sodalis sp., and S. symbiotica. Through genome assembly and genome-based metabolic inference, we have found that only the first two symbionts (Buchnera and Sodalis) actually contribute to the hosts’ supply of essential nutrients while S. symbiotica has become unable to contribute towards this task. We found that S. symbiotica has a rather large and highly eroded genome which codes only for a few proteins and displays extensive pseudogenisation. Thus, we propose an ongoing symbiont replacement within C. strobi, in which a once ‘‘competent” S. symbiotica does no longer contribute towards the beneficial association. These results suggest that in dual symbiotic systems, when a substitute co-symbiont is available, genome deterioration can precede genome reduction and a symbiont can be maintained despite the apparent lack of benefit to its host.

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First evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78616-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. E. Vishnyakov ◽

N. P. Karagodina ◽

G. Lim-Fong ◽

P. A. Ivanov ◽

T. F. Schwaha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marine Bacterium ◽

Marine Species ◽

Lytic Cycle ◽

Symbiotic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Symbionts ◽

Larval Metamorphosis ◽

Bugula Neritina ◽

Virus Like Particles ◽

Animal Phyla ◽

First Time

AbstractBacteriophage communities associated with humans and vertebrate animals have been extensively studied, but the data on phages living in invertebrates remain scarce. In fact, they have never been reported for most animal phyla. Our ultrastructural study showed for the first time a variety of virus-like particles (VLPs) and supposed virus-related structures inside symbiotic bacteria in two marine species from the phylum Bryozoa, the cheilostomes Bugula neritina and Paralicornia sinuosa. We also documented the effect of VLPs on bacterial hosts: we explain different bacterial ‘ultrastructural types’ detected in bryozoan tissues as stages in the gradual destruction of prokaryotic cells caused by viral multiplication during the lytic cycle. We speculate that viruses destroying bacteria regulate symbiont numbers in the bryozoan hosts, a phenomenon known in some insects. We develop two hypotheses explaining exo- and endogenous circulation of the viruses during the life-cycle of B. neritina. Finally, we compare unusual ‘sea-urchin’-like structures found in the collapsed bacteria in P. sinuosa with so-called metamorphosis associated contractile structures (MACs) formed in the cells of the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea which are known to trigger larval metamorphosis in a polychaete worm.

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Assessing variability in surgical decision making among attending neurosurgeons at an academic center

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2019.2.jns182658 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 132 (6) ◽

pp. 1970-1976

Author(s):

Ashwin G. Ramayya ◽

H. Isaac Chen ◽

Paul J. Marcotte ◽

Steven Brem ◽

Eric L. Zager ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spine Surgery ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Neurosurgical Procedures ◽

P Values ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Radiology Reports ◽

Operative Notes ◽

First Time

OBJECTIVEAlthough it is known that intersurgeon variability in offering elective surgery can have major consequences for patient morbidity and healthcare spending, data addressing variability within neurosurgery are scarce. The authors performed a prospective peer review study of randomly selected neurosurgery cases in order to assess the extent of consensus regarding the decision to offer elective surgery among attending neurosurgeons across one large academic institution.METHODSAll consecutive patients who had undergone standard inpatient surgical interventions of 1 of 4 types (craniotomy for tumor [CFT], nonacute redo CFT, first-time spine surgery with/without instrumentation, and nonacute redo spine surgery with/without instrumentation) during the period 2015–2017 were retrospectively enrolled (n = 9156 patient surgeries, n = 80 randomly selected individual cases, n = 20 index cases of each type randomly selected for review). The selected cases were scored by attending neurosurgeons using a need for surgery (NFS) score based on clinical data (patient demographics, preoperative notes, radiology reports, and operative notes; n = 616 independent case reviews). Attending neurosurgeon reviewers were blinded as to performing provider and surgical outcome. Aggregate NFS scores across various categories were measured. The authors employed a repeated-measures mixed ANOVA model with autoregressive variance structure to compute omnibus statistical tests across the various surgery types. Interrater reliability (IRR) was measured using Cohen’s kappa based on binary NFS scores.RESULTSOverall, the authors found that most of the neurosurgical procedures studied were rated as “indicated” by blinded attending neurosurgeons (mean NFS = 88.3, all p values < 0.001) with greater agreement among neurosurgeon raters than expected by chance (IRR = 81.78%, p = 0.016). Redo surgery had lower NFS scores and IRR scores than first-time surgery, both for craniotomy and spine surgery (ANOVA, all p values < 0.01). Spine surgeries with fusion had lower NFS scores than spine surgeries without fusion procedures (p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSThere was general agreement among neurosurgeons in terms of indication for surgery; however, revision surgery of all types and spine surgery with fusion procedures had the lowest amount of decision consensus. These results should guide efforts aimed at reducing unnecessary variability in surgical practice with the goal of effective allocation of healthcare resources to advance the value paradigm in neurosurgery.

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CHAETOCNEMA CONCINNA (MARSHAM, 1802), A EUROPEAN FLEA BEETLE INTRODUCED IN NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: ALTICINAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent122647-7 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 122 (4) ◽

pp. 647-650

Author(s):

Laurent Lesage

Keyword(s):

Nova Scotia ◽

North America ◽

Prince Edward Island ◽

Host Plants ◽

Flea Beetle ◽

Collection Data ◽

First Time

AbstractChaetocnema concinna (Marsham, 1802), a European flea beetle, is reported for the first time from Canada. Preliminary collection data indicate that it may feed on the same host plants as in Europe. It has been collected to date in Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Maine.

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New species of leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from the Neotropical and Ando-Patagonian regions, with new data on host plants

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4272.1.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4272 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JONAS R. STONIS ◽

ANDRIUS REMEIKIS ◽

ARŪNAS DIŠKUS ◽

NICK MEGORAN

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Host Plants ◽

Virgin Islands ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Leaf Miners ◽

New Host ◽

British Virgin Islands ◽

Leaf Mining ◽

Plant Data ◽

First Time

The paper treats fifteen species of leaf-mining pygmy moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) discovered in the Neotropics (British Virgin Islands, Belize, Costa Rica, Venezuela, and Ecuador), and Ando-Patagonian region (Argentina and Chile). Except for two species, all belong to Stigmella Schrank. Twelve species are new, and are named and described in the current paper: Stigmella apicibrunella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; S. decora Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; S. unicaudata Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov.; S. sanmartini Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov.; S. patula Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov.; S. torosa Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov.; S. monstrata Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov.; S. huahumi Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov.; S. venezuelica Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov.; S. virginica Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov.; Fomoria miranda Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; and Hesperolyra robinsoni Stonis, sp. n. Newly discovered variation of male genitalia of the Andean Stigmella rudis Puplesis & Robinson, 2000 is briefly discussed, and the formerly poorly understood Stigmella hylomaga (Meyrick, 1931) is redescribed and documented with photographs for the first time. We also present more photographs and add some addtional information on Stigmella gallicola van Nieukerken & Nishida, a recently described gall-maker from Costa Rica.The paper also provides new host-plant data: some of the described (or redescribed) species are reported for the first time as leaf-miners on plants belonging to Euphorbiaceae (Acalypha padifolia Kunth), Salicaceae (Azara microphylla Hook. f.), Fabaceae (Inga spectabilis (Vahl) Willd. or I. edulis Mart.), Rhamnaceae (Colletia spinosissima J. F. Gmel.), Geraniaceae or Vivianiaceae (Rhynchotheca spinosa Ruiz & Pav.), and Asteraceae (Mutisia decurrens Cav.). All species treated in the paper are illustrated with photographs of the adults and genitalia, a distribution map, and also photographs of the leaf-mines and host plants when available.

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Aphid endosymbiont facilitates virus transmission by modulating the volatile profile of host plants

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02838-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-Bin Shi ◽

Shuo Yan ◽

Chi Zhang ◽

Li-Min Zheng ◽

Zhan-Hong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Plants ◽

Green Peach Aphid ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Feeding Preference ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Volatile Profile ◽

Cmv Infection ◽

Buchnera Aphidicola ◽

Plant Volatile ◽

Volatile Profiles

Abstract Background Most plant viruses rely on vectors for their transmission and spread. One of the outstanding biological questions concerning the vector-pathogen-symbiont multi-trophic interactions is the potential involvement of vector symbionts in the virus transmission process. Here, we used a multi-factorial system containing a non-persistent plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), its primary vector, green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola to explore this uncharted territory. Results Based on our preliminary research, we hypothesized that aphid endosymbiont B. aphidicola can facilitate CMV transmission by modulating plant volatile profiles. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that CMV infection reduced B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae, in which lower abundance of B. aphidicola was associated with a preference shift in aphids from infected to healthy plants. Volatile profile analyses confirmed that feeding by aphids with lower B. aphidicola titers reduced the production of attractants, while increased the emission of deterrents. As a result, M. persicae changed their feeding preference from infected to healthy plants. Conclusions We conclude that CMV infection reduces the B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae. When viruliferous aphids feed on host plants, dynamic changes in obligate symbionts lead to a shift in plant volatiles from attraction to avoidance, thereby switching insect vector’s feeding preference from infected to healthy plants.

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STUDY REGARDING THE APHIDOFAGOUS FAUNA STRUCTURE IN THE PEACH ORCHARDS FROM CONSTANTA COUNTY IN 2020

Romanian Journal for Plant Protection ◽

10.54574/rjpp.13.17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 110-114

Author(s):

Andrei Chiriloaie-Palade ◽

Mădălina Radulea ◽

Gheorghe Lămureanu ◽

Ștefan Ion Mocanu ◽

Maria Iamandei

Keyword(s):

Myzus Persicae ◽

Management System ◽

Green Peach Aphid ◽

Aphid Species ◽

Insect Species ◽

Essential Component ◽

Intensive Use ◽

Predatory Insect ◽

Predatory Insects ◽

Aphid Populations

"The cosmopolitan aphid species Myzus persicae is a key pest of peach orchards in south and southeastern Romania. The phenomenon of resistance induced by the intensive use of insecticides is a matter of concern for farmers and protectionists, making necessary integrated measure for the control of this pest. Conservation of natural enemy’s populations is an essential component of any management system proposed for pest aphids. The aim of the study was to determine the structure of predatory insects associated with Myzus persicae populations in peach orchards. The research was carried out in three orchards from two localities from Constanta County, in peach plantations with Springcrest variety aged 7, 11 and 12 years. As a result of this study, there were determined a total of 15 predatory insect species belonging to eight systematic families: Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Syrphydae, Cecidomyiidae, Panorpidae, Nabidae and Forficulidae, which naturally contribute to the reduction of the green peach aphid populations. "

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