Seed priming with non-ionizing physical agents: plant responses and underlying physiological mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuntal Bera ◽  
Puspendu Dutta ◽  
Sanjoy Sadhukhan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Priming ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms

scholarly journals Ozone responses in Arabidopsis: beyond stomatal conductance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis O Morales ◽  
Alexey Shapiguzov ◽  
Omid Safronov ◽  
Johanna Leppälä ◽  
Lauri Vaahtera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Key Parameter

Abstract Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a major air pollutant that decreases yield of important crops worldwide. Despite long-lasting research of its negative effects on plants, there are many gaps in our knowledge on how plants respond to O3. In this study, we used natural variation in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to characterize molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying O3 sensitivity. A key parameter in models for O3 damage is stomatal uptake. Here we show that the extent of O3 damage in the sensitive Arabidopsis accession Shahdara (Sha) does not correspond with O3 uptake, pointing toward stomata-independent mechanisms for the development of O3 damage. We compared tolerant (Col-0) versus sensitive accessions (Sha, Cvi-0) in assays related to photosynthesis, cell death, antioxidants, and transcriptional regulation. Acute O3 exposure increased cell death, development of lesions in the leaves, and decreased photosynthesis in sensitive accessions. In both Sha and Cvi-0, O3-induced lesions were associated with decreased maximal chlorophyll fluorescence and low quantum yield of electron transfer from Photosystem II to plastoquinone. However, O3-induced repression of photosynthesis in these two O3-sensitive accessions developed in different ways. We demonstrate that O3 sensitivity in Arabidopsis is influenced by genetic diversity given that Sha and Cvi-0 developed accession-specific transcriptional responses to O3. Our findings advance the understanding of plant responses to O3 and set a framework for future studies to characterize molecular and physiological mechanisms allowing plants to respond to high O3 levels in the atmosphere as a result of high air pollution and climate change.

scholarly journals Physiological Mechanism Involved in the Response to Four Lettuce Varieties to a Pre-transplant Root Restriction and a 6, benzyl aminopurine (BAP) Spray

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
L. Campolongo ◽  
D. Carnelos ◽  
J. Lozano Miglioli ◽  
P. Fuginuma ◽  
E. Giardina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Hormonal Manipulation ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Cell Volumes

Vegetable yield is positively related to the environment and negatively affected by the pot root restriction during both the nursery and post-transplant stages. Root restriction is a physical stress imposed on the root system when plants are grown in small containers, which leads to a pronounced decrease in root and shoot growth at both the transplant and pot stages. Based on the assumption that the plant responses are mainly associated with a negative hormonal signaling from roots, some researchers have proposed that these abiotic stresses may be overridden by using a pre-transplant spray with benzyl amino purine (BAP), a synthetic cytokinin able to regulate plant metabolism. Although the physiological mechanisms induced by BAP have been described, the implementation of commercial applications of BAP for vegetables is still a pending issue. The aim of this work was to analyze growth changes in four lettuce genotypes in the presence of different root restrictions degree by the use of different plug cell volumes but sprayed with a single BAP spray under the hypothesis that it would play a role as abiotic stress alleviators. Our results showed that the higher biomass accumulation in lettuce plants non root-limited and BAP-sprayed ones are supported by higher photosynthetic rates, by higher leaf number initiation and expansion and by photo assimilate partition to shoots. Understanding the plant responses to this hormonal manipulation and the physiological mechanism involved will allow adjusting the agronomic advice for different vegetables and reaching commercial yields to each of them.

scholarly journals Ecophysiological Plasticity and Cold Stress Adaptation in Himalayan Alpine Herbs: Bistorta affinis and Sibbaldia procumbens

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inayat Ur Rahman ◽  
Robbie Hart ◽  
Aftab Afzal ◽  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Altitudinal Gradients ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
The Impact

Plants have evolved several metabolic pathways as a response to environmental stressors such as low temperatures. In this perspective, it is paramount to highlight physiological mechanisms of plant responses to altitudinal gradients as a proxy to evaluate changing environments. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of elevation on the physiological attributes of two plant species along an altitudinal gradient. Our hypothesis was that the altitudinal gradient influences proline, protein, and sugar contents, as well as abscisic acid (ABA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) concentrations. We studied these physiological components in leaves collected from four different altitudinal ranges in Himalayan region of Pakistan from two native herbs, namely Bistorta affinis and Sibbaldia procumbens. Leaves were collected at the initial blooming phase from each altitudinal range, viz. 2850 m, 3250 m, 3750 m and 4250 m. We observed that most abiotic factors decrease with altitude which induces cold acclimation. A significant increase in the concentration of physiological components was observed as altitude increased, except for IAA, which decreased. Furthermore, we did not find variations in proline, ABA and IAA concentrations between species; only sugar and protein, with higher values for B. affinis. We conclude that altitudinal gradients significantly affect the physiological components of B. affinis and S. procumbens in Himalayan region. This result contributes to the understanding of how plants adapt to environmental pressures, acting as a proxy for the evaluation of impacts caused by climate changes.

scholarly journals New research on plant–water relations examines the molecular, structural, and physiological mechanisms of plant responses to their environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe G. Hacke ◽  
Anna L. Jacobsen ◽  
R. Brandon Pratt ◽  
Christophe Maurel ◽  
Barbara Lachenbruch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Plant Water Relations ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
New Research

scholarly journals Elucidating the Response of Crop Plants towards Individual, Combined and Sequentially Occurring Abiotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6119
Author(s):  
Khalid Anwar ◽  
Rohit Joshi ◽  
Om Parkash Dhankher ◽  
Sneh L. Singla-Pareek ◽  
Ashwani Pareek
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Complex Stress ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Developments

In nature, plants are exposed to an ever-changing environment with increasing frequencies of multiple abiotic stresses. These abiotic stresses act either in combination or sequentially, thereby driving vegetation dynamics and limiting plant growth and productivity worldwide. Plants’ responses against these combined and sequential stresses clearly differ from that triggered by an individual stress. Until now, experimental studies were mainly focused on plant responses to individual stress, but have overlooked the complex stress response generated in plants against combined or sequential abiotic stresses, as well as their interaction with each other. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the combined and sequential abiotic stresses overlap with respect to the central nodes of their interacting signaling pathways, and their impact cannot be modelled by swimming in an individual extreme event. Taken together, deciphering the regulatory networks operative between various abiotic stresses in agronomically important crops will contribute towards designing strategies for the development of plants with tolerance to multiple stress combinations. This review provides a brief overview of the recent developments in the interactive effects of combined and sequentially occurring stresses on crop plants. We believe that this study may improve our understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms in untangling the combined stress tolerance in plants, and may also provide a promising venue for agronomists, physiologists, as well as molecular biologists.

scholarly journals Anthocyanins Are Key Regulators of Drought Stress Tolerance in Tobacco

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Valerio Cirillo ◽  
Vincenzo D’Amelia ◽  
Marco Esposito ◽  
Chiara Amitrano ◽  
Petronia Carillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchanges ◽  
Near Future

Abiotic stresses will be one of the major challenges for worldwide food supply in the near future. Therefore, it is important to understand the physiological mechanisms that mediate plant responses to abiotic stresses. When subjected to UV, salinity or drought stress, plants accumulate specialized metabolites that are often correlated with their ability to cope with the stress. Among them, anthocyanins are the most studied intermediates of the phenylpropanoid pathway. However, their role in plant response to abiotic stresses is still under discussion. To better understand the effects of anthocyanins on plant physiology and morphogenesis, and their implications on drought stress tolerance, we used transgenic tobacco plants (AN1), which over-accumulated anthocyanins in all tissues. AN1 plants showed an altered phenotype in terms of leaf gas exchanges, leaf morphology, anatomy and metabolic profile, which conferred them with a higher drought tolerance compared to the wild-type plants. These results provide important insights for understanding the functional reason for anthocyanin accumulation in plants under stress.

scholarly journals A Review on Plant Responses to Salt Stress and Their Mechanisms of Salt Resistance

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Shanhu Hao ◽  
Yiran Wang ◽  
Yunxiu Yan ◽  
Yuhang Liu ◽  
Jingyao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms

Nowadays, crop insufficiency resulting from soil salinization is threatening the world. On the basis that soil salinization has become a worldwide problem, studying the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve crop yield, to cultivate new salt-tolerant varieties, and to make full use of saline land. Based on previous studies, this paper reviews the damage of salt stress to plants, including suppression of photosynthesis, disturbance of ion homeostasis, and membrane peroxidation. We have also summarized the physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and osmotic adjustment. Four main stress-related signaling pathways, salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway, calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) pathway, and abscisic acid (ABA) pathway, are included. We have also enumerated some salt stress-responsive genes that correspond to physiological mechanisms. In the end, we have outlined the present approaches and techniques to improve salt tolerance of plants. All in all, we reviewed those aspects above, in the hope of providing valuable background knowledge for the future cultivation of agricultural and forestry plants.

scholarly journals New Insights in Plant Breeding Efforts for Improved Salt Tolerance

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 96b-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Models

The lack of improvement for salt tolerance has been attributed to insufficient genetic variation, a need for rapid and reliable genetic markers for screening, and the complexities of salinity × environment interactions. Salt tolerance is a quantitative characteristic that has been defined in many ways subject to changes with plant development and differentiation; thus, assessing salt tolerance among genotypes that differ in growth or development rate is difficult. Salt tolerance also varies based on concentrations of major and minor nutrients in the root zone. Plant growth models may provide a method to integrate the complexities of plant responses to salinity stress with the relevant environmental variables that interact with the measurement of tolerance. Mechanistic models have been developed over the last few years that are responsive to nitrogen or drought stress but not to salinity stress. Models responsive to salinity stress would provide insights for breeders and aid in developing more practical research on the physiological mechanisms of plant salt tolerance.

Physiological Mechanisms Involved in Seed Priming

1989 ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cees M. Karssen ◽  
Anthony Haigh ◽  
Peter Van der Toorn ◽  
Rolf Weges
Keyword(s):  
Seed Priming ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms
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