Hemolymph of molluscan origin: from biochemistry to modern biomaterials science

AbstractMolluscan hemolymph is a unique kind of body fluid, which in many respects is analogous to human blood, although there are several crucial differences. Here, for the first time, we critically analyze the prospects for applications of this fluid in modern biomaterials science. Particular attention is paid to the biochemistry and chemistry of molluscan hemolymph, as well as to hemocytes and hemocyanins as key functional players within this unique biological fluid. We focus on hemocytes as multifunctional hemolytic cells involved in immune response, and especially in the biomineralization process. The next part of the review contains a discussion of molluscan shell formation and regeneration from different points of view. Finally, we consider the challenges, solutions, and future directions in the application of molluscan hemolymph for bioinspired material chemistry and biomedicine.

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Arginase Activity in Eisenia andrei Coelomocytes: Function in the Earthworm Innate Response

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073687 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3687

Author(s):

Joanna Homa ◽

Alina Klosowska ◽

Magdalena Chadzinska

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Arginase Activity ◽

Eisenia Andrei ◽

Heavy Metals Ions ◽

First Time ◽

Important Marker

Arginase is the manganese metalloenzyme catalyzing the conversion of l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea. In vertebrates, arginase is involved in the immune response, tissue regeneration, and wound healing and is an important marker of alternative anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. In invertebrates, data concerning the role of arginase in these processes are very limited. Therefore, in the present study, we focused on the changes in arginase activity in the coelomocytes of Eisenia andrei. We studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), heavy metals ions (e.g., Mn2+), parasite infection, wound healing, and short-term fasting (5 days) on arginase activity. For the first time in earthworms, we described arginase activity in the coelomocytes and found that it can be up-regulated upon in vitro stimulation with LPS and H2O2 and in the presence of Mn2+ ions. Moreover, arginase activity was also up-regulated in animals in vivo infected with nematodes or experiencing segment amputation, but not in fasting earthworms. Furthermore, we confirmed that the activity of coelomocyte arginase can be suppressed by l-norvaline. Our studies strongly suggest that similarly to the vertebrates, also in the earthworms, coelomocyte arginase is an important element of the immune response and wound healing processes.

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Development of a biosensor for human blood: new routes to body fluid identification

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s00216-012-6111-7 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 404 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Nunzianda Frascione ◽

Vania Pinto ◽

Barbara Daniel

Keyword(s):

Human Blood ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Body Fluid Identification ◽

Fluid Identification

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Role of Small Molecule Targeted Compounds in Cancer: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2021.694363 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Guoqiang Sun ◽

Dawei Rong ◽

Zhouxiao Li ◽

Guangshun Sun ◽

Fan Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Targeted Therapy ◽

Drug Administration ◽

Small Molecule ◽

Molecular Targeted Therapy ◽

Low Cost ◽

Future Directions ◽

Clinical Drug

Research on molecular targeted therapy of tumors is booming, and novel targeted therapy drugs are constantly emerging. Small molecule targeted compounds, novel targeted therapy drugs, can be administered orally as tablets among other methods, and do not draw upon genes, causing no immune response. It is easily structurally modified to make it more applicable to clinical needs, and convenient to promote due to low cost. It refers to a hotspot in the research of tumor molecular targeted therapy. In the present study, we review the current Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved use of small molecule targeted compounds in tumors, summarize the clinical drug resistance problems and mechanisms facing the use of small molecule targeted compounds, and predict the future directions of the evolving field.

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No cell is an island: circulating T cell:monocyte complexes are markers of immune perturbations

10.1101/411553 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Julie G. Burel ◽

Mikhail Pomaznoy ◽

Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn ◽

Daniela Weiskopf ◽

Ricardo da Silva Antunes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

T Cell ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Human Blood ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Complex Frequency ◽

The Common ◽

First Time ◽

High Resolution Microscopy

AbstractOur results highlight for the first time that a significant proportion of cell doublets in flow cytometry, previously believed to be the result of technical artefacts and thus ignored in data acquisition and analysis, are the result of true biological interaction between immune cells. In particular, we show that cell:cell doublets pairing a T cell and a monocyte can be directly isolated from human blood, and high resolution microscopy shows polarized distribution of LFA1/ICAM1 in many doublets, suggesting in vivo formation. Intriguingly, T cell:monocyte complex frequency and phenotype fluctuate with the onset of immune perturbations such as infection or immunization, reflecting expected polarization of immune responses. Overall these data suggest that cell doublets reflecting T cell-monocyte in vivo immune interactions can be detected in human blood and that the common approach in flow cytometry to avoid studying cell:cell complexes should be revisited.

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Mathematical literacy as an important component of preparing a future teacher

Вестник Костромского государственного университета им Н А Некрасова ◽

10.34216/2073-1426-2021-27-2-149-153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 149-153

Author(s):

Natalia Lvovna Margolina ◽

Irina Vladimirovna Nalimova

Keyword(s):

Modern Society ◽

State University ◽

Test Results ◽

Mathematical Literacy ◽

Mathematical Concepts ◽

Professional Activities ◽

Teaching Aids ◽

Points Of View ◽

Main Components ◽

First Time

The article analyzes the concept of mathematical literacy. The formation of mathematical literacy among members of modern society is a fundamental basis for the formation of functional literacy. Currently, there is no single approach to the interpretation of the concept of "mathematical literacy", the article provides several different approaches to the definition. Based on the analysis of the points of view of different scientists, the authors of the article highlight the main components of the concept of "mathematical literacy". These include: literacy of mathematical speech; possession of mathematical concepts; the ability to correctly formulate definitions and statements; the ability to apply mathematics to research. The paper provides a characteristic of the listed components of mathematical literacy. In addition, in this work, for the first time, an attempt was made to formulate the levels of mathematical literacy – speech, terminological, critical and operational. The article presents the results of testing students in pedagogic areas of training of two universities – Kostroma State University and Yaroslavl State Pedagogic University. The test was aimed at assessing the level of mathematical literacy of future teachers, for whom teaching mathematics will be a part of their professional activities. The test tested not only the knowledge of terms and the ability to give definitions, but also the ability to correctly apply mathematics to solve practical problems with subsequent interpretation, as well as the ability to see errors and inaccuracies in the texts of students' works, Internet sources and teaching aids. The authors identified criteria for assessing the test results and for each criterion; a quantitative indicator was determined equal to the number of correctly completed tasks. The low results of even third-year students show topicality of specific activities that could help improve the mathematical literacy of pedagogues.

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Pedicularis L. Genus: Systematics, Botany, Phytochemistry, Chemotaxonomy, Ethnopharmacology and Other

10.20944/preprints201906.0304.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Claudio Frezza ◽

Alessandro Venditti ◽

Chiara Toniolo ◽

Daniela De Vita ◽

Ilaria Serafini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Natural Compounds ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Points Of View ◽

First Time

In this review, the relevance of plants belonging to the Pedicularis L. genus was explored from different points of view. Particular emphasys was given especially to the phytochemistry and the ethnopharmacology of the genus since several classes of natural compounds have been evidenced within it and several Pedicularis species are well known to be employed in the traditional medicine of many Asian countries. Nevertheless, some important conclusions on the chemotaxonomic and chemosystematic aspects of the genus were also provided for the first time. This work represents the first total comprehensive review on the genus Pedicularis.

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The system of points of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories

Bulletin of the Kostroma state University ◽

10.34216/1998-0817-2021-27-3-148-154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 148-154

Author(s):

Natalia A. Guz ◽

Yulia G. Babicheva

Keyword(s):

Short Stories ◽

Scientific Understanding ◽

Point Of View ◽

The Other ◽

Frequent Change ◽

History Of ◽

Points Of View ◽

First Time

The purpose of the work is to explore the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in its systematic and diverse manifestation. Topicality is provided by the exceptional significance of this category in narratology. The study of the point of view based on the material of short stories by Vasily Shukshin has been conducted for the first time. The article briefly traces the history of scientific understanding of the category of point of view in foreign and Russian philology and notes the variety of approaches and definitions in the formulation of the concept. The authors use the classification of Boris Uspenskij for analysis and consider the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in psychological, ideological (evaluative), spatial-temporal and phraseological terms. The positions of Boris Korman, Yuri Lotman, Wolf Schmid and Franz Karl Stanzel also take into account. The authors note the features of Vasily Shukshin's narration that affect the expression of the point of view in the text. Vasily Shukshin's short stories are characterised by a dynamic and frequent change of points of view, which indicates the technique of “montageˮ and similarities in this regard with cinematic techniques. The conclusions generalise the variety of ways and forms of expression of the point of view in the studied artistic material. The point of view in the considered stories is characterised by variability in the correlation of subjects of speech and subjects of consciousness, alternation of external and internal points of view, mutual transitions from one to the other, text interference and other hybrid phenomena.

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Calculated mixing enthalpies of 11 IIB-IVB and IIB-VB binary alloy systems using a subregular model

Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B Metallurgy ◽

10.2298/jmmb1002141b ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 141-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. Bangwei ◽

S. Xiaolin ◽

L. Shuzhi ◽

Y. Xiaojian ◽

X. Haowen

Keyword(s):

Binary Alloy ◽

First Principles ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Points Of View ◽

Group B ◽

Miedema Theory ◽

First Time ◽

Subregular Model ◽

Mixing Enthalpies ◽

Alloy Systems

There have been no theoretical calculations of the mixing enthalpies for group B metal alloy systems using the famous Miedema theory or from first principles. Therefore such systematic calculations for the 11 group IIB?IVB and IIB?VB binary alloy systems are performed for the first time using a subregular model. The results show that the agreement between the calculations and experimental data is pretty good and could be accepted from the theoretical or experimental points of view. It can be concluded from the results that the subregular model can be used for calculating the mixing enthalpies of the group B alloy systems, at least for the IIB?IVB and IIB?VB alloy systems.

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Dynamics of humoral immune response in pregnant mares and foals vaccinated with Theileria equi recombinant EMA-2

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5321 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1105-1109

Author(s):

Alice C. Santos ◽

Fábio P.L. Leite ◽

Ana M. Vianna ◽

Guilherme B. Weege ◽

Ilusca S. Finger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Vaccination Schedule ◽

Theileria Equi ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Baseline Values ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

First Time

ABSTRACT: Theileria equi is an infectious hemoprotozoan agent of equine piroplasmosis, a disease that has severe economic and sanitary impact internationally. In addition to its common clinical features, piroplasmosis can cause gestational losses and neonatal damage, which makes neonates susceptible to this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of humoral immune response to recombinant EMA-2 of T. equi in pregnant mares and foals, as well as the transfer of vaccine antibodies through the colostrum ingested by sucking foals. For vaccine production, the EMA-2 expression gene was cloned and expressed in the yeast species, Pichia pastoris. Thirty-six horses were used, of which 18 were pregnant mares and 18 were foals. The mares were divided into control and vaccinated groups, and the vaccinated group received three doses of rEMA-2 every 21 days starting at 300 days of gestation. Foals from vaccinated and control groups were evaluated until the sixth month of life. The production of antibodies by foals on the rEMA-2 vaccination schedule was also evaluated from the second month of life. Foals in the vaccinated group had received three doses of the vaccine every 21 days. The method used to evaluate serum and colostrum samples was indirect ELISA, and plates were sensitized with the rEMA-2 protein. At the end of the vaccination schedule, vaccinated mares showed a 2.3-fold increase in antibody levels when compared to baseline values. The colostrum of vaccinated mares presented antibody levels of 1.0432±0.33. Foals delivered by vaccinated mares presented levels of antibodies greater than those of foals delivered by control mares after their first time sucking (at about twelve hours after birth). Foals vaccinated in the second month of life showed an 8.3-fold increase in antibody levels when compared to baseline values. The vaccination schedule with rEMA-2 was able to stimulate humoral immunity in pregnant mares. Vaccine immunoglobins were concentrated in the colostrum of vaccinated mares and foals delivered by these mares showed an increase in serum levels of vaccine antibodies after the first-time sucking.

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