scholarly journals A reappraisal of the impact of dairy foods and milk fat on cardiovascular disease risk

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bruce German ◽  
Robert A. Gibson ◽  
Ronald M. Krauss ◽  
Paul Nestel ◽  
Benoît Lamarche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Consumption of dairy products and cardiovascular disease risk: results from the French prospective cohort NutriNet-Santé

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Laury Sellem ◽  
Bernard Srour ◽  
Kim G. Jackson ◽  
Serge Hercberg ◽  
Pilar Galan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Fermented Dairy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In France, dairy products contribute to dietary saturated fat intake, of which reduced consumption is often recommended for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Epidemiological evidence on the association between dairy consumption and CVD risk remains unclear, suggesting either null or inverse associations. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dairy consumption (overall and specific foods) and CVD risk in a large cohort of French adults. This prospective analysis included participants aged ≥ 18 years from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–2019). Daily dietary intakes were collected using 24h-dietary records. Total dairy, milk, cheese, yogurts, fermented and reduced-fat dairy intakes were investigated. CVD cases (n=1,952) included cerebrovascular (n=878 cases) and coronary heart diseases (CHD, n=1,219 cases). Multivariable Cox models were performed to investigate associations. This analysis included n=104,805 French adults (mean age at baseline 42.8 years (SD 14.6)), mean follow-up 5.5 years (SD 3.0, i.e. 579,155 persons years). There were no significant associations between dairy intakes and total CVD or CHD risks. However, the consumption of at least 160 g/d of fermented dairy (e.g. cheese and yogurts) was associated with a reduced risk of cerebrovascular diseases compared to intakes below 57 g/d (HR=0.81 [0.66-0.98], p-trend=0.01). Despite being a major dietary source of saturated fats, dairy consumption was not associated with CVD or CHD risks in this study. However, fermented dairy was associated with a lower cerebrovascular disease risk. Robust randomized controlled trials are needed to further assess the impact of consuming different dairy foods on CVD risk and potential underlying mechanisms.

Abstract P228: Milkfat Consumption, Dyslipidemia, and Body Weight in Children

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahlia Sekkarie ◽  
Janet Figueroa ◽  
Caroline Um ◽  
Jean Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Significant Trend ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Whole Milk

Background: Dietary guidelines recommend consumption of 1% or skim (i.e. non-fat) milk for children >2 years due to concerns about the role of saturated fat in raising low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels and cardiovascular disease risk. Low- or non-fat milk is also recommended to promote energy balance and reduce obesity risk. While more recent evidence in adults suggests no association between milkfat and cardiovascular disease risk, this association has not been well studied among children who tend to be the highest consumers of milk. No known studies have demonstrated an association between milkfat consumption and lipid levels in children. Our objective was to determine if there is an association between milk fat consumption and risk of dyslipidemia and obesity among U.S. children. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from children 2-19 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 (n=7261). Usual milkfat intake (i.e. never/rare milk consumption, non-fat, 1%, 2%, or whole) was self-reported by parent or child. Lipid levels (12-19 years only) and adiposity (BMI z-score and weight category [underweight, normal, overweight, or obese] in all ages) were assessed by trained staff using standardized methods. Covariates included child age, sex, household income, race/ethnicity, physical activity, dieting, and total energy intake. We used multivariate linear and logistic regression models to examine the association between milkfat consumption and our outcomes and conducted pairwise comparisons to assess differences between different milkfat consumers. Results: Most children consumed 2% milk (42.3%), followed by whole (26.1%), 1% milk (11.7%), never/rare consumption (10.2%), and nonfat (9.7%). We found no significant trends in mean cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL) with consumption of milk with greater fat content. There was a significant trend towards higher triglycerides as milkfat intake increased (p=0.01) though this association was stronger among 2% milk compared to whole fat consumers. We found no significant trend in prevalence of each BMI category across milk fat intake. Pairwise comparisons demonstrated that usual consumption of 1% and 2% milkfat was associated with both higher BMI Z-score and odds of obesity compared to whole milk. Conclusion: We found no significant linear trend between usual %milk fat consumed and indicators of cardiovascular disease (BMI-Z and lipid levels) in children, except for triglycerides which rose as milkfat intake increased. However, triglycerides were higher among the 2% compared to whole milkfat consumers. Overall, whole milk was not associated with increased indicators of cardiovascular disease risk in children.

scholarly journals Nutrients in Fish and Possible Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Tørris ◽  
Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽  
Marianne Molin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Impact

Non-communicable diseases (NSDs) are responsible for two-thirds of all deaths globally, whereas cardiovascular disease (CVD) alone counts for nearly half of them. To reduce the impact of CVD, targeting modifiable risk factors comprised in metabolic syndrome (e.g., waist circumference, lipid profile, blood pressure, and blood glucose) is of great importance. Beneficial effects of fish consumption on CVD has been revealed over the past decades, and some studies suggest that fish consumption may have a protective role in preventing metabolic syndrome. Fish contains a variety of nutrients that may contribute to health benefits. This review examines current recommendations for fish intake as a source of various nutrients (proteins, n-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, iodine, selenium, and taurine), and their effects on metabolic syndrome and the CVD risk factors. Fatty fish is recommended due to its high levels of n-3 fatty acids, however lean fish also contains nutrients that may be beneficial in the prevention of CVD.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns in a Population Cohort in Uruguay and Associations with Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 548-548
Author(s):  
Paula Moliterno ◽  
Carmen Donangelo ◽  
Juan Vanerio ◽  
Romina Nogara ◽  
Matias Pecora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives The impact of habitual diet on chronic diseases has not been extensively characterized in South America. We aimed to identify major dietary patterns (DP) in a population adult cohort in Uruguay (Genotype Phenotype and Environment of Hypertension Study - GEFA-HT-UY) and to assess associations with metabolic and anthropometric markers of cardiovascular disease risk. Methods In a subsample (n = 295), DP were derived by principal component analysis based on 27 food groups (food frequency questionnaire). Total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL, HDL), fasting glucose and insulin (HOMA), 25(OH)D, neutrophils and lymphocytes were measured in blood. Body weight, height, waist and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate by tertile of DP load the adjusted changes of each outcome variable (relative to tertile 1), according to age (splitting by median age, 54 y). The models included sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI, and season for 25(OH)D, as covariables. Results Three DP were identified: Meat (MDP), Prudent (PDP), and Cereal and Mate (CMDP), explaining 22.6% of total variance. MDP was characterized by higher loads for red, processed and barbecued meat; PDP by higher loads for vegetables, fish and nuts; and CMDP by higher loads for cereals and mate (traditional infused drink). Protein, sodium and alcohol intake increased, and fibre, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA, PUFA) intake decreased, by MDP tertile. Protein, fat (MUFA), fibre and calcium intake increased by PDP tertile. Carbohydrate, sodium and energy intake increased, and PUFA and calcium intake decreased, by CMDP tertile. MDP was associated with lower HDL (−3.1 mg/dl) and 25(OH)D (−3.5 ng/ml), and higher TG/HDL ratio (0.8) and HOMA (0.5), in the older group (P < 0.05). PDP was associated with higher 25(OH)D in both age groups (2.9 and 7.7 ng/ml; P < 0.002). CMDP was associated with higher neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (0.35) in the younger group, and higher LDL (18.2 mg/dl), systolic BP (5.9 mm Hg) and waist/height ratio (0.024) in the older group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Meat DP was associated with worse blood lipid profile in younger adults, Cereal and Mate DP with worse cardiovascular risk markers in older adults, and Prudent DP with higher 25(OH)D in both age groups. Funding Sources CSIC, ANII, Uruguay.

scholarly journals The Impact of Obesity on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Subclinical Vascular Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 168 (9) ◽  
pp. 928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Burke ◽  
Alain G. Bertoni ◽  
Steven Shea ◽  
Russell Tracy ◽  
Karol E. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Subclinical Vascular Disease ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Vitamin D Receptor Activation Mitigates the Impact of Uremia on Endothelial Function in the 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ruth Wu-Wong ◽  
William Noonan ◽  
Masaki Nakane ◽  
Kristin A. Brooks ◽  
Jason A. Segreti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
The Impact

Endothelial dysfunction increases cardiovascular disease risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigates whether VDR activation affects endothelial function in CKD. The 5/6 nephrectomized (NX) rats with experimental chronic renal insufficiency were treated with or without paricalcitol, a VDR activator. Thoracic aortic rings were precontracted with phenylephrine and then treated with acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside. Uremia significantly affected aortic relaxation (% in NX rats versus % in SHAM at 30 M acetylcholine). The endothelial-dependent relaxation was improved to –%, –%, and –% in NX rats treated with paricalcitol at 0.021, 0.042, and 0.083 g/kg for two weeks, respectively, while paricalcitol at 0.042 g/kg did not affect blood pressure and heart rate. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppression alone did not improve endothelial function since cinacalcet suppressed PTH without affecting endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation. N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester completely abolished the effect of paricalcitol on improving endothelial function. These results demonstrate that VDR activation improves endothelial function in CKD.

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