Interactions between dietary patterns and genetic factors in relation to incident dementia among 70-year-olds

Abstract Purpose To investigate potential interactions between dietary patterns and genetic factors modulating risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in relation to incident dementia. Methods Data were derived from the population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden, including 602 dementia-free 70-year-olds (examined 1992–93, or 2000–02; 64% women) followed for incident dementia until 2016. Two factors from a reduced rank regression analysis were translated into dietary patterns, one healthy (e.g., vegetables, fruit, and fish) and one western (e.g., red meat, refined cereals, and full-fat dairy products). Genetic risk was determined by APOE ε4 status and non-APOE AD-polygenic risk scores (AD-PRSs). Gene–diet interactions in relation to incident dementia were analysed with Cox regression models. The interaction p value threshold was < 0.1. Results There were interactions between the dietary patterns and APOE ε4 status in relation to incident dementia (interaction p value threshold of < 0.1), while no evidence of interactions were found between the dietary patterns and the AD-PRSs. Those with higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern had a reduced risk of dementia among ε4 non-carriers (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61; 0.98), but not among ε4 carriers (HR: 0.86; CI: 0.63; 1.18). Those with a higher adherence to the western dietary pattern had an increased risk of dementia among ε4 carriers (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05; 1.78), while no association was observed among ε4 non-carriers (HR: 0.99; CI: 0.81; 1.21). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that there is an interplay between dietary patterns and APOE ε4 status in relation to incident dementia.

Download Full-text

Cross-Sectional, Short-, Medium- and Long-Term Effects of Dietary Pattern on Frailty in Taiwan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18189717 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (18) ◽

pp. 9717

Author(s):

Mei-Huey Shiau ◽

Meng-Chih Lee ◽

Fang-Ling Lin ◽

Baai-Shyun Hurng ◽

Chih-Jung Yeh

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protein Rich ◽

Healthy Dietary Pattern

This study examined the association between dietary patterns and the development of frailty during 4-, 8-, 12-year follow-up periods in the population-based Taiwan Study. We used the data of an elderly population aged 53 years and over (n = 3486) from four waves of the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging. Frailty was identified by using the modified Fried criteria and the values were summed to derive a frailty score. We applied reduced rank regression to determine dietary patterns, which were divided into tertiles (healthy, general, and unhealthy dietary pattern). We used multinomial logistic regression models to assess the association between dietary patterns and the risk of frailty. The healthy dietary pattern was characterized by a higher intake of antioxidant drinks (tea), energy-rich foods (carbohydrates, e.g., rice, noodles), protein-rich foods (fish, meat, seafood, and eggs), and phytonutrient-rich foods (fruit and dark green vegetables). Compared with the healthy pattern, the unhealthy dietary pattern showed significant cross-sectional, short-term, medium-term, and long-term associations with a higher prevalence of frailty (odds ratios (OR) 2.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.94–3.87, OR 2.55; 95% CI 1.67–3.88, OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.07–2.57, and OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.27–4.34, respectively). Our findings support recommendations to increase the intake of antioxidant drinks, energy-rich foods, protein-rich foods, and phytonutrient-rich foods, which were associated with a non-frail status. This healthy dietary pattern can help prevent frailty over time in elderly people.

Download Full-text

Synergistic Interaction of Dietary Pattern and Concordance Lifestyle with Abnormal Liver Function among Young Adults in Taiwan: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3591

Author(s):

Rathi Paramastri ◽

Chien-Yeh Hsu ◽

Yung-Kun Chuang ◽

Hsiu-An Lee ◽

Bayu Satria Wiratama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Population Based ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Abnormal Liver Function ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Rank Regression ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Diet And Lifestyle

While diet and lifestyle are independently implicated in the etiology of liver disease, the interaction of diet and lifestyle may be more helpful for determining the risk of liver abnormality. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the interaction between the dietary pattern associated with liver biomarkers and lifestyle factors among Taiwanese adults with abnormal liver enzymes. A liver-associated dietary pattern, generated using reduced rank regression, was characterized by high intake of soy sauce or other dips, sugar sweetened beverages, and preserved and processed foods, but low intake of seafood, fruits, eggs, and dark-colored vegetables. In the fully adjusted model, liver-associated dietary patterns or unhealthy concordance lifestyle factors were associated with an increased risk of having liver function abnormality (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.12 and OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.31, 1.53, respectively). Moreover, the interaction between liver-associated dietary pattern and unhealthy concordance lifestyle factors showed more significant correlation, with an elevated risk of abnormal liver function (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 2.02, 2.26). Therefore, our study suggests that participants who have a strong liver-associated dietary pattern along with unhealthy concordance lifestyles are likely to have increased odds of abnormal liver function.

Download Full-text

N-Terminal Prosomatostatin and Risk of Vascular Dementia

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

10.1159/000479940 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (5-6) ◽

pp. 259-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hannes Holm ◽

Katarina Nägga ◽

Erik D. Nilsson ◽

Fabrizio Ricci ◽

Eduardo Cinosi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Older Adults ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Incident Dementia ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Study Participants

Background: Increased somatostatin plasma concentration has been found in patients with vascular dementia. However, it is unknown whether or not somatostatin levels may predict dementia development in the general population. To this end, we sought to assess the association of circulating N-terminal prosomatostatin (NT-proSST) with incident dementia among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: In the prospective population-based Malmö Preventive Project, 5,347 study participants (mean age: 69 ± 6years; 70% men) provided plasma for the determination of NT-proSST concentration. Of these, 373 participants (7%) were diagnosed with dementia (120 Alzheimer's disease, 83 vascular, 102 mixed, and 68 other aetiology) during a follow-up period of 4.6 ± 1.3 years. The association of NT-proSST with the risk of dementia and its subtypes was studied using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models controlling for age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, smoking, diabetes, lipid levels and prevalent stroke. Results: Higher levels of NT-proSST were significantly associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD: 1.29; 95% CI 1.05-1.59; p = 0.016), whereas no association was observed with Alzheimer's disease (HR per 1 SD: 0.99; 95% CI 0.81-1.20; p = 0.91), all-cause dementia (HR per 1 SD: 1.04; 95% CI 0.94-1.16; p = 0.44), and mixed dementia (HR per 1 SD: 0.98; 95% CI 0.79-1.21; p = 0.84). Levels of NT-proSST above 563 pmol/L (highest quartile) conferred distinctly increased risk of vascular dementia (HR 1.66; 95% CI 1.05-2.63; p = 0.029) compared with lower values. Conclusions: Higher levels of circulating N-terminal-prosomatostatin are associated with increased incidence of vascular dementia. Our findings might be of importance for the understanding of dementia development in older adults.

Download Full-text

Dietary patterns and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980013001249 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 1531-1537 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nicholas J Ollberding ◽

Briseis Aschebrook-Kilfoy ◽

Donne Bennett D Caces ◽

Sonali M Smith ◽

Dennis D Weisenburger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Smoking Status ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Population Based ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies examining the role of single foods or nutrients in the aetiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have produced inconsistent findings. Few studies have examined associations for dietary patterns, which may more accurately reflect patterns of consumption and the complexity of dietary intake. The objective of the present study was to examine whether dietary patterns identified by factor analysis were associated with NHL risk.DesignCase–control.SettingPopulation-based sample residing in Nebraska from 1999 to 2002.SubjectsA total of 336 cases and 460 controls.ResultsFactor analysis identified two major dietary patterns: (i) a ‘Meat, Fat and Sweets’ dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of French fries, red meat, processed meat, pizza, salty snacks, sweets and desserts, and sweetened beverages; and (ii) a ‘Fruit, Vegetables and Starch’ dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of vegetables, fruit, fish, and cereals and starches. In multivariable logistic regression models, the ‘Meat, Fat and Sweets’ dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of overall NHL (ORQ4v.Q1 = 3·6, 95 % CI 1·9, 6·8; Ptrend = 0·0004), follicular lymphoma (ORQ4v.Q1 = 3·1, 95 % CI 1·2, 8·0; Ptrend = 0·01), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ORQ4v.Q1 = 3·2, 95 % CI 1·1, 9·0; Ptrend = 0·09) and marginal zone lymphoma (ORQ4v.Q1 = 8·2, 95 % CI 1·3, 51·2; Ptrend = 0·05). No association with overall or subtype-specific risk was detected for the ‘Fruit, Vegetables and Starch’ dietary pattern. No evidence of heterogeneity was detected across strata of age, sex, BMI, smoking status or alcohol consumption.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a dietary pattern high in meats, fats and sweets may be associated with an increased risk of NHL.

Download Full-text

The relationship between marital and parental status and the risk of dementia

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610213002652 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 749-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Anna Sundström ◽

Olle Westerlund ◽

Hossein Mousavi-Nasab ◽

Rolf Adolfsson ◽

Lars-Göran Nilsson

Keyword(s):

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Parental Status ◽

Incident Dementia ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

Dementia Diseases

ABSTRACTBackground:This study examines the association between marital and parental status and their individual and combined effect on risk of dementia diseases in a population-based longitudinal study while controlling for a range of potential confounders, including social networks and exposure to stressful negative life events.Methods:A total of 1,609 participants without dementia, aged 65 years and over, were followed for an average period of 8.6 years (SD = 4.8). During follow-up, 354 participants were diagnosed with dementia. Cox regression was used to investigate the effect of marital and parental status on risk of dementia.Results:In univariate Cox regression models (adjusted for age as time scale), widowed (hazard ratio (HR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13–1.78), and not having children (HR 1.54, 95% CI = 1.15–2.06) were significantly associated with incident dementia. In multivariate analyses that included simultaneously marital and parental status and covariates that were found to be significant in univariate models (p < 0.10), the HR was 1.30 (95% CI = 1.01–1.66) for widowed, and 1.51 (95% CI = 1.08–2.10) for those not having children. Finally, a group of four combined factors was constructed: married parents (reference), married without children, widowed parents, and widowed without children. The combined effect revealed a 1.3 times higher risk (95% CI = 1.03–1.76) of dementia in widow parents, and a 2.2 times higher risk (95% CI = 1.36–3.60) in widowed persons without children, in relation to married parents. No significant difference was observed for those being married and without children.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that marital- and parental status are important risk factors for developing dementia, with especially increased risk in those being both widowed and without children.

Download Full-text

Association between Dietary Pattern, Lifestyle, Anthropometric Status, and Anemia-Related Biomarkers among Adults: A Population-Based Study from 2001 to 2015

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073438 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3438

Author(s):

Rathi Paramastri ◽

Chien-Yeh Hsu ◽

Hsiu-An Lee ◽

Li-Yin Lin ◽

Adi Lukas Kurniawan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Weight Status ◽

Health Management ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Heavy Smoking ◽

Increased Risk

Inadequate dietary intake, poor nutritional status, heavy smoking, and alcohol consumption are associated with the risk of anemia. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between dietary patterns, lifestyle, nutritional status, and anemia-related biomarkers among adults using a multivariable regression model. Taiwanese adults aged 20–45 years (n = 118,924, 43,055 men and 75,869 women) were obtained from the Mei Jau Health Management Institution database, between 2001 and 2015, for data analysis. The anemia–inflammation-related dietary pattern was derived by reduced rank regression analysis. Dietary patterns with high intakes of eggs, meat, organ meats, rice or flour products, fried foods, sugary beverages, and processed foods significantly increased the risk of anemia, and was associated with decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cells, but increased white blood cells and C-reactive protein levels. Moreover, current alcohol drinkers, as well as people who were underweight, overweight, obese, and central obese, were more likely to increase their risk of anemia by 46%, 20%, 23%, 34%, and 28%, respectively. Interestingly, participants who are current or past smokers were inversely associated with risk of anemia. In conclusion, adherence to the anemia–inflammation dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of anemia in Taiwanese adults. Furthermore, abnormal weight status and alcohol drinking were correlated with an increased risk of anemia.

Download Full-text

The association between the dietary pattern in abdominal obesity based on visceral fat index and dyslipidaemia in the Henan Rural Cohort Study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521003640 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yuan Xue ◽

Chang Liu ◽

Shan-Bin Pang ◽

Zhen-Xing Mao ◽

Dong-Dong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Dose Response ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Rank Regression ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract The present study aimed to explore the association between dietary patterns in abdominal obesity obtained by reduced-rank regression (RRR) with visceral fat index (VFI) as a dependent variable and dyslipidemia in rural adults in Henan, China. A total of 29538 people aged 18–79 were selected from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. RRR analysis was used to identify dietary patterns; logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline regression models were applied to analyze the association between dietary patterns in abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia. VFI was used as a mediator to estimate the mediation effect. The dietary pattern in abdominal obesity was characterized by high carbohydrate and red meat intake and low consumption of fresh fruits, vegetables, milk, etc. After full adjustment, the highest quartile of dietary pattern scores was significantly associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia (OR: 1·33, 95 % CI 1·23–1·44, Ptrend < 0·001), there was a non-linear dose–response relationship between them (Poverall-association < 0·001, Pnon-lin-association = 0·022). The result was similar in dose-response between the dietary pattern scores and VFI. The indirect effect partially mediated by VFI was significant (OR: 1·07, 95 % CI 1·06–1·08). VIF explained approximately 53·3 % of odds of dyslipidemia related to the dietary pattern. Abdominal obesity dietary pattern scores positively affected VFI and dyslipidemia; there was a dose-response in both relationships. Dyslipidemia progression increased with higher abdominal obesity dietary pattern scores. In addition, VFI played a partial mediating role in relationship between abdominal obesity dietary pattern and dyslipidemia.

Download Full-text

Genetic factors underlying the bidirectional relationship between autoimmune and mental disorders – findings from a Danish population-based study

10.1101/699462 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xueping Liu ◽

Ron Nudel ◽

Wesley K. Thompson ◽

Vivek Appadurai ◽

Andrew J. Schork ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Human Leukocyte ◽

Population Based ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Danish Population ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Bidirectional Association ◽

Bidirectional Relationship

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have indicated the bidirectionality between autoimmune and mental disorders. However, genetic studies underpinning the co-occurrence of the two disorders have been lacking. In this study, we examined the potential genetic contribution to the association between autoimmune and mental disorders.MethodsWe used diagnostic information for patients with seven autoimmune diseases and six mental disorders from the Danish population-based case-cohort sample (iPSYCH2012). We explored the epidemiological association using survival analysis and modelled the effect of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) on two diseases. The genetic factors were investigated using GWAS and HLA imputation data based on iPSYCH cohort.ResultsAmong 64,039 individuals, a total of 43,902 (68.6%) were diagnosed with mental disorders and 1,383 (2.2%) with autoimmune diseases. There was a significant comorbidity between the two diseases (P=2.67×10-7, OR=1.38, 95%CI=1.22-1.56), with an overall bidirectional association wherein individuals with autoimmune diseases had an increased risk of subsequent mental disorders (HR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.07-1.21, P=7.95×10-5) and vice versa (HR=1.27, 95%CI=1.16-1.39, P=8.77×10-15). Though PRSs were significantly correlated with both types of diagnosis, PRSs had little effect on the bidirectional relationship. Importantly, we for the first time observed 12 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci and 20 HLA alleles strongly associated with overall autoimmune diseases, but we did not find significant evidence of their associations with overall mental disorders.ConclusionsOur findings confirm the overall comorbidity and bidirectionality between autoimmune and mental disorders and discover HLA genes which are significantly associated with overall autoimmune diseases, but not with overall mental disorders.

Download Full-text

Sex Difference in the Relation Between Marital Status and Dementia Risk in Two Population-Based Cohorts

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210246 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Jenna Najar ◽

Jeremiah A. Aakre ◽

Maria Vassilaki ◽

Hanna Wetterberg ◽

Lina Rydén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Dementia Risk ◽

Incident Dementia ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Married Men ◽

Modifying Effect

Background: The modifying effect of sex on the relation between marital status and dementia has yet to be determined. Objective: To examine if sex modifies the association between marital status and incident dementia. Methods: Population-based samples from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA, N = 3,471) and the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study (H70-study, N = 913) were used. A multiplicative interaction term was used to analyze the modifying effect of sex on the relation between marital status (married versus not married) and incident dementia using Cox regression models. Further, risk of dementia by marital status was also evaluated in models separated by sex. Results: In the MCSA, there was an interaction between marital status and sex in relation to dementia (p = 0.015). In contrast, in the H70-study, no significant interaction was observed (p = 0.28). Nevertheless, in both studies, not married men had increased risk of dementia compared to married men in models adjusted for age, education, and number of children (H70-study: 1.99; 1.06–3.76, MCSA: 1.43; 1.08–1.89). Associations remained similar after additional adjustment for depression, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus (H70-study: 2.00; 1.05–3.82, MCSA: 1.32; 0.99–1.76). Further, no significant association was observed between marital status and dementia in women (H70-study: 1.24; 0.82–1.89, MCSA: 0.82; 0.64–1.04). Conclusion: Sex had a modifying effect on the association between marital status and incident dementia. In analyses separated by sex, not married men had an increased risk of dementia compared to married men, while no significant association was observed between marital status and risk of dementia in women.

Download Full-text

Sibling Alcohol Use Disorder Is Associated With Increased Risk for Suicide Attempt

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/21677026211025041 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 216770262110250

Author(s):

Mallory E. Stephenson ◽

Sara Larsson Lönn ◽

Jessica E. Salvatore ◽

Jan Sundquist ◽

Kenneth S. Kendler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Sibling Pairs ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Using Data ◽

Shared Genetic

The association between having a sibling diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and risk for suicide attempt may be attributable to shared genetic liability between AUD and suicidal behavior, effects of environmental exposure to a sibling’s AUD, or both. To distinguish between these alternatives, we conducted a series of Cox regression models using data derived from Swedish population-based registers with national coverage. Among full sibling pairs (656,807 males and 607,096 females), we found that, even after we accounted for the proband’s AUD status, the proband’s risk for suicide attempt was significantly elevated when the proband’s sibling was affected by AUD. Furthermore, the proband’s risk for suicide attempt was consistently higher when the sibling’s AUD registration had occurred more recently. Our findings provide evidence for exposure to sibling AUD as an environmental risk factor for suicide attempt and suggest that clinical outreach may be warranted following a sibling’s diagnosis with AUD.

Download Full-text