Heart rate, cardiac vagal tone, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature in dairy calves exposed to heat stress in a continental region

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1791-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Kovács ◽  
Fruzsina Luca Kézér ◽  
Ferenc Ruff ◽  
Viktor Jurkovich ◽  
Ottó Szenci
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Cardiac Vagal Tone

Lesser vagal withdrawal during isometric exercise with age

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Taylor ◽  
J. Hayano ◽  
D. R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Cardiac Vagal Tone ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Vagal Withdrawal

The tachycardia that accompanies isometric exercise decreases with age in humans; however, the mechanism of this decline is unknown. To determine whether less cardiac vagal withdrawal is associated with the age-related decrease in this response, we assessed high-frequency R-R interval variability (0.15–0.40 Hz), an index of cardiac vagal tone, before (control) and during isometric exercise to exhaustion in healthy young (21–29 yr; n = 12) and older (61–72 yr; n = 11) men. During control, the two groups did not differ in respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, or heart rate, although the older subjects had a lower high-frequency amplitude (12.2 +/- 1.1 vs. 29.4 +/- 4.6 ms/Hz; P < 0.05). During isometric exercise, the respiratory rate and arterial pressure responses did not differ; however, the older men had a lower absolute heart rate and a smaller increase in heart rate, and only the young men demonstrated a significant decline in high-frequency amplitude. The heart rate responses to exercise were correlated with the declines in high-frequency amplitude (initial, r = -0.808; midpoint, r = -0.714; peak, r = -0.632; all P < 0.005), which were, in turn, correlated with the control high-frequency amplitude (initial, r = -0.727; midpoint, r = -0.643; peak, r = -0.610; all P < 0.01). Thus smaller declines in high-frequency amplitude, related to lower baseline amplitude, corresponded to smaller increases in heart rate throughout isometric exercise. Therefore, we conclude that the smaller tachycardiac response to isometric exercise in older humans is associated with an inability to decrease cardiac vagal tone below an already reduced baseline level.

scholarly journals Feeding systems and productive and physiological parameters of lambs raised under heat stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-199
Author(s):  
Abner A. Rodríguez-Carías ◽  
José Israel Suárez-Rodríguez ◽  
Jonathan Collazo ◽  
John Fernández-Van Cleve
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Grazing System

The objective of this study was to determine physiological parameters (rectal temperature = RT, respiratory rate = RR, heart rate = HR) and production parameters (dry matter intake = DMI, water intake = WI, average daily weight gain = ADG, and feed conversion = FC) of crossbred and Katahdin lambs raised in rotational grazing of native pastures (NP) and in confinement under heat stress conditions. Nine crossbred lambs (average initial weight = 19.4 kg) were used and fed in a rotational grazing system for 70 days with occupation and rest periods of seven and 21 days, respectively. The lambs had daily access to the grazing area for four to six hours, grass hay and water ad libitum, a daily supplement of 100 g of commercial concentrate and a nutritional block. In the confined system, six lambs of the Katahdin breed (average initial weight = 27.3 kg) were used, and for 28 days these were fed total mixed rations (TMR) containing 30% grass hay, 15.4% soybean meal, 54.6% corn grain and a mineral block. The diet contained 14% Crude Protein (CP) and 66% Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) and was formulated for an ADG of 200 g. The offered and rejected feed was quantified every day [4% body weight (BW)/dry matter basis (DMB)] to determine the DMI, and the volume of water offered and rejected to determine WI. To validate the stress conditions, the maximum environmental temperature and relative humidity were monitored to calculate the temperature and humidity index (THI), and the RT, HR and RR of the 15 lambs were determined. The lambs were weighed every seven days. In both experiments, the THI oscillated between 78 and 80. The lambs were under environmental heat stress conditions (THI x̅ = 79) during both studies. The averages of HR and RT in the grazing system were 118.0 beats per minute and 38.6° C, while the averages under the confinement system were 108.6 beats per minute and 39.4° C, respectively. The average RR (53.6 and 62.6 breaths per minute, in grazing and in confinement, respectively) was greater than the normal value considered for thermal comfort. Respiratory rate is the main mechanism used by lambs to dissipate heat. The heart rate also showed slightly higher values than those reported for animals in their comfort zone. However, the rectal temperature values were constant. As expected, crossbred lambs fed under grazing conditions with naturalized pastures (NP) had a low ADG (55.6 g). Nevertheless, Katahdin lambs fed in confinement with TMR had a DMI of 935.4 g/day (3.14% BW/DMB), a WI of 3.5 L/day, a FC of 4.74 and an ADG of 226.2 g. In conclusion, raising crossbred sheep in rotational grazing of NP without any type of agronomic management results in ADG that could not be considered viable in traditional production systems. The introduction of pure breeds and feeding them in confined systems with a TMR results in a pre-determined ADG (>200 g/day) and is an alternative that can be evaluated economically for its practical implementation.

The relation between respiratory rate and heart rate in the calf subjected to severe heat stress

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bianca
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Steep Increase ◽  
Severe Heat Stress ◽  
The Mean

1. In experiments on three calves it was shown that, under severe heat stress, the respiratory rate at first rapidly rose from 88 to a maximum of 218 respirations/min. and then fell to 167 respirations/min., while breathing at first became shallower and then deeper.2. During the phase in which breathing became faster and shallower (panting), the heart rate rose at a mean rate of 13 beats/min. for each degree centigrade increase in rectal temperature. During the phase in which breathing became slower and deeper (‘second-phase breathing’) the mean rate of rise in heart rate was 50 beats/min. for each degree increase in rectal temperature.3. The changes in respiratory rate and in heart rate occurred at mean rectal temperatures of 40·6 and 41·0° C., respectively, and, on average, the change in respiratory rate preceded that in heart rate by 8 min.4. It is concluded that second-phase breathing was the cause of the steep increase in heart rate.5. The steep increase in heart rate is discussed in relation to heat production of the respiratory muscles.

scholarly journals Respon fisiologis dan hematologis Kambing peranakan Etawah terhadap cekaman panas

Cassowary ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Enos The ◽  
M. Jen Wajo ◽  
M. A. Muin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Physiological Aspect ◽  
Young Males ◽  
The Status

PE goat is a small ruminant crossed between Etawah goat and bean goat, which introduced in Manokwari since 2007. Livestock can well produce depend on environment comfortable temperature in the area of tropical temperature on the day is radiated in high sun light. If the goat is expose to the blazing sun, it supposed experiencing heat stress and caused to the physiological and haematological condition. The aim of this study is to know the physiological and haematological response of PE goat to heat stress. This design of research used is Split Plot (RPT). 8 goats will be a sample which devide in two groups, of unexposed groups and Groups exposed to sunlight. Each group consists of young males, young female, adult male, adult female. The variables observed included physiological aspects (heart rate, rectal temperature, respiratory rate) and haematological aspects (hemoglobin level, hematocrit value, erythrocyte count, leukocyte count). The results showed that interaction between goats and heat stress status did not influence physiological aspect variable (heart rate, rectal temperature, respiratory rate), but very significant effect on some hematological aspect variable such as hemoglobin and erythrocytes. The status of livestock has a very significant effect on some physiological aspect variable such as rectal temperature, respiratory rate) and hematological aspect variable ie hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocytesTreatment of heat stress has a very significant effect on the physiological aspects of variables such as heart rate, rectal temperature and respiration whereas on hematologic aspect variable have significant effect on hemoglobin level, very significant effect on hematocrit value and erythrocyte level.

scholarly journals Energy Supplementation during the Last Third of Gestation Improves Mother–Young Bonding in Goats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Juan M. Vázquez-García ◽  
Gregorio Álvarez-Fuentes ◽  
Héctor O. Orozco-Gregorio ◽  
Juan C. García-López ◽  
Milagros González-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Labor Duration ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Birth Body Weight ◽  
Birth Type

We tested whether maternal energy supplementation during the last third of gestation improves birth weight, neonatal wellbeing, and mother–young bonding. Thirty-six pregnant French Alpine goats were randomly allocated among three nutritional treatments for the last third of pregnancy: (i) Control, fed alfalfa (T-0; n = 12); (ii) alfalfa + 150 g/head daily energy concentrate (T-150; n = 12); (iii) alfalfa + 300 g/head daily energy concentrate (T-300; n = 12). At birth, we collected progeny data on birth weight, birth type, sex, rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, time to standing, time to udder connection, and time to first feeding. For the dams, we collected data on the duration of labor, time to clean the progeny, and time to allow first suckling. At birth, body weight, rectal temperature, heart rate, and the respiratory rate did not differ among treatments (p > 0.05). In the dams, labor duration was not affected by the treatments (p > 0.05). The T-150 dams were faster to clean the newborn and allow first suckling (p < 0.05). The T-150 progeny were faster to stand and the T-300 progeny were faster to connect to the udder (p < 0.05). We conclude that energy supplementation of the dam during the last third of gestation does not affect the birth weight of the progeny, but enhances the mother–young bonding.

scholarly journals Monitoring of physiological and blood parameters during perinatal and neonatal period in calves

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Piccione ◽  
S. Casella ◽  
P. Pennisi ◽  
C. Giannetto ◽  
A. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Adaptation Processes

Rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates, and the course of some blood parameters were monitored in calves during perinatal and neonatal periods. The study was carried out on eight Limousine calves. From all subjects, rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were measured. Blood samples were taken at the same hour (9am) from the external jugular vein, and then centrifuged and stored until analyses. By means of an UV spectrophotometer, the following blood parameters were assessed for each subject: total protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea, creatinine, cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxybutirate, glutamate pyruvate transaminases (GPT), glutamate oxalacetate transaminases (GOT), direct and total bilirubin, magnesium, iron, potassium, phosphorus, chloride and sodium. The results showed a significant effect of days of life (P<0.05) only on total cholesterol, creatinine and GOT during the first week of life and a significant effect of days of life on rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, total cholesterol, NEFA, creatinina, and GOT during the first month of life. A correlation among individual values for postnatal age (days of life) and heart rate in calves during the first month of life was observed. In conclusion, modifications of studied parameters could be attributed to functional development of calves in neonatal period and contribute to the knowledge of adaptation processes in calf during the first week and the first month of life resulting useful for the diagnosis and treatment of any neonatal diseases.

Acclimatization of calves to a hot dry environment

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bianca
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Metabolic Heat Production ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Physiological Reactions

1. Three calves were individually exposed in a climatic room to an environment of 45° C. dry-bulb and 28° C. wet-bulb temperature for 21 successive days up to 5 hr. each day.2. In the 21-day period, mostly during the first half of it, the following changes in the physiological reactions of the animals were observed: progressive reductions in rectal temperature, in heart rate and in respiratory rate with a change of breathing from a laboured to a less laboured type.3. It was suggested that a decrease in metabolic heat production might play a part in the observed acclimatization.

Study on Comparison Between Lignocaine and Lignocaine-Xylazine on Caudal Epidural Injection on Fogera Breed Cow in Gondar University Dairy Farm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endalkachew hailu ◽  
Gashaw Kasse
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Caudal Epidural

Abstract Background: Caudal epidural anesthesia commonly utilized in veterinary practice to allow diagnostic, obstetrical, and surgical interventions in the perineal region of cows. An experimental study conducted on epidural anesthesia from October 2018 to March 2019 on 6 cows with repeated treatments after one week by two groups of anesthetic drugs. Methods and materias First Lignocaine is given for Group-I of cows in the first intercoccygeal space and then the same animals after one week injected Lignocaine-Xylazine together in the intercoccygeal space. The Clinical-physiological parameters such as the onset of analgesia, duration of analgesia, ataxia, sedation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature between the two groups studied by compression. Finally, the significance of the change in the study unit between Lignocaine and Lignocaine-Xylazine analyzed according to SPSS version 19 for t-test and P-value <0.05 taken as statistically significant. Results: There was no significant change that appeared between the onset of analgesia of Lignocaine (4.3±0.6min) alone and Lignocaine-Xylazine (4.9±1.1min) injection together (t=1.17; P>0.05). This indicates that the addition of Xylazine to Lignocaine does not significantly delay the onset of anesthesia. However, there was a significant difference observed in the duration of analgesia between two groups (t=13.2; P<0.05) with Lignocaine-Xylazine (259.5±12.38min) longer duration than Lignocaine alone (84±4.05min). This indicates that Lignocaine and Xylazine have an additive effect on the duration of analgesia. In the case of physiological parameters, there were significant variations in heart rate (t=7.5; P<0.05) with Group II cows lower in heart rate than Group I cows. Statistically, a significant difference was also observed on respiratory rate (t=2.13; P<0.05) in which the addition of Xylazine on Lignocaine significantly lower breathing rate than Lignocaine injection alone. Finally, on rectal temperature, there was no statistically significant difference appeared (t=1.7; P>0.005) with rectal temperature in Group I cows (0.15± 0.28 OC) and in Group II cows (0.9±0.31 OC) which indicate that addition of Xylazine to Lignocaine lower rectal temperature similar to Lignocaine injection alone. Mild ataxia was observed in three groups I, cows, and there was no sedation and salivation noted at all. In Group II, cows mild to severe ataxia, deep sedation, salivation, and falling observed. In both groups, there was no anesthetic complication during epidural analgesia and after recovery noted.Conclusion: generally this study showed that, combination of Lignocaine and Xylazine have an additive effect on the duration and quality of analgesia.

A STANDARDIZED METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN THE RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Downie ◽  
J. A. F. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Standardized Method

Although the blood pressure is one of the important criteria in the standardization of hemorrhagic shock in the dog, it has rarely been used for this purpose in the rat. A method resembling the reservoir technique developed by Wiggers and Werle (1942) for the dog using blood pressure as the criterion has been modified for use with the rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 400 gm. were used. In the standardization of this technique the blood pressure was reduced to 30 mm. Hg in a 10-min. period of hemorrhage and then maintained at this level by subsequent small hemorrhages into the reservoir until reinfusion indicated the beginning of vascular collapse, at which time all the blood in the reservoir was returned. Considering that those animals which lived longer than 48 hr. were survivors, in a series of 27 animals, 21 died and 6 survived—a mortality rate of 78%.During the hypotensive period there was a consistent and steady drop in the respiratory rate and rectal temperature. The heart rate declined initially and tended to recover as the hypotensive period progressed. After reinfusion the blood pressure rose but. did not reach prehemorrhage levels. Hemorrhage into the bowel and convulsions were significant postreinfusion findings.

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