A review of the relationship between the gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism

Abstract Background Early-weaning of piglets is often accompanied by severe disorders, especially diarrhea. The gut microbiota and its metabolites play a critical role in the maintenance of the physiologic and metabolic homeostasis of the host. Our previous studies have demonstrated that oral administration of Lactobacillus frumenti improves epithelial barrier functions and confers diarrhea resistance in early-weaned piglets. However, the metabolic response to L. frumenti administration remains unclear. Then, we conducted simultaneous serum and hepatic metabolomic analyses in early-weaned piglets administered by L. frumenti or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Results A total of 100 6-day-old crossbred piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly divided into two groups and piglets received PBS (sterile, 2 mL) or L. frumenti (suspension in PBS, 108 CFU/mL, 2 mL) by oral administration once per day from 6 to 20 days of age. Piglets were weaned at 21 days of age. Serum and liver samples for metabolomic analyses were collected at 26 days of age. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that L. frumenti altered metabolism in serum and liver. Numerous correlations (P < 0.05) were identified among the serum and liver metabolites that were affected by L. frumenti. Concentrations of guanosine monophosphate (GMP), inosine monophosphate (IMP), and uric acid were higher in serum of L. frumenti administration piglets. Pathway analysis indicated that L. frumenti regulated fatty acid and amino acid metabolism in serum and liver. Concentrations of fatty acid β-oxidation related metabolites in serum (such as 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, C4-OH) and liver (such as acetylcarnitine) were increased after L. frumenti administration. Conclusions Our findings suggest that L. frumenti regulates lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism in the liver of early-weaned piglets, where it promotes fatty acid β-oxidation and energy production. High serum concentrations of nucleotide intermediates, which may be an alternative strategy to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in early-weaned piglets, were further detected. These findings broaden our understanding of the relationships between the gut microbiota and nutrient metabolism in the early-weaned piglets.

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Extracellular Matrix Stiffness: New Areas Affecting Cell Metabolism

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.631991 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Heming Ge ◽

Mengxiang Tian ◽

Qian Pei ◽

Fengbo Tan ◽

Haiping Pei

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

Metabolic Reprogramming ◽

Matrix Stiffness ◽

Extracellular Matrix Stiffness ◽

The Relationship ◽

Novel Therapeutic

In recent years, in-depth studies have shown that extracellular matrix stiffness plays an important role in cell growth, proliferation, migration, immunity, malignant transformation, and apoptosis. Most of these processes entail metabolic reprogramming of cells. However, the exact mechanism through which extracellular matrix stiffness leads to metabolic reprogramming remains unclear. Insights regarding the relationship between extracellular matrix stiffness and metabolism could help unravel novel therapeutic targets and guide development of clinical approaches against a myriad of diseases. This review provides an overview of different pathways of extracellular matrix stiffness involved in regulating glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism.

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Identification of the relationship between the gut microbiome and feed efficiency in a commercial pig cohort

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab045 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hui Jiang ◽

Shaoming Fang ◽

Hui Yang ◽

Congying Chen

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Metagenomic Sequencing ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Feed efficiency is an economically important trait in pig production. Gut microbiota plays an important role in energy harvest, nutrient metabolism and fermentation of dietary indigestible components. Whether and which gut microbes affect feed efficiency in pigs are largely unknown. Here, a total of 208 healthy Duroc pigs were used as experimental materials. Feces and serum samples were collected at the age of 140d. We first performed 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing analysis to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome and porcine residual feed intake (RFI). 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis detected 21 OTUs showing the tendency to correlation with the RFI (P < 0.01). Metagenomic sequencing further identified that the members of Clostridiales, e.g. Ruminococcus flavefaoiens, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 28-4 and Lachnospiraceae phytofermentans, were enriched in pigs with low RFI (high feed efficiency), while 11 bacterial species including five Prevotella spp., especially, the Prevotella copri, had higher abundance in pigs with high RFI. Functional capacity analysis suggested that the gut microbiome of low RFI pigs had high abundance of the pathways related to amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis, but low abundance of the pathways associated with monosaccharide metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Serum metabolome and fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined by UPLC-QTOF/MS and gas chromatograph, respectively. Propionic acid in feces and the serum metabolites related to amino acid metabolism were negatively correlated with the RFI. The results from this study may provide potential gut microbial biomarkers that could be used for improving feed efficiency in pig production industry.

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The Association of Gut Microbiota with Osteoporosis is Mediated by Amino Acid Metabolism: Multiomics in a Large Cohort

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab492 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chu-wen Ling ◽

Zelei Miao ◽

Mian-li Xiao ◽

Hongwei Zhou ◽

Zengliang Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

High Performance ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Large Population ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Gut Dysbiosis ◽

Serum Metabolomics

Abstract Context Several small studies have suggested that the gut microbiome might influence osteoporosis, but there is little evidence from human metabolomics studies to explain this association. Objective This study examined the association of gut microbiome dysbiosis with osteoporosis and explored the potential pathways through which this association occurs using faecal and serum metabolomics. Methods We analysed the composition of the gut microbiota by 16S rRNA profiling and bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 1776 community-based adults. Targeted metabolomics in faeces (15 categories) and serum (12 categories) were further analysed in 971 participants using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results This study showed that osteoporosis was related to the beta diversity, taxonomy and functional composition of the gut microbiota. The relative abundance of Actinobacillus, Blautia, Oscillospira, Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium was positively associated with osteoporosis. However, Veillonellaceae other, Collinsella and Ruminococcaceae other were inversely associated with the presence of osteoporosis. The association between microbiota biomarkers and osteoporosis was related to levels of peptidases and transcription machinery in microbial function. Faecal and serum metabolomics analyses suggested that tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation were significantly linked to the identified microbiota biomarkers and to osteoporosis, respectively. Conclusion This large population-based study provided robust evidence connecting gut dysbiosis, faecal metabolomics and serum metabolomics with osteoporosis. Our results suggest that gut dysbiosis and amino acid metabolism could be targets for intervention in osteoporosis.

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Gut microbiota development in mice is affected by hydrogen peroxide produced from amino acid metabolism during lactation

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fj.201801462r ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 3343-3352 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yuko Shigeno ◽

Haolin Zhang ◽

Taihei Banno ◽

Kento Usuda ◽

Tomonori Nochi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism

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Isotopic and genetic methods reveal the role of the gut microbiome in mammalian host essential amino acid metabolism

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2019.2995 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 287 (1922) ◽

pp. 20192995 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Seth D. Newsome ◽

Kelli L. Feeser ◽

Christina J. Bradley ◽

Caitlin Wolf ◽

Cristina Takacs-Vesbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Mouse Muscle ◽

Intestinal Microbes ◽

Simple Carbohydrates

Intestinal microbiota perform many functions for their host, but among the most important is their role in metabolism, especially the conversion of recalcitrant biomass that the host is unable to digest into bioavailable compounds. Most studies have focused on the assistance gut microbiota provide in the metabolism of carbohydrates, however, their role in host amino acid metabolism is poorly understood. We conducted an experiment on Mus musculus using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and carbon isotope analysis of essential amino acids (AA ESS ) to quantify the community composition of gut microbiota and the contribution of carbohydrate carbon used by the gut microbiome to synthesize AA ESS that are assimilated by mice to build skeletal muscle tissue. The relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes inversely varied as a function of dietary macromolecular content, with Firmicutes dominating when mice were fed low-protein diets that contained the highest proportions of simple carbohydrates (sucrose). Mixing models estimated that the microbial contribution of AA ESS to mouse muscle varied from less than 5% (threonine, lysine, and phenylalanine) to approximately 60% (valine) across diet treatments, with the Firmicute-dominated microbiome associated with the greatest contribution. Our results show that intestinal microbes can provide a significant source of the AA ESS their host uses to synthesize structural tissues. The role that gut microbiota play in the amino acid metabolism of animals that consume protein-deficient diets is likely a significant but under-recognized aspect of foraging ecology and physiology.

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The mutual interaction between gut microbiota and protein/amino acid metabolism for host mucosal immunity and health

Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.003 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Liuting Wu ◽

Zhiru Tang ◽

Huiyuan Chen ◽

Zhongxiang Ren ◽

Qi Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Mucosal Immunity ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Mutual Interaction ◽

Protein Amino Acid

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The Association between Gut Microbiota and Osteoporosis was Mediated by Amino Acid Metabolism: Multi-omics Integration in a Large Adult Cohort

10.1101/2020.08.28.20183764 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chu-wen Ling ◽

Zelei Miao ◽

Mian-li Xiao ◽

Hongwei Zhou ◽

Zengliang Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Large Population ◽

Human Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Gut Dysbiosis ◽

Serum Metabolomics

Several small studies suggested gut microbiome might influence osteoporosis, but rare metabolomics evidence from human study had explained the link. This study examined the association of gut microbiome dysbiosis with osteoporosis and explored the potential pathways by using fecal and serum metabolomics.We analyzed gut microbiota compositions by 16S rRNA profiling and bone density (BMD) using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 1776 community-based adults. Targeted metabolomics in feces (15 categories) and serum (12 categories) were further analyzed in 971 participants with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.This study showed osteoporosis was related to gut microbiota beta diversity, taxonomy and functional composition. The relative abundance of Actinobacillus, Blautia, Oscillospira, Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium was positively, while Veillonellaceae other, Collinsella and Ruminococcaceae other were inversely, associated with the presence of osteoporosis, which related to higher levels of peptidases and transcription machinery in microbial function. Fecal and serum metabolomics analyses suggested that the tyrosine metabolism and the tryptophan metabolism in feces and the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation in serum were significantly linked to the identified microbiota biomarkers and osteoporosis.This large population-based study provided the robust evidence connecting gut dysbiosis, fecal and serum metabolomics with osteoporosis. Our results suggested that gut dysbiosis and amino acid metabolism could be potential targets for the intervention of osteoporosis.

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Differences in Gut Microbiota Profiles and Functions Between End-stage Renal Disease and Healthy Populations

10.21203/rs.3.rs-82652/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ping-Hsun Wu ◽

Ting-Yun Lin ◽

Hsiu J. Ho ◽

Ching-Hung Tseng ◽

Yi-Ting Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage ◽

And Control ◽

Esrd Patients

Abstract Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have extremely high risks of mortality and morbidity, as well as altered gut microbiota and impaired intestinal barrier function. The translocation of gut-derived molecules in ESRD contributes to systemic complications. In this study, we evaluated the gut microbiome difference in ESRD patients compared to age- and gender-matched subjects without kidney disease in discovery and validation cohorts.Results: Compared to controls with normal renal function, an increased α-diversity and distinct β-diversity were found in ESRD subjects. The increase in α-diversity was correlated with protein-bound uremic toxins, particularly hippuric acid. A higher microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) was found in ESRD patients with the following enriched genera: Facealibacterium, Ruminococcus, Fusobacterium, Dorea, Anaerovorax, Sarcina, Akkemansia, Streptococcus, and Dysgonomonas. MDI at the genus level demonstrated highly differentiated accuracies between ESRD and control subjects in the discovery cohort (area under the curve [AUC] of 81.9%) and between ESRD and control subjects in the validation cohort (AUC of 83.2%). On functional enrichment analysis with gut metabolic modules, ESRD subjects presented with increased saccharide and amino acid metabolism when compared with matched controls.Conclusions: An enriched but dysbiotic gut microbiota was presented in ESRD patients, in which the bacteria that were present increase amino acid metabolism linked to the production of protein-bound uremic toxins.

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