scholarly journals Understanding usage style transformation during long-term smartwatch use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aku Visuri ◽  
Niels van Berkel ◽  
Jorge Goncalves ◽  
Reza Rawassizadeh ◽  
Denzil Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Usage Data

AbstractDespite large investments in smartwatch development, the market growth remains smaller than forecasted. The purpose of smartwatch use remains unclear, indicated by the lack of large-scale adoption. Thus, we aim to better understand the early adoption and everyday smartwatch use. We investigate a diverse usage data of smartwatches logged over a period of up to 14 months from 79 individuals between December 2015 and March 2017, one of the largest wearable datasets collected. First, we identify both explorative and accepted behaviours that users exhibit and further investigate how the individual usage traits and features differ between the two categories. Our analysis offers an insightful perspective on how smartwatch use evolves organically. Our results improve our shared understanding of smartwatch use and users adapting their use of smartwatch over time to match the capabilities of the technology by validating numerous findings from previous literature.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Rearrangements in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strains Isolated from Asymptomatic Human Carriers

mBio ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. David Matthews ◽  
Wolfgang Rabsch ◽  
Stanley Maloy
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Bacterial Chromosomes ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTHost-specific serovars ofSalmonella entericaoften have large-scale chromosomal rearrangements that occur by recombination betweenrrnoperons. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain these rearrangements: (i) replichore imbalance from horizontal gene transfer drives the rearrangements to restore balance, or (ii) the rearrangements are a consequence of the host-specific lifestyle. Although recent evidence has refuted the replichore balance hypothesis, there has been no direct evidence for the lifestyle hypothesis. To test this hypothesis, we determined therrnarrangement type for 20Salmonella entericaserovar Typhi strains obtained from human carriers at periodic intervals over multiple years. These strains were also phage typed and analyzed for rearrangements that occurred over long-term storage versus routine culturing. Strains isolated from the same carrier at different time points often exhibited different arrangement types. Furthermore, colonies isolated directly from the Dorset egg slants used to store the strains also had different arrangement types. In contrast, colonies that were repeatedly cultured always had the same arrangement type. Estimated replichore balance of isolated strains did not improve over time, and some of the rearrangements resulted in decreased replicore balance. Our results support the hypothesis that the restricted lifestyle of host-specificSalmonellais responsible for the frequent chromosomal rearrangements in these serovars.IMPORTANCEAlthough it was previously thought that bacterial chromosomes were stable, comparative genomics has demonstrated that bacterial chromosomes are dynamic, undergoing rearrangements that change the order and expression of genes. While mostSalmonellastrains have a conserved chromosomal arrangement type, rearrangements are very common in host-specificSalmonellastrains. This study suggests that chromosome rearrangements in the host-specificSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi, the causal agent of typhoid fever, occur within the human host over time. The results also indicate that rearrangements can occur during long-term maintenance on laboratory medium. Although these genetic changes do not limit survival under slow-growth conditions, they may limit the survival ofSalmonellaTyphi in other environments, as predicted for the role of pseudogenes and genome reduction in niche-restricted bacteria.

scholarly journals O7C.2 Developing a measuring strategy for monitoring and evaluation of a national occupational health intervention programme in great britain (GB)

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A64.3-A65
Author(s):  
Yiqun Chen ◽  
Andrew Curran
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Over Time

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is the GB regulator for health and safety at work. The HSE Health and Work (H&W) program designs and carries out a wide range of interventions; including inspection, enforcement and other regulatory activities as well as prevention; targeting priority health conditions in high-risk sectors. It is anticipated that long-term, sustainable and coordinated actions developed as part of the program will over time improve awareness, behaviors, control of exposures, and, as a result, prevent work-related ill health in GB workforce.An HSE Measuring Strategy, together with measurement framework and principles, has been developed. The measurement framework draws together data systems, covering Attitudes (A), Behaviors (B), Control of exposures (C), and Disease and work-related ill health reduction (D), based on a simple model to provide evidence required for evaluating the short, medium and long term impacts of the large scale and complex H&W program on the GB health and safety system. The Strategy gives a new focus on measuring behavioral changes and risk reductions; and emphasizes longitudinal measurement designs to assess progress over time.For developing the Strategy, workshops were organized to bring stakeholders across HSE to review existing systems for conducting population surveys, collecting exposure intelligence and occupational health surveillance, which have contributed to forming a long-term vision of fit-for-purpose measurement systems.We will present the development of the Strategy and the plans to implement it with the H&W program, which requires close collaborations between epidemiologists and social researchers, policy makers, and other multidisciplinary regulatory specialists. The lessons learnt will help HSE towards building the right evidence base for monitoring and evaluation of a range of national level intervention programs for work-related ill health prevention.©British Crown copyright (2019)

Women in Construction and the Workforce Investment Act

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Arcand
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Scale Construction ◽  
Workforce Investment Act ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Over Time

This article examines whether women’s representation among senior-level construction jobs increased over time during a long-term, large-scale construction project in Boston, Massachusetts, and whether enactment of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) has fostered support and connection to construction career opportunities for women in this metropolitan area. Results show that the proportion of hours worked by women in senior-level positions on the project was relatively high for a few years, followed by a general decline across all job types, and the WIA did not significantly enhance opportunities for women in construction.

Risk and Protective Factors for Depression in Youth

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Shortt ◽  
Susan H. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Protective Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

AbstractRisk and protective processes and mechanisms associated with depression in youth are discussed within a developmental–ecological framework. Risk factors at the individual (genetics, biology, affect, cognition, behaviour) and broader contextual levels (e.g., family, school, community) are proposed to interact, leading to the development of depression in youth. Transactions between these individual and contextual factors are suggested to be dynamic and reciprocal, and these transactions are expected to change over time and developmental course. The ‘best bet’ for the prevention of depression may be multicomponent and multilevel interventions that address the multiple risk and protective factors associated with depression. Preventive interventions need to focus on building protective factors within young people themselves, as well as creating health-promoting environments at home and at school. These interventions likely need to be long term and geared towards assisting youth across successive periods of development.

Peak Impact Accelerations during Track and Treadmill Running

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M.R. Bigelow ◽  
Niell G. Elvin ◽  
Alex A. Elvin ◽  
Steven P. Arnoczky
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Acrylic Plate ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Wireless Accelerometer ◽  
Vertical Impact ◽  
Over Time

To determine whether peak vertical and horizontal impact accelerations were different while running on a track or on a treadmill, 12 healthy subjects (average age 32.8 ± 9.8 y), were fitted with a novel, wireless accelerometer capable of recording triaxial acceleration over time. The accelerometer was attached to a custom-made acrylic plate and secured at the level of the L5 vertebra via a tight fitting triathlon belt. Each subject ran 4 miles on a synthetic, indoor track at a self-selected pace and accelerations were recorded on three perpendicular axes. Seven days later, the subjects ran 4 miles on a treadmill set at the individual runner’s average pace on the track and the peak vertical and horizontal impact magnitudes between the track and treadmill were compared. There was no difference (P= .52) in the average peak vertical impact accelerations between the track and treadmill over the 4 mile run. However, peak horizontal impact accelerations were greater (P= .0012) on the track when compared with the treadmill. This study demonstrated the feasibility for long-term impact accelerations monitoring using a novel wireless accelerometer.

Investigations on the permeability of MgO concrete with 5-1-8 phase at the GV2-drift-sealing in the Teutschenthal mine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Arendt ◽  
Wolfram Kudla ◽  
Thomas Wilsnack ◽  
Till Popp ◽  
Daniela Freyer
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Binder Phase ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Measuring Period ◽  
Mgo Concrete ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Drill Cores

<p>For underground storage facilities and future HAW repositories, a secure closure is indispensable. Within the scope of two consecutive research projects, three closure elements were installed in large-scale tests at the Teutschenthal mine in the Carnallitit Mountains between 2006 and 2008. Special mention should be made here of the large-scale test 2 (“GV2”), which was produced from MgO concrete with the 5-1-8 binder phase. This structure was made using the dry-mix shotcrete procedure. The low temperature development during the setting of the shotcrete was very advantageous. The 10.25 m long structure, with a height and width of 3.55 m each, consists of 104 concreting sections with an average layer thickness of 9.9 cm. It was of interest whether the concreting section boundaries (“BAG”) influence the permeability (negatively). The structure is equipped with pressure transmitters and TDR sensors in three measuring levels. After completion of the structure and injections in the contact area, the integral system permeability was 2*10<sup>‑16</sup> m². Liquid pressurization via pressure chamber was carried out on the test structure after a maturing period of about 10 years. After 8 years, the permeability with gas and with solution was determined in boreholes and on drill cores, especially with regard to the development over time. The determined in-situ gas permeability is on average 2.7*10<sup>‑19</sup> m², on compact concrete (without BAGs) on average 2.0*10<sup>-20</sup> m². Test areas containing BAGs showed a higher permeability of maximum three orders of magnitude in some measurements. The solution permeability was determined both with a saturated NaCl solution and with a NaCl-saturated solution containing MgCl<sub>2</sub> and is between 1.0*10<sup>‑20</sup> m² and 9.0*10<sup>‑20</sup> m², whereby this decreases by half a power of ten over the measurement period of 600 days. In further integral injection tests in 4.5 m and 4.8 m long boreholes, a significant decrease in permeability over time was also observed. From an initial 2*10<sup>‑15</sup> m² and 4*10<sup>‑16</sup> m², respectively, the integral permeability decreased to <10<sup>‑19</sup> m² over a measuring period of 2.5 years. The reason for this decrease is the reduction of pore space due to the recrystallization of MgO and the transformation of the metastable 5-1-8 phase to the long-term stable 3-1-8 phase due to the increase in volume that takes place when the solution is added. Potential weak points or defects at the technically determined concrete section boundaries, therefore, do not represent weak zones in the structure in the long term due to this self-healing effect.</p><p>This paper reports on the large-scale experiment GV2 made of MgO concrete with 5-1-8 phase and the comprehensive permeability and strength investigations in drillings and on drill cores. The test results are the precondition for a modeling of the long-term behaviour of MgO-concrete.</p>

A changing economic vote in Western Europe? Long-term vs. short-term forces

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Dassonneville ◽  
Michael S. Lewis-Beck
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Elections ◽  
European Elections ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Economic Vote ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

AbstractConsiderable research shows the presence of an economic vote, with governments rewarded or punished by voters, depending on the state of the economy. But how stable is this economic vote? A current argument holds its effect has increased over time, because of weakening long-term social and political forces. Under these conditions, short-term forces, foremostly the economic issue, can come to the fore. A counter-argument, however, sees the economic vote effect in decline, due to globalization. Against these rival hypotheses rests the status-quo argument: the economic vote effect remains unchanged. To test these claims, we estimate carefully specified models of the incumbent vote, at both the individual and aggregate levels. Western European elections provide the data, with particular attention to Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. Perhaps surprisingly, we find the economic vote to be stable over time, a ‘standing decision’ rule that voters follow in national elections.

Terminology of long-term geomorphology: a Scandinavian perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Stepped Surfaces ◽  
Base Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
Over Time

In this paper the terminology used in long-term geomorphology is evaluated. Long-term geomorphology is the study of landforms that are of mostly pre-Quaternary, Cenozoic, Mesozoic or even Palaeozoic age. Many terms have been introduced to name the long-term large-scale landforms that persist to the present. The definitions of many of these terms are ambiguous, have changed over time, and their use and meaning is consequently often unclear. An attempt is made to clarify definitions, when possible, and to facilitate more concise usage of these terms. Long-term geomorphology deals in great parts with the lowering of a land surface to the base level (mostly sea level), leaving a new land surface. The largest group of terms concerns descriptions and genetic models for these kinds of new land surfaces collectively called `base level surfaces' here. Other terms discussed here relate to relict and preglacial landforms and regional terms for stepped surfaces. Terminology is discussed with particular reference to examples from and its use in Scandinavia. There is a long history of long-term geomorphology study in this region. Scandinavia is unique in the respect that pre-Quaternary landforms were repeatedly covered by Quaternary ice sheets but often survived with different degrees of glacial modification.

scholarly journals Digital Intelligence Banking of Adaptive Digital Marketing with Life Needs Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Konishi ◽  
Fumito Nakamura ◽  
Yasushi Kiyoki
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Meaningful Information ◽  
Information Assets ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

While individuals benefit from the goods and services provided by companies that enrich their lives and that have adapted to a dynamic environment that is always changing, these companies pay a high communication cost to access opportunities to provide these goods and services and to seek a better understanding of individual customers’ changing needs. Although vast amounts of information can be obtained, databases and machine learning are playing an increasingly important role in extracting meaning from this information, turning it into meaningful information assets that consider circumstances and contexts, and individualizing the economy of information. I propose an implementation method for providing information to enrich the profiles of individual customers by consolidating different data, calculating the individual customers’ needs through the relationships between customers and products, evaluating the change in relationships between individual customers and products over time, and providing goods and services to suit different intervals of change to factors such as lifestyle and living environment. As there are different factors involved in estimating the incidence of needs, and different frequencies and rates at which they occur, based on the special characteristics of products, different data are required to estimate such needs. By profiling individuals over the long term, it is possible to build an information provision environment that is conducive to companies’ customer acquisition.

All Masters

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-118
Author(s):  
Justine Firnhaber-Baker
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Professional Networks ◽  
Northern France ◽  
Public Execution ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rapid Transformation ◽  
Immediate Mobilization ◽  
Over Time

This chapter looks at the causes and methods behind the Jacquerie’s sudden emergence after 28 May. The massacre at Saint-Leu-d’Esserent was a watershed moment that enabled the rapid transformation of latent resentments into large-scale, violent rebellion. Due both to recent military developments and economic dislocation connected with the Black Death, rural commoners in northern France were experiencing a crisis of the ‘moral economy’ severe enough to make some of them undertake previously unimagined action. But immediate mobilization required previous preparation. As sociologists have demonstrated, rebellion is not a process that happens by chance even if it is made possible by opportunity. It appears that the Jacquerie’s leaders were able to take advantage of pre-existing efforts to ready the countryside’s defences, as well as social and professional networks among commoners in the Beauvaisis. By 31 May, the rebellion was sufficiently organized to capture a traitor and transfer him to a local captain elsewhere who carried out a public execution attended by hundreds of witnesses. The story of this ‘traitor’ is indicative of the kinds of relationships that facilitated the revolt’s almost instantaneous mobilization, as well as the individual and accidental trajectories that led people to join or to eschew the Jacquerie, and how their paths might change over time.

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