scholarly journals Accuracy of CAD/CAM-fabricated bite splints: milling vs 3D printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 4607-4615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reymus Marcel ◽  
Hickel Reinhard ◽  
Keßler Andreas
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Deviation Measurement ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of CAD/CAM-fabricated bite splints in dependence of fabrication method (milling vs 3D printing), positioning (horizontal vs vertical), selection of material, and method of deviation measurement. Materials and methods Bite splints were 3D-printed in either horizontal or vertical position (n = 10) using four different resins (Dental LT, Ortho Clear, Freeprint Splint, V-Splint). As control, ten bite splints were fabricated by CNC milling (ProArt CAD Splint). The splints were scanned and deviations between the CAD-file (trueness) and between each other within one group (precision) were measured by two different software applications and methods (cloud-to-cloud vs cloud-to-mesh). Data were analyzed using univariate analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results The highest impact on accuracy was exerted by the selection of the material (trueness: ηP2 = 0.871, P < 0.001; precision: ηP2 = 0.715, P < 0.001). Milled splints showed the highest trueness (P < 0.01) but not the highest precision at the same time. Horizontally positioned 3D-printed bite splints showed the least deviations in terms of trueness while vertical positioning resulted in the highest precision. The cloud-to-cloud method showed higher measured deviations than the other methods (P < 0.001–P = 0.002). Conclusion Milled splints show higher trueness than 3D-printed ones, while the latter reveal higher reproducibility. The calculated deviations vary according to the measurement method used. Clinical relevance In terms of accuracy, milled and 3D-printed bite splints seem to be of equal quality.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1524
Author(s):  
Sadikalmahdi Abdella ◽  
Souha H. Youssef ◽  
Franklin Afinjuomo ◽  
Yunmei Song ◽  
Paris Fouladian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Selection Of

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is among the rapidly evolving technologies with applications in many sectors. The pharmaceutical industry is no exception, and the approval of the first 3D-printed tablet (Spiratam®) marked a revolution in the field. Several studies reported the fabrication of different dosage forms using a range of 3D printing techniques. Thermosensitive drugs compose a considerable segment of available medications in the market requiring strict temperature control during processing to ensure their efficacy and safety. Heating involved in some of the 3D printing technologies raises concerns regarding the feasibility of the techniques for printing thermolabile drugs. Studies reported that semi-solid extrusion (SSE) is the commonly used printing technique to fabricate thermosensitive drugs. Digital light processing (DLP), binder jetting (BJ), and stereolithography (SLA) can also be used for the fabrication of thermosensitive drugs as they do not involve heating elements. Nonetheless, degradation of some drugs by light source used in the techniques was reported. Interestingly, fused deposition modelling (FDM) coupled with filling techniques offered protection against thermal degradation. Concepts such as selection of low melting point polymers, adjustment of printing parameters, and coupling of more than one printing technique were exploited in printing thermosensitive drugs. This systematic review presents challenges, 3DP procedures, and future directions of 3D printing of thermo-sensitive formulations.

scholarly journals 3D printed complete removable dental prostheses: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Anadioti ◽  
Leen Musharbash ◽  
Markus B. Blatz ◽  
George Papavasiliou ◽  
Phophi Kamposiora
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Digital Dentistry ◽  
Dental Prostheses ◽  
Removable Dental Prostheses ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Background The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature on three-dimensionally printed complete dentures in terms of novel biomaterials, fabrication techniques and workflow, clinical performance and patient satisfaction. Methods The methodology included applying a search strategy, defining inclusion and exclusion criteria, selecting studies and forming tables to summarize the results. Searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were performed independently by two reviewers to gather literature published between 2010 and 2020. Results A total of 126 titles were obtained from the electronic database, and the application of exclusion criteria resulted in the identification of 21 articles pertaining to printed technology for complete dentures. Current innovations and developments in digital dentistry have successfully led to the fabrication of removable dental prostheses using CAD/CAM technologies. Milled dentures have been studied more than 3D printed ones in the currently available literature. The limited number of clinical studies, mainly case reports, suggest current indications of 3D printing in denture fabrication process to be custom tray, record bases, trial, interim or immediate dentures but not definitive prostheses fabrication. Limitations include poor esthetics and retention, inability to balance occlusion and low printer resolution. Conclusions Initial studies on digital dentures have shown promising short-term clinical performance, positive patient-related results and reasonable cost-effectiveness. 3D printing has potential to modernize and streamline the denture fabrication techniques, materials and workflows. However, more research is required on the existing and developing materials and printers to allow for advancement and increase its application in removable prosthodontics.

scholarly journals Assessment of the reproducibility and precision of milling and 3D printing surgical guides

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sueli Mukai ◽  
Eduardo Mukai ◽  
José Arnaldo Santos-Junior ◽  
Jamil Awad Shibli ◽  
Marcelo Faveri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Surgical Guides ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Test For Normality ◽  
Smirnov Test

Abstract Background Technology advancement has rising in the past decade and brought several innovations and improvements. In dentistry, this advances provided more comfortable and quick procedures to both the patient and the dental surgeon, generating less predictability in the final result. Several techniques has been developed for the preparation of surgical guides aiming at the optimization of surgical procedures. The present study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility and precision of two types of surgical guides obtained using 3D printing and milling methods. Methods A virtual model was developed that allowed the virtual design of milled (n = 10) or 3D printed (n = 10) surgical guides. The surgical guides were digitally oriented and overlapped on the virtual model. For the milling guides, the Sirona Dentsply system was used, while the 3D printing guides were produced using EnvisionTEC’s Perfactory P4K Life Series 3D printer and E-Guide Tint, a biocompatible Class I certified material. The precision and trueness of each group during overlap were assessed. The data were analyzed with GraphPad software using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for normality and Student’s t test for the variables. Results The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test showed a normal distribution of the data. Comparisons between groups showed no statistically significant differences for trueness (p = 0.529) or precision (p = 0.3021). However, a significant difference was observed in the standard deviation of mismatches regarding accuracy from the master model (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Within the limits of this study, surgical guides fabricated by milling or prototyped processes achieved similar results.

scholarly journals Post-3D printing modification for improved biomedical applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Selection Of

3D printing is a technology well-suited for biomedical applications due to its ability to create highly complex and arbitrary structures from personalized designs with fast turnaround. However, due to limited selection of 3D-printable materials, the biofunctionality of many 3D-printed components has not been paid enough attention. In this perspective, we point out that post-3D printing modification is the solution that could close the gap between 3D printing technology and requirements of biomedical applications. We identify architectural reconfiguration and surface functionalization as the two main post-3D printing modification processes and discuss potential techniques for post-3D printing modification to achieve desired biofunctionality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Color Stability of 3D-Printed Crown and Bridge Materials against Various Sources of Discoloration: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5359
Author(s):  
Ji-Won Shin ◽  
Jong-Eun Kim ◽  
Young-Jin Choi ◽  
Seung-Ho Shin ◽  
Na-Eun Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
3D Printed

Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing have introduced new materials that can be utilized for dental restorations. Nonetheless, there are limited studies on the color stability of restorations using 3D-printed crowns and bridge resins. Herein, the color stability of conventional computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks and 3D-printing resins was evaluated and assessed for their degrees of discoloration based on material type, colorant types (grape juice, coffee, curry, and distilled water (control group)), and storage duration (2, 7, and 30 days) in the colorants. Water sorption, solubility, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses were conducted. A three-way ANOVA analysis showed that all three factors significantly affected the color change of the materials. Notably, the discoloration (ΔE00) was significantly higher in all 3D printing resins (4.74–22.85 over the 30 days) than in CAD/CAM blocks (0.64–4.12 over the 30 days) following immersion in all colorants. 3D-printing resins showed color differences above the clinical limit (2.25) following storage for 7 days or longer in all experimental groups. Curry was the most prominent colorant, and discoloration increased in almost all groups as the storage duration increased. This study suggests that discoloration must be considered when using 3D printing resins for restorations.

scholarly journals Materials Testing for the Development of Biocompatible Devices through Vat-Polymerization 3D Printing

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1788
Author(s):  
Gustavo González ◽  
Désirée Baruffaldi ◽  
Cinzia Martinengo ◽  
Angelo Angelini ◽  
Annalisa Chiappone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
A549 Cell Line ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Printing Techniques ◽  
Selection Of

Light-based 3D printing techniques could be a valuable instrument in the development of customized and affordable biomedical devices, basically for high precision and high flexibility in terms of materials of these technologies. However, more studies related to the biocompatibility of the printed objects are required to expand the use of these techniques in the health sector. In this work, 3D printed polymeric parts are produced in lab conditions using a commercial Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printer and then successfully tested to fabricate components suitable for biological studies. For this purpose, different 3D printable formulations based on commercially available resins are compared. The biocompatibility of the 3D printed objects toward A549 cell line is investigated by adjusting the composition of the resins and optimizing post-printing protocols; those include washing in common solvents and UV post-curing treatments for removing unreacted and cytotoxic products. It is noteworthy that not only the selection of suitable materials but also the development of an adequate post-printing protocol is necessary for the development of biocompatible devices.

scholarly journals Can Preoperative 3D Printing Change Surgeon’s Operative Plan for Distal Tibia Fracture?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwa Jun Kang ◽  
Bom Soo Kim ◽  
Seung Min Kim ◽  
Yu Mi Kim ◽  
Hyong Nyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Distal Tibia ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Tibia Fracture ◽  
Distal Tibia Fracture ◽  
Complex Fracture ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Real Size ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Selection Of

This study aimed to determine if 3D printing can affect surgeon’s selection of plate for distal tibia fracture surgery and to find out whether orthopedic surgeons consider this technology necessary and would use it in their practice. A total of 102 orthopedic surgeons were asked to choose anatomically contoured locking plates among 5 most commonly used types for one simple and one complex distal tibia fracture based on X-ray and CT images. Next, they were provided real-size 3D printed models of the same fractures, allowed to apply each of the 5 plates to these models, and asked if they would change their choice of plate. A 10-point numeric rating scale was provided to measure the extent of the help that 3D printing provided on preoperative planning. Finally, we asked the surgeons if they would use 3D printing in their practice. Seventy-four percent of inexperienced surgeons changed their selection of plate after using 3D printed models for the complex fracture. In contrast, only 9% of experienced surgeons changed their selection of plate for the simple fracture. Surgeons rated the extent of usefulness of the 3D models in preoperative planning as a mean of 4.84 ± 2.54 points for the simple fracture and 6.63 ± 2.54 points for the complex fracture. The difference was significant (p < 0.001). Eighty-six percent of inexperienced surgeons wanted to use 3D models for complex fractures. However, only 18% of experienced surgeons wanted to use 3D printed models for simple fractures. The use of a real-size 3D-printed model often changed surgeon’s preoperative selection of locking plates, especially when inexperienced surgeons evaluated a complex fracture. However, experienced surgeons did not find 3D models very useful when assessing simple fractures. Future applications of 3D models should focus on training beginners in fracture surgery, especially when complex fractures are concerned.

scholarly journals Data for 3D printing enlarged museum specimens for the visually impaired

Gigabyte ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anton du Plessis ◽  
Johan Els ◽  
Stephan le Roux ◽  
Muofhe Tshibalanganda ◽  
Toni Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interactive Exhibits ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Selection Of

Museums are embracing new technologies and one of these is the use of 3D printing. 3D printing allows for creating physical replicas of items which may, due to great value or significance, not be handled by the public, or which are too small or fragile to be handled or even seen with the naked eye. One such application of new technologies has been welcomed by the National Museum in Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa. Here, blown-up (enlarged) Museum specimens were 3D printed for various interactive exhibits that are aimed at increasing the accessibility of their permanent displays for visually impaired visitors who rely greatly on touch as a source of observation. A selection of scorpions, pseudoscorpions, mites and archetypal bird skulls were scanned, processed and 3D printed to produce enlarged, highly functional nylon models. This data paper provides the raw micro Computed Tomography (micro-CT) scan data and print ready STL files processed from this data. The STL files may be used in their current format and details of the printing are provided.

Printable PICN Composite Mechanically Compatible with Human Teeth

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110129
Author(s):  
M.K. Sodeyama ◽  
H. Ikeda ◽  
Y. Nagamatsu ◽  
C. Masaki ◽  
R. Hosokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Restorative Material ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
3D Printed

Polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) composites are mechanically compatible with human enamel, and are therefore promising dental restorative materials. Fabrication technology for PICN composites used in tooth restorative material has been established through computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milling, however, to date, has not been successfully developed using 3-dimensional (3D) printing. This study aimed to develop a 3D-printable PICN composite as a restorative material. The PICN composite was fabricated using a specific method based on 3D printing. A 3D-printable precursor slurry containing a high concentration of silica nanoparticles was produced and 3D-printed using stereolithography (SLA). The 3D-printed object was sintered to obtain a nano-porous object, and subsequently infiltrated and polymerized with resin monomer. Three different fabrication condition combinations were used to produce the 3D-printed PICN composites, which were characterized based on microstructure, mechanical properties, inorganic content, physicochemical properties, and overall shrinkage. The 3D-printed PICN composites were also compared to 2 commercially available CAD/CAM composite blocks, namely a PICN composite and a dispersed-filler composite. The 3D-printed PICN composites exhibited a nano-sized dual-network structure comprising a silica skeleton with infiltrated resin. The 3D-printed PICN composite exhibited a similar Vickers hardness to enamel, and a similar elastic modulus to dentin. The 3D-printed PICN composite exhibited comparable flexural strength (>100 MPa) to the CAD/CAM block, and acceptable water sorption and solubility for practical use. Further, the 3D-printed model-crown underwent isotropic shrinkage during sintering without fatal deformation. Overall, the potential of this 3D-printable PICN composite as a restorative material with similar mechanical properties to human teeth was successfully demonstrated.

scholarly journals Data for 3D printing enlarged museum specimens for the visually impaired

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton du Plessis ◽  
Johan Els ◽  
Stephan le Roux ◽  
Muofhe Tshibalanganda ◽  
Toni Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interactive Exhibits ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Selection Of

Museums are embracing new technologies and one of these is the use of 3D printing. 3D printing allows for creating physical replicas of items which may, due to great value or significance, not be handled by the public, or which are too small or fragile to be handled or even seen with the naked eye. One such application of new technologies has been welcomed by the National Museum in Bloemfontein, Free Sate, South Africa. Here, blown-up (enlarged) Museum specimens were 3D printed for various interactive exhibits that are aimed at increasing the accessibility of their permanent displays for visually impaired visitors who rely greatly on touch as a source of observation. A selection of scorpions, pseudoscorpions, mites and archetypal bird skulls were scanned, processed and 3D printed to produce enlarged, highly functional nylon models. This data paper provides the raw micro Computed Tomography (micro-CT) scan data and print ready STL files processed from this data. The STL files may be used in their current format and details of the printing are provided.

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