scholarly journals Explaining psychosocial care among unaccompanied minor refugees: a realist review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna-Sophie Ulrich ◽  
Emma Kohler ◽  
Jacob Spallek ◽  
Matthias Richter ◽  
Daniel Clauß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Keyword Search ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Realist Synthesis ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Unaccompanied Minor Refugees ◽  
Minor Refugees

AbstractResearch on the psychosocial care (PSC) of unaccompanied minor refugees (UMRs) has mainly taken a socioepidemiological approach and has focused on the perspectives of experts in the field. In contrast, the knowledge concerning the differing context factors and the underlying mechanisms of current PSC which could inform policy recommendations is scant. The study aims at unravelling the contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of PSC for UMRs. For a realist review (RR), scientific evidence and gray literature were synthesised consistent with the RAMESES publication standards for realist synthesis. Based on an iterative keyword search in electronic databases (e.g., PubMed) and screening, 34 works from 2005 to 2019 were included in a realist synthesis. Theory-informed context–mechanism–outcome configurations (CMOs) were extracted, to explain underlying processes and mechanisms. Characterised by their interrelatedness, the dominant CMOs included the UMRs’ intersections of transitions (e.g., adolescence and migration), their needs for culture-, and gender-sensitive PSC, and the undersupply of PSC. These contexts and outcomes are mediated by pre-, peri- and post-migratory stressors as well as care structures and are moreover influenced by overarching discourses and concepts. They comprise adverse and beneficial mechanisms in the PSC of UMRs. The existing literature grasps the PSC of UMRs by different disciplines and approaches but does not offer a comprehensive overview on micro–macro intersections and included discourses. The inclusion of lay perspectives and an intersectional approach could inform health service research. The reflection of UMR-related categorical constructs of resilience and vulnerability, discourses of othering, as well as restrictive health policies may guide policy recommendations.

scholarly journals Explaining healthcare among unaccompanied minor refugees: a realist review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ulrich ◽  
M Mlinarić ◽  
E Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Services Research ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Lay Perspectives ◽  
Unaccompanied Minor Refugees ◽  
Minor Refugees

Abstract Introduction Existing research on psychosocial care of unaccompanied minor refugees (UMRs) mainly focusses on socio-epidemiological accounts and qualitative evidence from the perspective of experts in the field of psychosocial care. In contrast, knowledge concerning differing context factors as well as underlying mechanisms of current healthcare barriers, which could inform policy recommendations, are rather scant. Methods To synthesize scientific evidence and gray literature dealing with the field of psychosocial healthcare of UMRs, a realist review (RR) was conducted following six methodological steps of RAMESES publication standards for realist synthesis. Based on a iterative search of keywords “UMR”, “UMF”, “UMA” and “mental health care” in electronic databases PubMed, GBV and Web of Science we gained access to 974 texts from 2005 to 2019. Screend studies and reports were systematically reviewed according rigor and relevance, which included n = 53 documents for realist synthesis with theory-informed context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOs). Results UMRs have a high prevalence risk for posttraumatic stress disorders and they face manifold institutional, cultural, ethical, juridical, and language-based barriers of care. A dominant and multiple CMO highlight residence status (C1), which limits access of UMRs to healthcare (M1) and produces psychosocially related mental health outcomes (O1). Residence status (C1) may also trigger mechanisms of structural or at least perceived discrimination (M2), which mediates undersupply of UMRs (O2). Conclusions The inclusion of lay perspectives and an intersectional approach could inform health services research and practitioners. The reflection of UMR’s social positions between categorical constructs of resilience and vulnerability, discriminatory discourses of othering, and restrictive health policies may guide policy recommendations to potentially reduce persistent disadvantages. Key messages The inclusion of lay perspectives and an intersectional approach could inform UMR related health services research and practitioners. The reflection of UMR’s social positions (between categories, discourses, and health policies) may guide policy recommendations to potentially reduce persistent disadvantages.

scholarly journals Healthcare needs among unaccompanied minor refugees: a study protocol of a qualitative study explaining access and utilisation across place and gender

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e038882
Author(s):  
Hanna-Sophie Ulrich ◽  
Emma Kohler ◽  
Eva-Maria Fach ◽  
Jacob Spallek ◽  
Matthias Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Unaccompanied Minor Refugees ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Minor Refugees ◽  
German Cities

IntroductionSeveral studies have identified that unaccompanied minor refugees (UMRs) are allegedly ‘vulnerable’ and belong to a high-risk group in terms of psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder due to their preflight, periflight and postflight experiences. Psychosocial care (PSC) is of high importance for UMRs, but little is known about barriers to access and utilisation of PSC across place and gender. The aims of this gender-sensitive qualitative study will be to build on the existing body of literature and to provide qualitative evidence on the contexts and mechanisms of PSC for male and female UMRs in Germany by comparing two German regions.Methods and analysisFollowing the study preparing realist review, a qualitative study will be undertaken in Berlin and Central German cities. Approximately 24 experts from the field of PSC and 12 lay UMRs will participate in face-to-face, semistructured interviews. Data will be transcribed and analysed based on the grounded theory research paradigm.Ethics and disseminationOnly participants who have been informed in both German and their native tongue and who have signed a declaration of consent will be included in the study. The study will comply rigorously with German data protection standards. Approval from the Ethical Review Committee at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany has been obtained and granted. The results of the study will be presented at several conferences and will be published in high-quality, peer-reviewed international journals. The results will display a differentiated picture of the PSC of UMRs in Germany. Such knowledge is a precondition for a ‘science of change’ that translates explanations into practical recommendations on how to improve healthcare policies.Trial registration numberDRKS00018080.

scholarly journals The Ambivalent Potentials of Social Media Use by Unaccompanied Minor Refugees

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630511876443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Kutscher ◽  
Lisa-Marie Kreß
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Professional Support ◽  
Ethical Reflection ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Unaccompanied Minor Refugees ◽  
Minor Refugees ◽  
Transnational Social Networks

In 2015, an unprecedented number of unaccompanied minor refugees came to Europe. To verify reports in mass media as well as professionals’ and volunteers’ impressions regarding the importance of digital media, this empirical study was conducted in the summer of 2015 in cooperation with the “Children’s Charity of Germany” (Deutsches Kinderhilfswerk e.V.). The study focused on the question of how unaccompanied minor refugees use digital (social and mobile) media in the context of their forced migration to Germany. It explored how they use these media to stay in contact with family and friends in their country of origin and beyond, to establish new relationships, to orientate themselves in the receiving country, and to search for (professional) support. Thus, the role of digital media in maintaining transnational social networks and enabling participation in a receiving society is investigated. This article presents key findings and their theoretical implications as well as a methodological and ethical reflection on this research.

scholarly journals Cervical Spine Involvement in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Morin ◽  
Pierre Langevin ◽  
Philippe Fait
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Postconcussion Syndrome ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
Literature Reviews

Background. There is a lack of scientific evidence in the literature on the involvement of the cervical spine in mTBI; however, its involvement is clinically accepted.Objective. This paper reviews evidence for the involvement of the cervical spine in mTBI symptoms, the mechanisms of injury, and the efficacy of therapy for cervical spine with concussion-related symptoms.Methods. A keyword search was conducted on PubMed, ICL, SportDiscus, PEDro, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published since 1990. The reference lists of articles meeting the criteria (original data articles, literature reviews, and clinical guidelines) were also searched in the same databases.Results. 4,854 records were screened and 43 articles were retained. Those articles were used to describe different subjects such as mTBI’s signs and symptoms, mechanisms of injury, and treatments of the cervical spine.Conclusions. The hypothesis of cervical spine involvement in post-mTBI symptoms and in PCS (postconcussion syndrome) is supported by increasing evidence and is widely accepted clinically. For the management and treatment of mTBIs, few articles were available in the literature, and relevant studies showed interesting results about manual therapy and exercises as efficient tools for health care practitioners.

scholarly journals A systematic review of risk and protective factors of mental health in unaccompanied minor refugees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Höhne ◽  
Anna Swantje van der Meer ◽  
Inge Kamp-Becker ◽  
Hanna Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unaccompanied Minor Refugees ◽  
Minor Refugees

Abstract In recent years, there has been a rising interest in the mental health of unaccompanied minor refugees (UMR), who are a high-risk group for mental disorders. Especially the investigation of predictive factors of the mental health of young refugees has received increasing attention. However, there has been no review on this current issue for the specific group of UMR so far. We aimed to summarize and evaluate the existing findings of specific risk and protective factors to identify the most verified influences on the mental health of UMR. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature search. Study designs were limited to quantitative cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Eight databases were searched in four different languages and article reference lists of relevant papers were screened. 27 studies were included (N = 4753). Qualitative synthesis revealed the number of stressful life events to be the most evaluated and verified risk factor for mental health of UMR. A stable environment and social support, on the other hand, can protect UMR from developing poor mental health. Besides that, several other influencing factors could be pointed out, such as type of accommodation, family contact, gender and cultural competences. Because of the large heterogeneity of outcome measures, quantitative synthesis was not possible. This review helps to improve our understanding of determinants of UMRs mental health and thus to provide more targeted treatment. Furthermore, it provides information on how to prevent the development of mental health problems by specifying factors that can be modified by different health and immigration sectors in advance. Further research is needed focusing on the interaction between the various predictive factors.

Screening for infectious diseases among unaccompanied minor refugees in Berlin, 2014–2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Theuring ◽  
Barbara Friedrich-Jänicke ◽  
Kirsten Pörtner ◽  
Isabel Trebesch ◽  
Anita Durst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Unaccompanied Minor Refugees ◽  
Minor Refugees

scholarly journals CHALLENGES FACED BY UNACCOMPANIED MINOR-REFUGEES IN SOUTH AFRICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungile Magqibelo Magqibelo ◽  
Marcel Londt ◽  
Shiron September ◽  
Nicolette Roman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Unaccompanied Minor Refugees ◽  
Minor Refugees

scholarly journals Nothing about us without us: Canadian vaccine decision making must involve disabled people

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Witteman ◽  
Gabrielle Peters ◽  
Cassandra Vujovich-Dunn ◽  
Amine Ouertani ◽  
Sharmistha Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Pandemic Planning ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Vaccine Decision Making

Across Canada, national and provincial Covid-19 vaccine prioritization guidance and strategies have failed to appropriately include people with disabilities. Since the early goal of vaccination was to reduce severity, those at higher risk of severe disease if infected were meant to be prioritized early in vaccination campaigns, directly reducing their chance of death due to Covid-19. Older adults and some other higher-risk groups were therefore accorded high priority. However, younger disabled people were not prioritized for vaccines at levels commensurate with their risk of severe Covid-19 outcomes. Consequently, Canadian national policy recommendations have been incongruent with peer countries’ vaccine prioritization, scientific evidence, and priorities expressed by Canadians regarding how we should allocate Covid-19 vaccines. To avoid repeating these mistakes, current and future pandemic planning must include disabled people as full members of decision-making committees, in keeping with the longstanding demand of disabled people: “Nothing about us without us.” (1)

Double-edged risk: unaccompanied minor refugees (UMRs) in Sweden and their search for safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-415
Author(s):  
Amber Horning ◽  
Sara V Jordenö ◽  
Nicole Savoie
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Unaccompanied Minor Refugees ◽  
Minor Refugees ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Many unaccompanied minor refugees (UMRs) arrived in Sweden with the mass exodus of refugees who fled to the EU in 2015. UMRs are individuals who are under 18 years of age, outside their country of origin and separated from legal care-givers (Separated Children in Europe Programme 2004). In 2016, Swedish public opinion of asylum seekers began to shift from sympathy to fear (Kärrman 2015; Herz 2018) and Sweden implemented policies restricting UMRs’ rights. It was at this pivotal moment that we interviewed UMRs in two youth asylum-centres in rural Sweden. We contextualized this analysis through our concept of ‘double-edged risk’—that is, being at risk despite being viewed as risky. Portrayals of risky refugees depict them as manipulative, and even predatory (Banks 2012). Many of these minors lacked agency from the inception of their journey to the EU to their waiting for their asylum decision. For instance, all of the UMRs in this study were forced by parents to leave and stated they would not have taken the journey had they known the dangers. Initially, we sought to understand how UMRs garnered agency in light of their ‘double-edged’ risk; however, the most salient theme that emerged was their search for safety. In order to attain safety, many of these UMRs resiliently relinquished agency. These findings demystify ideas of the ‘dangerous’ refugee and are useful for understanding UMRs’ plight for refuge in the EU and to improving policies that thwart UMRs’ development.

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