scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for diastasis recti abdominis: a review and proposal of a new anatomical variation

Hernia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cavalli ◽  
A. Aiolfi ◽  
P. G. Bruni ◽  
L. Manfredini ◽  
F. Lombardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Rectus Sheath ◽  
Condition Numbers ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
The Real ◽  
Diastasis Recti ◽  
Diastasis Recti Abdominis

Abstract Purpose Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) or rectus diastasis is an acquired condition in which the rectus muscles are separated by an abnormal distance along their length, but with no fascia defect. To data there is no consensus about risk factors for DRA. The aim of this article is to critically review the literature about prevalence and risk factor of DRA. Method A total of 13 papers were identified. Results The real prevalence of DRA is unknown because the prevalence rate varies with measurement method, measurement site and judgment criteria, but it is certainly an extremely frequent condition. Numbers of parity, BMI, diabetes are the most plausible risk factors. We identified a new anatomical variation in cadaveric dissection and in abdominal CT image evaluation: along the semilunar line the internal oblique aponeurosis could join the rectus sheath with only a posterior layer, so without a double layer (anterior and posterior) as usually described. We conducted a retrospective review of abdominal CT images and the presence of the posterior insertion only could be considered as a risk factor for DRA. Conclusion Further studies with large sample size, including nulliparous, primiparous, pluriparous and men too, are necessary for identify the real prevalence

scholarly journals Diastasis recti abdominis during pregnancy and 12 months after childbirth: prevalence, risk factors and report of lumbopelvic pain

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (17) ◽  
pp. 1092-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorun Bakken Sperstad ◽  
Merete Kolberg Tennfjord ◽  
Gunvor Hilde ◽  
Marie Ellström-Engh ◽  
Kari Bø
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Diastasis Recti ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
First Time ◽  
Diastasis Recti Abdominis ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background/aimDiastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is defined as a separation of the 2 muscle bellies of rectus abdominis. To date there is scant knowledge on prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of the condition. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of DRA during pregnancy and post partum, presence of possible risk factors, and the occurrence of lumbopelvic pain among women with and without DRA.MethodsThis prospective cohort study followed 300 first-time pregnant women from pregnancy till 12 months post partum. Data were collected by electronic questionnaire and clinical examinations. DRA was defined as a palpated separation of ≥2 fingerbreadths either 4.5 cm above, at or 4.5 cm below the umbilicus. Women with and without DRA were compared with independent samples Student's t-test and χ2/Fisher exact test, and OR with significance level >0.05.ResultsPrevalence of DRA was 33.1%, 60.0%, 45.4%, and 32.6% at gestation week 21, 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months post partum, respectively. No difference in risk factors was found when comparing women with and without DRA. OR showed a greater likelihood for DRA among women reporting heavy lifting ≥20 times weekly (OR 2.18 95% CI 1.05 to 4.52). There was no difference in reported lumbopelvic pain (p=0.10) in women with and without DRA.ConclusionsPrevalence of mild DRA was high both during pregnancy and after childbirth. Women with and without DRA reported the same amount of lumbopelvic pain 12 months post partum.

scholarly journals Analysis of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter-Related Complications and Causes: a Retrospective Study of 2974 Children Blood Disease Patients in Single Center in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Xian Chang ◽  
Yu-Wen Chen ◽  
Meng-Chuan Wang ◽  
Su-Yu Zhao ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Important Risk Factor ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter ◽  
Central Catheter ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Blood Disease

Abstract Background: The peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) has been widely used. However, there is still a lack of large sample size-based relevant risk factor investigation in children with blood diseases in china. Methods: We performed a retrospective, the single-center cohort study of child blood disease patients with PICC insertion. Totally, 2974 patients were enrolled for our study. Results: B-ultrasound plus Seldinger technology significantly improved the success rate of PICC insertion. The most common non-infectious complications were rash, followed by catheter blockage, mechanical phlebitis, and catheter broke. the male, 1-3 years old, Power PICC solo catheter and spring are risk factors for the rash. The power PICC solo catheter was the most important risk factor for catheter blockage. Insertion site under the elbow was the most important risk factor for phlebitis and catheter damage. Conclusion: Our finding first shed new light on the risk factors associated with PICC complications for Chinese blood disease children.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Potential Risk Factors, Sequelae of Diastasis Recti Abdominis and The Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. A605 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Gitta ◽  
Z Magyar ◽  
M Palancsa ◽  
P Tardi ◽  
I Füge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Diastasis Recti ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Diastasis Recti Abdominis

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of diastasis recti abdominis from late pregnancy to 6 months postpartum, and relationship with lumbo-pelvic pain

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Gonçalves Fernandes da Mota ◽  
Augusto Gil Brites Andrade Pascoal ◽  
Ana Isabel Andrade Dinis Carita ◽  
Kari Bø
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Diastasis Recti ◽  
Diastasis Recti Abdominis

scholarly journals Normal width of the linea alba, prevalence, and risk factors for diastasis recti abdominis in adults, a cross-sectional study

Hernia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Kaufmann ◽  
C. S. Reiner ◽  
U. A. Dietz ◽  
P. A. Clavien ◽  
R. Vonlanthen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Suspected Appendicitis ◽  
Diastasis Recti ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diastasis Recti Abdominis

Abstract Aim The prevalence and definition of diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is under debate. This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the interrectal distance and the prevalence of DRA in computed tomography (CT) in an asymptomatic population. Materials and methods Patients undergoing CT scans for suspected appendicitis or kidney stones from 01/2016 to 12/2018 were screened retrospectively to participate. A study population with equal distribution according to gender and age (18–90 years) was generated (n = 329 patients) and the interrectal distance was measured at six reference points. Results DRA (defined as > 2 cm at 3 cm above the umbilicus) was present in 57% of the population. The 80th percentile of the interrectal distance was 10 mm at the xiphoid (median 3 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0–19 mm), 27 mm halfway from xiphoid to umbilicus (median 17 mm, 95% CI 0–39 mm), 34 mm at 3 cm above the umbilicus (median 22 mm, 95% CI 0–50 mm), 32 mm at the umbilicus (median 25 mm, 95% CI 0–45 mm), 25 mm at 2 cm below the umbilicus (median 14 mm, 95% CI 0–39 mm), and 4 mm halfway from umbilicus to pubic symphysis (median 0 mm, 95% CI 0–19 mm). In the multivariate analysis, higher age (p = 0.001), increased body mass index (p < 0.001), and parity (p < 0.037) were independent risk factors for DRA, while split xiphoid, tobacco abuse, and umbilical hernia were not. Conclusion The prevalence of DRA is much higher than commonly estimated (57%). The IRD 3 cm above the umbilicus may be considered normal up to 34 mm. To avoid over-treatment, the definition of DRA should be revised.

Diastasis Recti Abdominis-diagnosis, Risk Factors, Effect on Musculoskeletal Function, Framework for Treatment and Implications for the Pelvic Floor

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Anne Werner ◽  
Marcy Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Linea Alba ◽  
Diastasis Recti ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diastasis Recti Abdominis

Background:Diastasis Recti Abdominis (DRA) can occur during pregnancy and postpartum. It is defined as an increase of the inter-recti distance (IRD) beyond normal values. The diagnosis of DRA is inconsistent within the literature and varies depending on measurement instrument and activity during measurement (rest versus active curl-up). DRA is characterized by the stretching of linea alba (LA) and contributes to a protrusion of the anterior abdominal wall due to increased laxity in the myofascial system that supports abdominal viscera. DRA has been postulated to affect lumbopelvic support and function due to laxity of the LA and altered angle of muscle insertion, but recent studies have not confirmed this. Risk factors for the development of DRA have been investigated in pregnancy to 12-months postpartum.Objective:Rehabilitation for DRA has been traditionally focused on reducing the IRD, but recent research has proposed that a sole focus on closing the DRA is suboptimal.Results:It is important alongside the rehabilitation of the abdominal wall that there is the consideration of the pelvic floor (PF). In healthy individuals, with the activation of the transversus abdominis, there is a sub-maximal co-contraction of the PF muscles. This co-contraction can be lost or altered in women with urinary incontinence. An increase in intra-abdominal pressure without simultaneous co-contraction of the PF may cause caudal displacement of the PF.Conclusion:The aim of this review is to bring the reader up to date on the evidence on DRA and to propose a rehabilitation framework for the whole abdominal wall in DRA with consideration of the impact on the PF.

Diastasis Recti Abdominis in Pregnancy and Postpartum Period. Risk Factors, Functional Implications and Resolution

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Mota ◽  
Augusto Gil Pascoal ◽  
Kari Bo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Diastasis Recti ◽  
Abnormal Posture ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Postnatal Women ◽  
Diastasis Recti Abdominis

Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) or the increased inter rectus distance (IRD) is described as the separation of the rectus abdominis muscles. It can occur during pregnancy and after childbirth. Mota et al. (2015) found DRA may affect up 100% of pregnant women [1], and it may persist separated in the immediate postpartum period in 35% to 60% of women [2]. Reported prevalence of DRA or increased IRD varies and may be inaccurate due to different cut off points for the diagnosis [1-7] and use of different measurement methods. To date limited studies about the normal width of the IRD in postpartum women are available [8, 9], and there is scarce information about risk factors for DRA. There are some theories stating that failure to treat DRA effectively can lead to long term sequelae [10], including abnormal posture [1], lumbo-pelvic pain and cosmetic imperfections [10]. Postnatal women are stimulated to resume abdominal exercises shortly after delivery [3] to improve trunk function and restore abdominal figure and fitness [8]. To date there is scant knowledge on the most effective abdominal exercises both during pregnancy and after childbirth. In particular there is little evidence on which exercises are most efficient in the narrowing of the recti diastasis. The aim of this article is to critically review the literature on the risk factors, functional implications and the effect of exercise on DRA. This information is expected to be relevant for physiotherapists and exercise professionals.

Hemmkörperentwicklung bei Hämophilie-Patienten nach Präparate wechsel

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S39-S42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kocher ◽  
G. Asmelash ◽  
V. Makki ◽  
S. Müller ◽  
S. Krekeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryThe retrospective observational study surveys the relationship between development of inhibitors in the treatment of haemophilia patients and risk factors such as changing FVIII products. A total of 119 patients were included in this study, 198 changes of FVIII products were evaluated. Results: During the observation period of 12 months none of the patients developed an inhibitor, which was temporally associated with a change of FVIII products. A frequent change of FVIII products didn’t lead to an increase in inhibitor risk. The change between plasmatic and recombinant preparations could not be confirmed as a risk factor. Furthermore, no correlation between treatment regimens, severity, patient age and comorbidities of the patients could be found.

Risk Factors of Collateralized Loan Obligations and Corporate Bonds

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 347-355
Author(s):  
Mark Wahrenburg ◽  
Andreas Barth ◽  
Mohammad Izadi ◽  
Anas Rahhal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Asset Pricing ◽  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Corporate Bonds ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
Yield Spreads ◽  
Pricing Factors ◽  
Return Difference

AbstractStructured products like collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) tend to offer significantly higher yield spreads than corporate bonds (CBs) with the same rating. At the same time, empirical evidence does not indicate that this higher yield is reduced by higher default losses of CLOs. The evidence thus suggests that CLOs offer higher expected returns compared to CB with similar credit risk. This study aims to analyze whether this return difference is captured by asset pricing factors. We show that market risk is the predominant risk factor for both CBs and CLOs. CLO investors, however, additionally demand a premium for their risk exposure towards systemic risk. This premium is inversely related to the rating class of the CLO.

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