scholarly journals Impacts of litter decay on organic leachate composition and reactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Hensgens ◽  
Oliver J. Lechtenfeld ◽  
François Guillemette ◽  
Hjalmar Laudon ◽  
Martin Berggren
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Decay Process ◽  
Ultrahigh Resolution ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds ◽  
Litter Decay ◽  
Leachate Composition ◽  
Ft Icr Ms

AbstractLitter decomposition produces labile and recalcitrant forms of dissolved organic matter (DOM) that significantly affect soil carbon (C) sequestration. Chemical analysis of this DOM can provide important knowledge for understanding soil DOM dynamics, but detailed molecular analyses on litter derived DOM are scarce. Here we use ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to characterize the molecular composition of DOM from fresh and progressively decomposed litter samples. We compared high reactive (HR) and low reactive (LR) litter sources with regard to changes in the chemistry and bioavailability of leachates throughout the early phase of litter decay. We show that litter reactivity is a driver of chemical changes in the leached DOM of litter species. Birch, alder and Vaccinium (i.e. HR) litter initially produced more DOM with a higher lability than that of spruce, pine and wood (i.e. LR) litter. Labile oxidized phenolic compounds were abundant in leachates produced during the initial HR litter decay stages, indicating litter lignin degradation. However, the similarity in chemistry between HR and LR leachates increased during the litter decay process as highly leachable structures in HR litter were depleted. In contrast, chemistry of leachates from LR litter changed little during the litter decay process. The oxygenated phenolic compounds from HR litter were driving the lability of HR leachates and the changes in relative abundance of molecules during DOM incubation. This appeared to result in the creation of stable aliphatic secondary microbial compounds. In LR leachates, lability was driven by labile aliphatic compounds, while more resistant phenolic compounds were associated with recalcitrance. These results show how DOM dynamics follow different paths depending on litter reactivity, which has important implications for soil biogeochemistry and C sequestration.

Temporal Variation in Leachate Composition of A Newly Constructed Landfill Site in Lahore in Context To Human and Environmental Risks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsoon Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Zeshan ◽  
Sadia Hafeez ◽  
Rahib Hussain ◽  
Abdul Qadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Temporal Study ◽  
One Year ◽  
Leachate Composition

Abstract The present study was aimed to explore the seasonal and temporal variation in the extent and sources of physiochemical and trace elements in the Lakhodair solid waste Landfill site in Lahore, Pakistan. For the seasonal and temporal study of leachates, systematic composite samples were collected monthly (for one year) and analyzed for physiochemical and trace elements. The concentration of TDS, TSS, COD, NH3-N, BOD5, sulfate, sulfides, phenolic compounds, oil and grease were higher than the National Environmental Quality standard (NEQs). The trace elements, namely Mn (1.7 mg/L), and Cd (0.05 mg/L), while in a few samples Fe (14 mg/L), Ni (1.6 mg/L), and Zn (6.7 mg/L) were higher than the NEQs. In Lakhodair leachates, TDS, COD, NH3-N, BOD5, sulfides, and Cl have a high concentration coefficient (i.e., CC 3 to > 6), which may cause considerable to high contamination, while remaining parameters may cause low to moderate contamination (CC 1 to ≤ 3). The lower BOD5/COD ratio (< 0.1) in the Spring and Autumn seasons, represents the active methanogenesis and anaerobic activities in the Lakhodair landfill site. The anaerobic and methanogenesis enhance the redox reaction as a result CO2 is emitted and alternatively increases pH, TDS, COD, Cl, BOD5, NH3-N, sulfides, phenolic compounds in leachates. However, the lower concentration of some trace elements may be because of an anaerobic process that may immobilize the trace elements. It is presumed that the trace elements in the Lakhodair landfill may be in a metastable state, which is not easy to leach out. It’s hereby recommended that Leachate produced in the Lakhodair landfill site need to handle carefully so as to limit the environmental and health implication.

scholarly journals Leachate composition and environmental risks from waste wood dumps.

2019 ◽  
pp. 431-437
Author(s):  
Kadri Auväärt ◽  
Urmas Uri ◽  
Peeter Muiste
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Lignin Phenols ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Storage Area ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Leachate Composition

High concentrations of phenols can be found in leachate and stormwater of woodprocessing, storage and disposal sites. Although timber is a natural product, mishandlingof wood waste may harm the environment.As a common practice, wood residues were dumped in landfills in Estonia. As a nationalstrategy, it has been decided to close all of the dumping sites. In many cases, woodresidues have been used for capping of municipal dump sites. It has been suspected, thatenvironmentally hazardous phenolic compounds may be leaching out from such landfills.Pathways for generation of natural phenolic compounds, as well as the ecologic impact ofthem have not been studied in Estonia.In this paper, leachate composition from dumpsites of waste wood is studied and thehazards of phenols to the environment are discussed. In the wood waste, phenol can befound mainly in tannins, resin and lignin. Phenols in tannins are water-soluble, butphenols in resins are more soluble in organic solvents, such as ether, what is producedduring decomposition of lignin. Chipping and storage of wood in the water-richenvironment speeds up the leaching of phenols.The leachate from wood waste dumps is quickly purified by natural processes in the soil.It is assumed that in most cases the natural phenols do not migrate far from the dump siteor storage area. The problem may arise in case where such waste is stored near to thewater body or the leach-water is repeatedly re-circulated into the deposit of waste wood.

scholarly journals In vitro Clot Lysis Activity of Phenolic Compound Degrading Product From Lignin Sugarcane Baggase Using Ochrobactrum sp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
Arie Srihardyastuti ◽  
◽  
Moh Farid Rahman ◽  
Tri Ardyati ◽  
Anna Roosdiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Lysis Activity

Sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L) is a readily available waste product of cane sugar processing. The content of lignocelluloses in sugarcane bagasse is approximately 52.7% cellulose, 20% hemicelluloses, and 24.2% lignin. Lignin can be degraded enzymatically by using microorganisms, such as Ochrobactrum sp. Monomer derived from lignin degradation using these bacteria in the optimum condition of sugarcane fermentation (pH 6, temperature 40 °C, for 5 days of incubation, the concentrations of starter 29%) by GC-MS yielded phenolic compounds such as 4-methyl-2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butylquinone; phenol, and p-hydroxybenzaldehide. The thrombolytic activity of these lignin monomers can be tested in-vitro by measuring the ability of clot lysis. Lignin did not have in-vitro clot lysis activity, whereas the lignin monomers in filtrat of fermented sugarcane bagasse have an in-vitro clot lysis activity, although its capacity is not as high as streptokinase.

scholarly journals A Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase from a White-Rot Fungus Drives the Degradation of Lignin by a Versatile Peroxidase

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Fuying Ma ◽  
Honglu Zhao ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Decay Process ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase ◽  
Cellulose Oxidation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lignin Oxidation

ABSTRACT Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), a class of copper-dependent enzymes, play a crucial role in boosting the enzymatic decomposition of polysaccharides. Here, we reveal that LPMOs might be associated with a lignin degradation pathway. An LPMO from white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus, LPMO9A (PoLPMO9A), was shown to be able to efficiently drive the activity of class II lignin-degrading peroxidases in vitro through H2O2 production regardless of the presence or absence of a cellulose substrate. An LPMO-driven peroxidase reaction can degrade β-O-4 and 5-5′ types of lignin dimer with 46.5% and 37.7% degradation, respectively, as well as alter the structure of natural lignin and kraft lignin. H2O2 generated by PoLPMO9A was preferentially utilized for the peroxidase from Physisporinus sp. strain P18 (PsVP) reaction rather than cellulose oxidation, indicating that white-rot fungi may have a strategy for preferential degradation of resistant lignin. This discovery shows that LPMOs may be involved in lignin oxidation as auxiliary enzymes of lignin-degrading peroxidases during the white-rot fungal decay process. IMPORTANCE The enzymatic biodegradation of structural polysaccharides is affected by the degree of delignification of lignocellulose during the white-rot fungal decay process. The lignin matrix decreases accessibility to the substrates for LPMOs. H2O2 has been studied as a cosubstrate for LPMOs, but the formation and utilization of H2O2 in the reactions still represent an intriguing focus of current research. Lignin-degrading peroxidases and LPMOs usually coexist during fungal decay, and therefore, the relationship between H2O2-dependent lignin-degrading peroxidases and LPMOs should be considered during the wood decay process. The current study revealed that white-rot fungal LPMOs may be involved in the degradation of lignin through driving a versatile form of peroxidase activity in vitro and that H2O2 generated by PoLPMO9A was preferentially used for lignin oxidation by lignin-degrading peroxidase (PsVP). These findings reveal a potential relationship between LPMOs and lignin degradation, which will be of great significance for further understanding the contribution of LPMOs to the white-rot fungal decay process.

Profiles of phenolic compounds by FT-ICR MS and antioxidative and antiproliferative activities of Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth leaf extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 6056-6063 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. da Costa ◽  
R. S. Galaverna ◽  
Marcos A. Pudenzi ◽  
A. L. T. G. Ruiz ◽  
J. E. de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Antiproliferative Activities ◽  
Ft Icr

The main phenolic constituents of S. obovatum leaf extracts, analyzed by FT-ICR MS, were correlated with their antioxidant and in vitro antiproliferative activities.

scholarly journals A semi-automated, high throughput approach for O-glycosylation profiling of in vitro established cancer cell lines by MALDI-FT-ICR MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilianos Kotsias ◽  
Katarina Madunić ◽  
Simone Nicolardi ◽  
Radoslaw P. Kozak ◽  
Richard A. Gardner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Human Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Ultrahigh Resolution ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

AbstractThe study of protein O-glycosylation is important in biological research as O-glycans have been reported to regulate a multitude of molecular and cell biology processes occurring in cancer. It is known that alterations in O-glycosylation are involved in the development and progression of cancer. Their easy accessibility makes in vitro established cell lines suitable and useful models for studying biological mechanisms in disease. However, the O-glycosylation analysis of large numbers of samples, as required in systems biology and biomarker discovery studies, is often challenging. In the present study, O-glycans from three human colorectal cancer cell lines and two human pancreatic cancer cell lines were released by semi-automated, high throughput reductive β-elimination and analysed using ultrahigh resolution MALDI-FT-ICR MS. Automated data integration and processing was performed using MassyTools, where the analyte was automatically included for relative quantitation based on a range of selection criteria including signal-to-noise ratio, mass error and isotopic pattern quality scores. A total of 126 O-glycan compositions, ranging from a single monosaccharide to large oligosaccharides exhibiting complex glycan motifs, were detected. The use of ultrahigh resolution MALDI-FTICR MS enabled glycan identification and quantitation in the matrix region of the spectrum. This approach has the potential to be used for O-glycosylation analysis of large numbers of samples, such as patient sample cohorts.

A Brief Review of Cardanol-Based Surfactants

2013 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Yang ◽  
Zhi Min Wang ◽  
Fei Jing ◽  
Li Hong Hu ◽  
Yong Hong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Renewable Material ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell ◽  
Long Chain

Cardanol, as one of components of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), is a mixture of 3-n-pentadecylphenol, 3-(pentadeca-8-enyl)phenol, 3-(pentadeca-8,11-dienyl)phenol and 3-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trienyl)phenol. It has both the characteristics of phenolic compounds and flexibility of aliphatic compounds. As a versatile industrial raw materials, it has been widely used as modifiers of the phenolic resin, rubber plasticizers, coatings and adhesives etc. Specially, cardanol-based surfactants have been reported using with long-chain alkyl moieties as lipophilic group in recent years. Herein, the application of this natural and renewable material to both academic and industrial research of cardanol-based surfactants will be discussed.

scholarly journals Insights into dissolved organic matter complexity in rainwater from continental and coastal storms by ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4829-4838 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Mead ◽  
K. M. Mullaugh ◽  
G. Brooks Avery ◽  
R. J. Kieber ◽  
J. D. Willey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Ultrahigh Resolution ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
Coastal Storms ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Abstract. A series of seven rainwater samples were collected in Wilmington, North Carolina USA originating from both continental and coastal storms and analyzed by ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). This data set is unique in that it represents a detailed comparison of the molecular level composition of DOM in rainwater collected from distinctly different air mass back trajectories by FT-ICR MS. Approximately 25% of the roughly 2000 assigned CHO molecular formulas are unique to a single storm classification indicating the importance of air mass back trajectory on the composition of rainwater dissolved organic matter (DOM). Analysis of the unique molecular formula assignments highlighted distinct groupings of various bio- and geo-molecule classes with coastal storms containing unique formulas representative of lignin and cellulose-like formulas while continental storms had lipid-like formulas. A series of 18 distinct methylene oligomers were identified in coastal storms and 13 unique methylene oligomers in continental storms, suggesting oligomer formation is ubiquitous in rainwater albeit different for each storm classification. Oligomers of small acids and C3H4O2 were detected in both storm types indicating their processing may be similar in both back trajectories. Condensed aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in continental storms with phenol moieties that are not as oxidized as similar compounds detected in aquatic DOM.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity ofDaucus crinitusEssential Oils along the Vegetative Life of the Plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amel Bendiabdellah ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽  
Nawel Meliani ◽  
Alain Muselli ◽  
Djabou Nassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons

The essential oils from the aerial parts ofDaucus crinitusDesf. were analyzed at three developmental stages (early vegetative, early flowering, and full flowering). Oil yield was found to vary depending on the stage of development, and the highest content of oil (0.15% w/w) was obtained at full flowering. The chemical composition of essential oils studied by GC and GC-MS showed a total of 71 compounds: 27 aliphatic compounds, 18 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 9 hydrocarbons monoterpene, 5 oxygenated monoterpenes, 5 phenolic compounds, 4 oxygenated sesquiterpenes, 2 oxygenated diterpenes, and 01 diterpene hydrocarbons. Whatever the analyzed stage, phenolic compounds were the most abundant group. Their level significantly increased during ripening and varied from 36.4 to 82.1%. Antimicrobial activities of oils were tested on four different microorganisms. The oils of various phenological stages showed high activity againstCandida albicans(30 mm) andStaphylococcus aureus(11–28 mm) bacteria strains which are deemed very dangerous and very difficult to eliminate. Thus, they represent an inexpensive source of natural antibacterial substances that may potentially be used in pathogenic systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document