Investigation of the multilayered structure and microfibril angle of different types of bamboo cell walls at the micro/nano level using a LC-PolScope imaging system

Cellulose ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 4611-4625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaili Hu ◽  
Yanhui Huang ◽  
Benhua Fei ◽  
Chunli Yao ◽  
Chang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Multilayered Structure ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Constitutive Modeling of the Densification Behavior in Open-Porous Cellular Solids

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2731
Author(s):  
Ameya Rege
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Pore Collapse ◽  
Compressive Response ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Nonlinear Springs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
Good Agreement

The macroscopic mechanical behavior of open-porous cellular materials is dictated by the geometric and material properties of their microscopic cell walls. The overall compressive response of such materials is divided into three regimes, namely, the linear elastic, plateau and densification. In this paper, a constitutive model is presented, which captures not only the linear elastic regime and the subsequent pore-collapse, but is also shown to be capable of capturing the hardening upon the densification of the network. Here, the network is considered to be made up of idealized square-shaped cells, whose cell walls undergo bending and buckling under compression. Depending on the choice of damage criterion, viz. elastic buckling or irreversible bending, the cell walls collapse. These collapsed cells are then assumed to behave as nonlinear springs, acting as a foundation to the elastic network of active open cells. To this end, the network is decomposed into an active network and a collapsed one. The compressive strain at the onset of densification is then shown to be quantified by the point of intersection of the two network stress-strain curves. A parameter sensitivity analysis is presented to demonstrate the range of different material characteristics that the model is capable of capturing. The proposed constitutive model is further validated against two different types of nanoporous materials and shows good agreement.

scholarly journals FlsnRNA-seq: protoplasting-free full-length single-nucleus RNA profiling in plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Long ◽  
Zhijian Liu ◽  
Jinbu Jia ◽  
Weipeng Mo ◽  
Liang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Rna Profiling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Single Nucleus

AbstractThe broad application of single-cell RNA profiling in plants has been hindered by the prerequisite of protoplasting that requires digesting the cell walls from different types of plant tissues. Here, we present a protoplasting-free approach, flsnRNA-seq, for large-scale full-length RNA profiling at a single-nucleus level in plants using isolated nuclei. Combined with 10x Genomics and Nanopore long-read sequencing, we validate the robustness of this approach in Arabidopsis root cells and the developing endosperm. Sequencing results demonstrate that it allows for uncovering alternative splicing and polyadenylation-related RNA isoform information at the single-cell level, which facilitates characterizing cell identities.

scholarly journals Epidermis structure in Mesembryanthemaceae

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 937-937
Author(s):  
H. -D. Ihlenfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bladder Cells ◽  
Epidermis Structure

The Mesembryanthemaceae, which inhabit the deserts and semi-deserts of Southern Africa, exhibit two very different types of epidermis. The first is characterized by thick outer cell walls encrusted by oxalate crystals, a thick cuticle and thick wax layers. In the second type, the epidermal cells exhibit only very thin outer cell walls, not encrusted by oxalate crystals, a very thin cuticle, and wax layers are poorly developed; the most prominent feature of this type is the occurrence of huge idioblasts often protruding as ‘bladder cells’. With regard to the climatic conditions in the native habitats this type of epidermis must be called ‘abnormal’. Both types of epidermis may form sculptures of three distinct size classes, which are not necessarily homologous. The function of these sculptures is still poorly understood. There is evidence that the sculptures influence the optical properties of the surfaces and thereby the radiation balance (and heat stress) of the leaves.From recent research, it has become evident that the two different types of epidermis are the anatomical expression of two different strategies for survival under extreme conditions. Species with the idioblast type of epidermis exhibit a strategy that might be called ‘opportunistic’. These species have developed a mechanism of gaining water from the atmosphere during the night under favourable conditions. There are indications that the idioblasts are involved in this mechanism.

Development of Real Time High Energy X-Ray Imaging System for Use in Dynamic Fluoroscopy of Aero Gas Turbines

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cesium Iodide ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Different Types

This paper discusses the development of a real-time high energy x-ray imaging system for use in dynamic fluoroscopy of aero gas turbines. In order to cover the range of subjects on gas turbines, over ten combinations of film and screen types are used. Three different types of x-ray imaging systems were considered for use: direct type intensifiers (cesium iodide phosphors), and indirect type intensifiers — Marconi “Marionette” and the Oude Delft “Delcalix.”

Cytochemical localization of some polysaccharide components in the cell walls of Chalara elegans during its life cycle

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 828-837
Author(s):  
Eliane Dumas-Gaudot ◽  
Abdessamad Tahiri-Alaoui ◽  
Nicole Benhamou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Multilayered Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope Level ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Chalara Elegans ◽  
A Minor ◽  
First Time

The occurrence of polysaccharides and sugars in the cell walls of the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Chalara elegans (deuteromycete) has been investigated at the electron microscope level, using cytochemical approaches based on the affinity of lectin or enzyme–gold complexes for some carbohydrates. Evidence for the presence of both β-1,4-glucans and chitinous components is reported here for the first time in the cell walls of chlamydospores, endoconidia, and hyphae. A minor component with N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues is also detected in the cell walls and, as a storage product, in the cytoplasm. The spatial distribution of both cellulosic β-1,4-glucans and N-acetylglucosamine residues differs according to the fungal cells, and the present results give a more accurate description of the multilayered structure of the fungal walls (i.e., chlamydospores and hyphae). Key words: Chalara elegans, fungi, cell walls, gold cytochemistry.

Histopathological and ultrastructural comparison of Stemphylium sarcinaeforme and S. botryosum on red clover foliage

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (17) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verna J. Higgins ◽  
G. L. Lazarovits
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Toluidine Blue Staining ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Wall Appositions ◽  
Palisade Cells

As part of a continuing study of non-host resistance, red clover leaves inoculated with the clover pathogen Stemphylium sarcinaeforme, or the closely related alfalfa pathogen S. botryosum, were examined by light and electron microscopy to compare the events occurring in the initial stages of infection. Stemphylium botryosum penetrated leaves primarily via the stomata with resultant death of the guard cells and with varying effects on adjacent epidermal cells. Appressoria were frequently formed, and although they rarely resulted in successful penetrations, the contacted epidermal cells were often markedly affected as judged by toluidine blue staining. Growth of hyphae was intercellular but very limited in its extent. At some infection sites, one to several mesophyll cells underwent extensive plasmolysis and cytoplasmic disruption. Less severely affected mesophyll cells contained large lipid bodies, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi vesicles and had wall appositions at points of contact with necrotic cells or with hyphae. Stemphylium sarcinaeforme generally penetrated between or directly through the epidermal cells, causing death of the contacted cells. Hyphae grew intercellularly or intracellularly in the palisade tissue and hyphal elongation was considerably more rapid than that of S. botryosum. Palisade cells adjacent to, or containing, the hyphae underwent several different types of cytoplasmic deterioration. Mesophyll cells surrounding these areas showed the same features as comparable cells in tissue infected by S. botryosum. In tissue infected by either fungus, the exterior of host cell walls was coated with a layer of extracellular material.

Tapetum character states: analytical keys for tapetum types and activities

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1448-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pacini
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Plastid Differentiation ◽  
Pollen Coat ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Compound Pollen ◽  
Pollen Formation

The different types of tapetum found in the spermatophyta are described, along with associated characters. The characters (taken singly, pairwise, or in multiple combinations) are (i) tapetum types; (ii) cell walls, tapetum types, and loculus; (iii) tapetal cells individually, tapetum types, and loculus; (iv) number of pollen grains enveloped by tapetal cells and type of pollen dispersing unit; (v) cell types and tapetum types; (vi) number of nuclei per cell and tapetum type; (vii) cycles of hyperactivity; (viii) exine formation; (ix) orbicles; (x) peritapetal membrane; (xi) plastid differentiation; (xii) stage of pollen development in which tapetal cells degenerate and type of pollen coat; (xiii) storage vacuoles; (xiv) sporophytic proteins; and (xv) devices of tapetal origin responsible for compound pollen formation and pollination. Examples are given and an analytical key of structural and functional diversity is provided as a helpful approach to the study of the tapetum. Key words: tapetum types, activities, pollen dispersing units.

scholarly journals A Survey on Analog-to-Digital Converter Integrated Circuits for Miniaturized High Resolution Ultrasonic Imaging System

Micromachines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Dongdong Chen ◽  
Xinhui Cui ◽  
Qidong Zhang ◽  
Di Li ◽  
Wenyang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Ultrasonic Imaging ◽  
Pipelined Adc ◽  
Analog To Digital Converter ◽  
Digital Converter ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Different Types

As traditional ultrasonic imaging systems (UIS) are expensive, bulky, and power-consuming, miniaturized and portable UIS have been developed and widely utilized in the biomedical field. The performance of integrated circuits (ICs) in portable UIS obviously affects the effectiveness and quality of ultrasonic imaging. In the ICs for UIS, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to complete the conversion of the analog echo signal received by the analog front end into digital for further processing by a digital signal processing (DSP) or microcontroller unit (MCU). The accuracy and speed of the ADC determine the precision and efficiency of UIS. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically review and summarize the characteristics of different types of ADCs for UIS, which can provide valuable guidance to design and fabricate high-performance ADC for miniaturized high resolution UIS. In this paper, the architecture and performance of ADC for UIS, including successive approximation register (SAR) ADC, sigma-delta (Σ-∆) ADC, pipelined ADC, and hybrid ADC, have been systematically introduced. In addition, comparisons and discussions of different types of ADCs are presented. Finally, this paper is summarized, and presents the challenges and prospects of ADC ICs for miniaturized high resolution UIS.

scholarly journals Evaluation of market value: comparison between different techniques applied on pork carcasses (short communication)

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Branscheid ◽  
A. Dobrowolski
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fully Automatic

Abstract. The market value of a carcass in the whole should be represented by the sum of values of all Single cuts dissected from a carcass. These values of the single cuts are defined by their tissue composition and meat quality characteristics (pH, etc.)respectively. The ftxing of market value at the slaughter line requires very quick methods that base on instrumental measurements and electronic data management. Nowadays four technically different types of instruments are available for the determination of market value in Germany. Following instrumental devices are compared and valuated. Opto-electronic devices, Ultrasonic Scanners, Autoform (SFK Company, DK), The video imaging System VCS 2000. These four technical Systems presented in this study give equally good results in predicting the market value of pork carcass. It can State, that the fully automatic devices represent a new stage of development. They are calculating the market value on a great number of measurements and in most aspects with a high reliability.

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