Escape Dynamics in Office Buildings: Using Molecular Dynamics to Quantify the Impact of Certain Aspects of Human Behavior During Emergency Evacuation

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stamatina Th. Rassia ◽  
Constantinos I. Siettos
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Escape Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of the Electric Field on Surface Condensation of Water Vapor: Insight from Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Wang ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
Zhiming Hu ◽  
Chao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Attraction Force ◽  
Condensation Rate ◽  
Shape Transformation ◽  
The Impact

In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the coupling effect of electric field strength and surface wettability on the condensation process of water vapor. Our results show that an electric field can rotate water molecules upward and restrict condensation. Formed clusters are stretched to become columns above the threshold strength of the field, causing the condensation rate to drop quickly. The enhancement of surface attraction force boosts the rearrangement of water molecules adjacent to the surface and exaggerates the threshold value for shape transformation. In addition, the contact area between clusters and the surface increases with increasing amounts of surface attraction force, which raises the condensation efficiency. Thus, the condensation rate of water vapor on a surface under an electric field is determined by competition between intermolecular forces from the electric field and the surface.

Lighting energy performance determination in office environments through implementation of EN 15193-1 for Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 147715352098742
Author(s):  
FŞ Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
System Control ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
The Impact

Office buildings are building typologies where efficient and optimal use of lighting energy is crucial while providing comfortable visual environments. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of diverse architectural design alternatives on lighting energy requirements and lighting energy saving possibilities through a case study. In this study, a total of 3888 design alternatives are investigated in a comparative way in terms of daylighting system design alternatives, artificial lighting system design scenarios, artificial lighting system control types and shading system control options. Introducing the adaptation process of the EN 15193-1:2017 standard for Turkey’s specific climatic and geographical conditions and considering diverse lighting design scenarios, results of this parametric study aim to underline the significance of architectural design strategies in office buildings for the reduction of lighting energy requirements.

scholarly journals Integrated IEW-TOPSIS and Fire Dynamics Simulation for Agent-Based Evacuation Modeling in Industrial Safety

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Wattana Chanthakhot ◽  
Kasin Ransikarbum
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Impact

Emergency events in the industrial sector have been increasingly reported during the past decade. However, studies that focus on emergency evacuation to improve industrial safety are still scarce. Existing evacuation-related studies also lack a perspective of fire assembly point’s analysis. In this research, location of assembly points is analyzed using the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique based on the integrated information entropy weight (IEW) and techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to support the fire evacuation plan. Next, we propose a novel simulation model that integrates fire dynamics simulation coupled with agent-based evacuation simulation to evaluate the impact of smoke and visibility from fire on evacuee behavior. Factors related to agent and building characteristics are examined for fire perception of evacuees, evacuees with physical disabilities, escape door width, fire location, and occupancy density. Then, the proposed model is applied to a case study of a home appliance factory in Chachoengsao, Thailand. Finally, results for the total evacuation time and the number of remaining occupants are statistically examined to suggest proper evacuation planning.

scholarly journals A Fundamental Study on the Development of New Energy Performance Index in Office Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2064
Author(s):  
Jin-Hee Kim ◽  
Seong-Koo Son ◽  
Gyeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Young-Tag Kim ◽  
Sung-Bum Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
U Value ◽  
The Impact

Recently, there have been significant concerns regarding excessive energy use in office buildings with a large window-to-wall ratio (WWR) because of the curtain wall structure. However, prior research has confirmed that the impact of the window area on energy consumption varies depending on building size. A newly proposed window-to-floor ratio (WFR) correlates better with energy consumption in the building. In this paper, we derived the correlation by analyzing a simulation using EnergyPlus, and the results are as follows. In the case of small buildings, the results of this study showed that the WWR and energy requirement increase proportionally, and the smaller the size is, the higher the energy sensitivity will be. However, results also confirmed that this correlation was not established for buildings approximately 3600 m2 or larger. Nevertheless, from analyzing the correlation between the WFR and the energy requirements, it could be deduced that energy required increased proportionally when the WFR was 0.1 or higher. On the other hand, the correlation between WWR, U-value, solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), and material property values of windows had little effect on energy when the WWR was 20%, and the highest effect was seen at a WWR of 100%. Further, with an SHGC below 0.3, the energy requirement decreased with an increasing WWR, regardless of U-value. In addition, we confirmed the need for in-depth research on the impact of the windows’ U-value, SHGC, and WWR, and this will be verified through future studies. In future studies on window performance, U-value, SHGC, visible light transmittance (VLT), wall U-value as sensitivity variables, and correlation between WFR and building size will be examined.

scholarly journals Assessing the Energy Resilience of Office Buildings: Development and Testing of a Simplified Metric for Real Estate Stakeholders

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Paul Mathew ◽  
Lino Sanchez ◽  
Sang Hoon Lee ◽  
Travis Walter
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
Continuity Of Operations ◽  
Quasi Monte Carlo ◽  
Building Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Increasing concern over higher frequency extreme weather events is driving a push towards a more resilient built environment. In recent years there has been growing interest in understanding how to evaluate, measure, and improve building energy resilience, i.e., the ability of a building to provide energy-related services in the event of a local or regional power outage. In addition to human health and safety, many stakeholders are keenly interested in the ability of a building to allow continuity of operations and minimize business disruption. Office buildings are subject to significant economic losses when building operations are disrupted due to a power outage. We propose “occupant hours lost” (OHL) as a means to measure the business productivity lost as the result of a power outage in office buildings. OHL is determined based on indoor conditions in each space for each hour during a power outage, and then aggregated spatially and temporally to determine the whole building OHL. We used quasi-Monte Carlo parametric energy simulations to demonstrate how the OHL metric varies due to different building characteristics across different climate zones and seasons. The simulation dataset was then used to develop simple regression models for assessing the impact of ten key building characteristics on OHL. The most impactful were window-to-wall ratio and window characteristics. The regression models show promise as a simple means to assess and screen for resilience using basic building characteristics, especially for non-critical facilities where it may not be viable to conduct detailed engineering analysis.

Molecular Dynamics Study of Ion Impact Phenomena and Compressive Stress in Thin Films

1993 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Marks ◽  
P. Guan ◽  
D.R. Mckenzie ◽  
B.A. PailThorpe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Loss Mechanism ◽  
Ion Energy ◽  
Lennard Jones ◽  
Impact Phenomena ◽  
Ion Impact ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTMolecular dynamics simulations of nickel and carbon have been used to study the phenomena due to ion impact. The nickel and carbon interactions were described using the Lennard-Jones and Stillinger-Weber potentials respectively. The phenomena occurring after the impact of 100 e V to 1 keV ions were studied in the nickel simulations, which were both two and three-dimensional. Supersonic focussed collision sequences (or focusons) were observed, and associated with these focusons were unexpected sonic bow waves, which were a major energy loss mechanism for the focuson. A number of 2D carbon films were grown and the stress in the films as a function of incident ion energy was Measured. With increasing energy the stress changed from tensile to compressive and reached a maximum around 50 eV, in agreement with experiment.

Molecular Dynamics Study on the Impact of the Cutting Depth to the Titanium Nanometric Cutting

2014 ◽  
Vol 536-537 ◽  
pp. 1431-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Yin Cheng Zhang ◽  
Shun He Qi ◽  
Zhi Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Cutting Depth ◽  
Nanometric Cutting ◽  
The Impact

Based on the molecular dynamics (MD) theory, in this article, we made a simulation study on titanium nanometric cutting process at different cutting depths, and analyzed the changes of the cutting depth to the effects on the work piece morphology, system potential energy, cutting force and work piece temperature in this titanium nanometric cutting process. The results show that with the increase of the cutting depth, system potential energy, cutting force and work piece temperature will increase correspondingly while the surface quality of machined work piece will decrease.

Alcohol, Alcoholism, and Crime

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selden D. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Social Custom ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This article is concerned with the overlapping of two phe nomena, each of which can occur independently of the other. The first is deviation from the specific social custom of drinking. The second, crime, refers to a class of deviations from many different customs of a society—deviations possessing one unique attribute in common, that of eliciting purposeful, negative sanc tions by the government. General knowledge about deviation from custom and about the impact of alcohol upon human behavior must be combined with an understanding of each of these two categories of deviance in order to assess the overlap.

Study on the effect of temperature and strain rate on Ni2FeCrCuAl high entropy alloy: a molecular dynamics study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 045042
Author(s):  
S Gowthaman ◽  
T Jagadeesha
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Point Defects ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract High entropy alloy has offered significant attention in various material science applications, due to its excellent material features. In this investigation, the mechanical characteristics of Ni2FeCrCuAl High Entropy Alloy (HEA) have been examined under variable temperature and strain rates to analyze its influence over the material features of high entropy alloy through Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation and it is stated that the formation of various point defects and dislocations are the major cause for the augmentation of tensile deformation which impacts the tensile behavior of high entropy alloy. Moreover, the Radial Distribution Function (RDF) has been examined throughout tensile deformation, to investigate the impact of applied stress over the de-bonding of various atoms and it is found that the strain rate has a greater beneficial impact over the material feature trailed by the temperature outcome, owed to its superior impact on the formation of point defects and shear strain during tensile characterization.

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