scholarly journals Socio-Economic Differences in the Prevalence of Single Motherhood in North America and Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith C. Koops ◽  
Aart C. Liefbroer ◽  
Anne H. Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Single Motherhood ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Family Demography ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Negative Gradient ◽  
Ses Differences

AbstractThe study focuses on understanding the association between parental socio-economic status (SES) and the likelihood of women experiencing a first birth while single, and identifying societal factors that influence this association in 18 North American and European societies. Previous research has shown that single motherhood occurs disproportionately among those from with lower a lower parental SES. The study assesses whether this is caused by parental SES differences in the risk of single women experiencing a first conception leading to a live birth or by parental SES differences in how likely women are to enter a union during pregnancy. Additionally, an assessment is made of whether cross-national differences in these associations can be explained by a country’s access to family planning, norms regarding family formation, and economic inequality. Across countries, a negative gradient of parental SES was found on the likelihood of single women to experience a first pregnancy. The negative gradient was stronger in countries with better access to family planning. In some countries, the negative gradient of parental SES was aggravated during pregnancy because women from lower parental SES were less likely to enter a union. This was mostly found in societies with less conservative norms regarding marriage. The results suggest that certain developments in Western societies may increase socio-economic differentials in family demography.

scholarly journals “This is not my decision; I have no alternative”. Perceptions and experiences of marriage age and family planning among Syrian women and men: a primary care study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Döner ◽  
Kadriye Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Primary Health

Abstract Purpose: Reproductive health includes the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide. In this context, both women and men have rights. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the obstacles in using these rights and to describe perceptions on marriage and family planning (FP) of Syrian women and men and to increase awareness for developing new policies on the Primary Health Care. Methods: The study was conducted using qualitative method, consisting of in-depth interviews with 54 participants; 43 women and 11 men who had to emigrate from varied regions of Syria at different times since 2011. Syrian women living in Hatay, in the south of Turkey were identified from Primary Health Care Center. Most of the Syrian women had given birth to the first two children before the age of 20 years. The interviewees were selected by purposive and snowball sampling. Results: The result was examined under seven headings: knowledge about FP and contraceptive methods, hesitation about contraceptive methods, emotional pressure of family and fear of maintaining marriage, embarrassing of talking about sexuality and contraception, the effects of belief and culture on contraception, psychological reflections of war, and changes in the perception of health during the process of immigration. The most significant factors affecting the approaches to FP and contraceptive methods of the women in this study were determined to be education, traditions, economic status, and religious beliefs. The most important factors affecting participants’ FP and contraceptive method approaches are education, cultural beliefs, economic status, and religious beliefs. Conclusions: The primary healthcare centers are at a very strategical point for offering FP services to help address patients’ unmet contraceptive needs and improve pregnancy outcomes. More attention should be paid to social determinants that influence the access to reproductive health. Moreover, efforts can be done to address gender inequality that intercept FP. The most important strategy for primary health systems to follow the gender barriers that hinder access to FP services and men are empowered to share responsibility for FP.

scholarly journals The roads more or less traveled - A sequence analysis of family formation and parenthood for a cohort of Danish women born in the 1970s

2017 ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Tinne Steffensen
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Technologies ◽  
Ideal Family ◽  
First Child ◽  
Civil Status

Relatively low fertility and an increased age at first birth, along with the development of assisted reproduction technologies have increased attention to when and how many times Danish women give birth. While some argue that family formation has become increasingly plural and differentiated, others maintain that the nuclear family remains the ideal family for the majority of women. In this article, I investigate family formation trajectories for a random sample of 1,500 women born in 1973 and 1974. For this sample, I perform sequence analysis of longitudinal registry data on civil status, fertility, education and income through the ages 22 to 37. Focusing on timing, order and duration in the sequences studied, I identify seven distinct clusters (i.e. typologies) of family formations in Denmark. The majority (68 percent) of the women’s trajectories represent varieties of the nuclear family. For all clusters, my results confirm the event of the first child as a constituting factor of the nuclear family, which often precedes marriage. However, the identified clusters also show great variation when it comes to age at birth of first child, socio-economic status and overall turbulence in their trajectories.

Role of Socio-Technical Assistance (STA) in Private Housing Reconstruction for Vulnerable Community (A case study of Okhaldhunga District, Nepal)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Tej Bahadur Karki ◽  
Rita Lamsal ◽  
Namita Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Private Housing ◽  
Vulnerable Households ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Almost All

Vulnerability is such stage when such people and group can be easily harmed physically or emotionally. They are always in risk in natural or man-made disaster so such people and groups should be cared and supported by all concerns. Great earthquake of August 2015, many old age people, poor, single women, child-headed family and disable family become vulnerable in earthquake affected districts of Nepal. So, Nepal Government had deployed the Socio-Technical Assistance (STA) team to support the vulnerable households. The main objective of this study was to identify the role of STA in private housing reconstruction of vulnerable household. The study was conducted in Okhaldhunga district among the 35 vulnerable households. The study was based on the mixed method so both quantitative and qualitative method was used to collect the data. The findings show that majority of ethnic group who were more than 70 years old were in urgent need of support who were fully supported by STA. almost all beneficiaries were happy with the support and behaviour of STA. economically, 44.1% household had spent more than 3 Lakh to build the house so they had to manage the additional amount. They had taken loan from relative and neighbor so Nepal Government should provide livelihood support to such household to improve their socio-economic status.

Aspirational Maternalism and the “Reconstitution” of Single Mothers in Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Marie Newman
Keyword(s):  
Single Mothers ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Single Motherhood ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Moral Discourses ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThis article interrogates how employees at single-mother associations in Morocco construct the mère célibataire (single mother) as an archetypal, aspirational figure. Based on two years of ethnographic fieldwork (2013–15), this article traces how counselors work with single mothers to imagine alternative maternal futures. I argue that by invoking a counternarrative I call “aspirational maternalism,” single-mother advocates disrupt traditional maternalist rhetoric that excludes single women. Aspirational maternalism draws on moral discourses and neoliberal values of independence and responsibility. Through its deployment, counselors create affective space for single mothers to think beyond pathologizing portrayals of single motherhood in Morocco. Counselors also disrupt the neoliberal focus on calculated, self-interested action by centering “the mother-child couple” within aspirational maternalism. The ideal-typical Mère Célibataire is capable of achieving the transformation from victim to self-sovereign mother. And yet, aspirational maternalism elides the significant structural obstacles to independence that single mothers face.

FAR BELOW REPLACEMENT FERTILITY IN URBAN CHINA

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (S1) ◽  
pp. S4-S19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongwei Zhao ◽  
Qinzi Xu ◽  
Xin Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government

SummaryChina’s urban population has experienced rapid fertility decline over the past six decades. This drastic change will have a significant impact on China’s demographic, social and economic future. However, the patterns and characteristics of urban China’s fertility decline have not been systematically examined. This study analyses the trends and age patterns of fertility in urban China since the 1950s, and summarizes the major characteristics of reproductive behaviours into four ‘lows’: extremely ‘low’ level of fertility; ‘low’ proportion of two and higher parity births; ‘low’ mean age at birth; and ‘low’ level of childlessness. The paper argues that the highly homogenous reproductive behaviours found in China’s now near 800 million urban population have been in part shaped by the country’s unprecedented government intervention in family planning. The ‘later, longer, fewer’ campaign in the 1970s and the ‘one-child’ policy, in particular, have left clear imprints on China’s reproductive norms and fertility patterns. The government-led family planning programme, however, has not been the only driving force of fertility decline. A wide range of social, economic, political and cultural changes have also affected the transition in family formation, reproductive behaviour and fertility patterns, and this has become increasingly prominent in the past two decades.

Fertility, Marriage, and Family Planning in Iran: Implications for Future Policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meimanat Hosseini-Chavoshi ◽  
Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi ◽  
Peter McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Program Policy ◽  
The Government

Abstract The Islamic Republic of Iran has experienced a remarkable demographic transition over the last three decades. As a result of social, demographic and economic changes, Iran’s fertility declined from 7.0 births per woman in 1980 to around 1.8 to 2.0 in 2011 based on our estimation (McDonald et al. 2015). The initial rise and rapid fall of fertility accompanied by a decline of child mortality led to a post-revolutionary youth bulge in the age distribution that will lead to rapid ageing in the longer-term future. Others have argued that Iran’s fertility has fallen to much lower levels - as low as 1.5 births per woman (eg. Erfani 2013). Such low estimates led to the Government of Iran adopting a pronatalist policy with the aim of increasing fertility, although the components of the policy are still under discussion. Different views have been expressed on the role of family planning and other programs in meeting population policy goals in Iran in the future with some advocating the discontinuation of government assistance to family planning. This paper aims to review the trends and levels of fertility, marriage, and family planning and their implications for policy. Using various datasets and detailed parity-based measures of fertility, the dynamics of fertility regulation practiced by Iranian couples are investigated. Our findings suggest that contraceptive use stabilized before 2000 and postponement of the first child and wide birth intervals are the main contributors to the level of fertility. Therefore, instead of discontinuation of the family planning program, policy to sustain fertility at its present level or a little higher needs to focus upon improving the economic circumstances of young people so that they are able to make less constrained choices about family formation than is the case at present.

scholarly journals Determinants of Long Acting Contraception Among Women Using Modern Contraception in Cameroon.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Guy TOGUEM
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraception ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Background: In Cameroon, 23% of married women, 34% of sexually active single women have unmet needs for family planning and 58% of the reproductive age patients are not interested in family planning. While a long acting contraception such as intra uterine devise is known to be safe, highly effective, and cost effective; less than 1% of reproductive age women in Cameroon use a long acting reversible contraception. These contribute to Cameroon’s mother mortality rate of 600 per 100,000 live births. In this study, we tried to identify the determinants of use or none use of long acting contraception among Cameroonian women using a modern contraception so that they can be acted upon to improve long acting contraception use in cameroon.Methods: The study uses data from 2,231 women aged 15 to 49 years old, using a modern contraception and included in the demographic health survey of Cameroon 2018/19. Bivariate, then multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted for the study outcome of short versus long term modern contraception. Statistical significance was taken at p < 0.05.Results: Among women using a modern contraception in Cameroon, 45.4% were using a long acting contraception. The mean determinants for this were: increase age, being more than 10 people in the household, belonging to the poorer and middle economic quintiles, being insulted or made to feel bad sometimes by the husband or the partner. Conclusion: To improve the use of long acting contraception among women using a modern contraception in Cameroon, a special consideration should be given to women experiencing domestic violence without forgetting the other determinants.

scholarly journals Further report on the higher frequency of withdrawal as contraception among Iranian women: demand for more powerful education programs in health care systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Karami ◽  
Fatemeh Gholami ◽  
Asemeh Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Background Information ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: Family planning has critical role in improvement of various aspects of community health. Owing to the limited and incomplete previously performed studies, the present work was conducted to determine the frequency of contraception methods and most important factors in selection of them among women of Tehran province.Methods: The present assay was designed as analytical and observational cross-sectional study. A questionnaire including 24 questions was filled for 395 women (18-40 years old) refereed to multiple private clinics in three selected strict of Tehran. Questions were designed in order to address the type of contraception method besides multiple social, economic and cultural factors which may affect the selection and demographic characteristics of enrolled samples.Results: The frequency of the type of contraceptive methods was significantly different among women in different age categories (p-value=0.01). Overall rate of using contraceptive methods was 75.2% while remaining of the participants believed in no need for contraception. The most prevalent contraceptive methods were traditional methods (55.9%), modern methods (29.1%), combination of methods (8.1%) and surgery methods (6.8%), respectively. Status of housing was the only factor among economic issues which was meaningfully associated with the selection of the method. Conclusion: High prevalence of natural contraceptive methods even among highly educated women is relying on the demand for more education regarding the selection of best methods based on the background information, obstetrics history, age and economic status of women. Results of the present study can be implicated in further health programs to improve family planning.

A study on influence of education and occupation on family planning practices in rural Shamirpet, R.R. District, T.S., India.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 5525
Author(s):  
Vijayasree L.
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Safe Motherhood ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Contraceptive Usage ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Family planning is an important pillar for safe motherhood and good reproductive health and is influenced by number of socio-demographic factors. Since fertility in India is primarily marital this study was planned among married women. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 402 women of reproductive age group. Details regarding various socio-demographic factors with special emphasis on education and occupation of husband and wife and their socio-economic status and its relation to contraceptive usage were studied. Prevalence of contraception was found to be 61.7%. Contraceptive usage had a significantly positive relation with literacy status of women, socio economic status of the couple. On the other hand husband’s educational status, occupation of women, husband’s occupation did not have any relation with contraceptive usage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document