scholarly journals Further report on the higher frequency of withdrawal as contraception among Iranian women: demand for more powerful education programs in health care systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Karami ◽  
Fatemeh Gholami ◽  
Asemeh Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Background Information ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: Family planning has critical role in improvement of various aspects of community health. Owing to the limited and incomplete previously performed studies, the present work was conducted to determine the frequency of contraception methods and most important factors in selection of them among women of Tehran province.Methods: The present assay was designed as analytical and observational cross-sectional study. A questionnaire including 24 questions was filled for 395 women (18-40 years old) refereed to multiple private clinics in three selected strict of Tehran. Questions were designed in order to address the type of contraception method besides multiple social, economic and cultural factors which may affect the selection and demographic characteristics of enrolled samples.Results: The frequency of the type of contraceptive methods was significantly different among women in different age categories (p-value=0.01). Overall rate of using contraceptive methods was 75.2% while remaining of the participants believed in no need for contraception. The most prevalent contraceptive methods were traditional methods (55.9%), modern methods (29.1%), combination of methods (8.1%) and surgery methods (6.8%), respectively. Status of housing was the only factor among economic issues which was meaningfully associated with the selection of the method. Conclusion: High prevalence of natural contraceptive methods even among highly educated women is relying on the demand for more education regarding the selection of best methods based on the background information, obstetrics history, age and economic status of women. Results of the present study can be implicated in further health programs to improve family planning.

scholarly journals PARITAS, PEKERJAAN DAN PENDIDIKAN BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMILIHAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI MKJP PADA AKSEPTOR KB

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-750
Author(s):  
Novi Eniastina Jasa ◽  
Akma Listiana ◽  
Risneni Risneni
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction : Long Term Contraceptive Method (MKJP) is a contraceptive method used to delay, space out pregnancy, and stop fertility that is used in the long term, which includes IUD (Intra Uterine Device), Implant (KB) and tubectomy. The MKJP failure rate is reported to be 0.2 per thousand users, while the non MKJP method is reported to be more than 10 per thousand users. From this, it can be seen that the MKJP method is more effective in preventing pregnancy in its users. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parity, employment and education with the selection of Long-term Contraceptive Methods (MKJP) at PMB Rosbiatul.Method : The research design is correlational descriptive with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all MKJP and Non MKJP family planning acceptors who visited PMB Rosbiatul with a total of 194 respondents. The sampling technique in this study is total sampling where the entire population is used as a research sample, namely as many as 194 respondents. The variables in this study were parity, occupation and education with the selection of the MKJP Contraceptive Device. The measuring instrument used is a data collection format in the form of a checklist. This research was carried out from January to August in 2021. The data analysis used was quantitative analysis carried out through univariate analysis to see the distribution of each variable, bivariate analysis using Chi Square.Results : Of the 194 family planning acceptors, 82 people (42.3%) used the Long-Term Contraception Method (MKJP) and 112 people (57.7%) used the Non-MKJP Contraception Method. From 194 there were 123 multiparous (63.4%), and 71 primiparous (36.6%). From 194 people, 69 respondents (35.6%) worked and 125 people (64.4%) did not work. From 194 people, there are 133 respondents (68.6%) with higher education and 61 respondents (31.4%) with low education. From the results of the study, it is known that there is a relationship between the selection of the MKJP KB with maternal education with a p value of 0.002, there is a relationship between the selection of the MKJP KB with the mother's occupation, with a p value of 0.003, and there is a relationship between the selection of the MKJP KB with maternal parity with a p value. value 0.003.Conclusion :  The conclusion of the study is that there is a significant relationship between parity, education and mother's occupation with the choice of long-term contraceptive method (MKJP). Suggestion : Health workers are expected to be able to provide counseling and information about Long-Term Contraceptive Methods (MKJP) for effectiveness in preventing or spacing pregnancies. Keywords : parity, employment, education, MKJP ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP) adalah metode kontrasepsi yang digunakan untuk menunda, menjarangkan kehamilan, serta menghentikan kesuburan yang digunakan dalam jangka panjang, yang meliputi IUD (Intra Uterine Device) , Implant (susuk KB) dan tubektomi. Angka kegagalan MKJP dilaporkan sebesar 0,2 perseribu pengguna, sedangkan metode non MKJP dilaporkan terjadi lebih dari 10 perseribu pengguna. Dari hal tersebut terlihat bahwa metode MKJP lebih efektif untuk dapat mencegah terjadinya kehamilan pada penggunanya.. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Hubungan paritas, pekerjaan dan pendidikan dengan pemilihan Metode Kontrasepsi jangka Panjang  (MKJP)  di PMB Rosbiatul.Metode Penelitian: Design penelitian adalah deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua akseptor KB MKJP dan Non MKJP yang mengunjungi PMB Rosbiatul dengan jumlah 194 responden. Tekhnik pengambilan sample pada penelitian ini adalah total sampling dimana seluruh populasi di jadikan sample penelitian yaitu sebanyak 194 responden. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah paritas, pekerjaan dan pendidikan dengan pemilihan Alat Kontrasepsi MKJP. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah format pengumpulan data berupa checklist.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai bulan Agustus pada tahun 2021. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif dilakukan melalui analisis univariat untuk melihat distribusi masing-masing variabel, analisis bivariate menggunakan Chi Square.Hasil penelitian: Dari 194 akseptor KB sebanyak 82 orang ( 42,3%) menggunakan Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP) dan sebanyak 112 orang (57,7%) menggunakan Metode Kontrasepsi Non MKJP. Dari 194 ada 123 multipara (63,4%), dan 71 0rang primipara (36,6%). Dari 194 orang sebesar 69 responden (35,6%) bekerja dan 125 orang (64,4%) tidak bekerja. Dari 194 orang terdapat 133 responden (68,6%) pendidikan tinggi dan 61 responden (31,4%) pendidikan rendah. Dari  hasil penelitian diketahui terdapat hubungan antara pemilihan KB MKJP dengan pendidikan ibu dengan nilai p.value 0,002, terdapat hubungan antara pemilihan KB MKJP dengan pekerjaan ibu, dengan nilai p value 0,003, dan terdapat hubungan antara pemilihan KB MKJP dengan paritas ibu dengan nilai p.value 0,003.Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara paritas, pendidikan dan pekerjaan ibu dengan pemilihan metode kontrasepsi jangka panjang (MKJP).Saran: Bagi tenaga kesehatan diharapkan dapat memberikan konseling serta informasi tentang Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP) untuk efektifitas dalam mencegah atau menjarangkan kehamilan Kata Kunci: paritas, pekerjaan, pendidikan, MKJP

Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Methods Use in Piple, Chitwan of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Rajani Shah ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Malla
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Living Children

 Background: Family planning contributes in preventing maternal and child mortality and empowers women. For the past ten years contraceptive prevalence rate has remained stagnant in Nepal. This study aimed at iden­tifying the use and factors associated with modern contraceptive methods in Piple, Chitwan, Nepal. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Piple village development com­mittee was selected purposively, in which two wards were randomly se­lected. Married women of reproductive age (n=332) of each household were interviewed. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Results: About half (49%) of the respondents had used a modern contra­ceptive method. Women in the age groups 25-39 years [aOR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.16 - 4.92] and 40-49 years [aOR: 4.67; 95% CI: 1.71 - 12.70] were more likely to use modern contraceptives compared to the women in the age group 15-24 years. Similarly, women having 3 or more living children [aOR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.19 - 7.50] were more likely to use the modern contracep­tives than women with upto two children. Women whose husbands would approve of using the contraceptives [aOR: 11.33; 95% CI: 3.93-32.62] were more likely to use the methods than those who got or perceived no ap­proval from husband. Conclusions: Information and service on modern contraceptive methods should be focused to younger women. Involvement of husbands in family planning program would contribute to use of modern contraceptives by women.

scholarly journals IMPROVING DESIGN AND DELIVERY OF FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES TO MEET THE UNMET NEED FOR CONTRACEPTION IN QUETTA BALOCHISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Naiha Sagheer ◽  
Saleem Ullah ◽  
Noureen Latif ◽  
Tabinda Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Approximeately 24 percent of married women of reproductive age in Pakistan would like to adopt family planning, but are unable to avail the means to practice contraception. This study has been conducted to find out frequency and perception about family planning practices and further to explore and analyze the causes of failure to meet the demand for contraception. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on married females of reproductive age group and married males while visiting the outpatient departments of two hospitals of Quetta from January to September 2017. They were interviewed by researchers through a structured, reliable and pretested questionnaire. The data obtained and analyzed by using SPSS 21 version. Results: 76% of participants were in favour of practicing yet only 33.8% had actually practiced it sometime during their reproductive years. The major reasons for not using family planning were the apprehension of harmful effects of contraceptive methods (52.6%), non-supportive partner (30%), unavailability of services (11.4%) and religious constraints (6%). The mass media was the main source of motivational information(69%) followed by Lady health workers. Conclusion: The current prevalence of family planning is still not at the expected level, There is a dire need of the continued use of mass media and services of community health workers to raise awareness. The practice of modern contraceptive methods can be enhanced by provision of client-centered quality services.. An increase in the number of family planning centers along with an efficient functioning, monitoring, and evaluation are also required to address unmet needs of the community near their doorstep.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression among Antenatal Women in Sriperumbudur, Chennai

2021 ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
Jayashree Kannappan ◽  
Abhilash Kannappan ◽  
V. S. Prema Subathiraa ◽  
Shanthi Dinakaran ◽  
P. S. Jikki Kalaselvi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Background: Women are twice as likely as males to suffer from mood disorders, which tend to cluster around the childbearing years. Depression negatively influences maternal and neonatal outcomes. Objective: The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of depression in pregnant women aged 18 – 35 yrs and to identify predictors accounting for variability across estimates during pandemic. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study, conducted among 74 pregnant women coming for antenatal checkups in the Sriperumbudur, Chennai. Using height and weight values obtained from the sample, Body Mass Index (weight in kg/height in metre squares) was calculated. Hamilton – Depression Scale (HAM-d) was applied after initial psychiatry work up to all women who were selected for the interview. Mean of parameters were assessed and correlation value were calculated by Fisher’s exact test. The statistically significant P value was less than 0.05. Results: The sociodemographic variables have been found as significant contributors in explaining the variability of the prevalence rates of antenatal depression. It showed positive correlation between economic status and depression (p<0.05) and a negative correlation between obesity and depression (p>0.05). According to the findings, fewer than 1/3rd of pregnant women experience depression as a result of life circumstances such as economic crises in order to support their families. These were identified as significant associate variables (P>0.05). And also, this study identified insufficient socioeconomic assistance were more likely to experience multiple psychological discomfort [atleast 1] than women who got appropriate economic support. (r = -0.118, P < 0.001) Conclusion: In rural Tamilnadu, the prevalence of antenatal depression among women is significant. Antenatal Depression is caused by a number of circumstances, including physical, obstetric, economic, and family-related issues. To treat these antenatal depression risk factors, comprehensive therapies are required.

scholarly journals Awareness regarding birth spacing family planning methods among antenatal mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Vidhya Rajan ◽  
Saraswathi Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Family Planning Methods

Background: According to WHO, the ideal interval between two pregnancies is 24 months. In India the contraceptive needs of young couples especially in the area of spacing pregnancies is largely unmet. Hence this study is undertaken to know the pre-existing knowledge of our antenatal population regarding contraceptive methods available for birth spacing. Aim of the study was to the knowledge and attitude regarding birth spacing family planning methods among antenatal mothers.Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Antenatal mothers attending the antenatal outpatient department of SBMCH, who are intending to have another child are invited to participate in this study. With informed consent, they are asked to fill a questionnaire, with questions regarding their knowledge and attitude towards the advantages and disadvantages of various contraceptive methods for birth spacing. The results of the study were analyzed by statistical analysis inrespect to various demographic factors of the population.Results: Total 92%of antenatal mothers were aware of health benefits associated with birth spacing. Yet only 45% were willing to adopt a method of contraception. Condoms is the most commonly preferred method for contraception (33.3%) and fear for side effects (43%) is the most common reason for not accepting a particular method of contraception.Conclusions: Though the awareness regarding the need and methods available for birth spacing methods of are widely prevalent in our urban based population, there is still a high percentage of mothers with misconceptions regarding the side effects associated with the birth spacing methods. Hence health education and counselling would improve the acceptance of contraceptive methods for birth spacing.

A study of blood pressure in school children between the age of 6-12 years in Chennai, India: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2205
Author(s):  
Madhivanan S. ◽  
Harikrishnan E. ◽  
Kumarasamy K.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Blood pressure measurements in childhood are an important clinical examination. Present study was done to evaluate the normal range of blood pressure (BP) in children aged 6-12 years and to find its relationship with regard to age, sex, height and weight criteria and comparing the values with the available standards.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was done in primary and middle schools of Chennai from January 2016 to May 2017. Three readings of blood pressure were recorded for each subject and were correlated with age, gender, socioeconomic status and anthropometry. Data was analysed on SPSS 20.0. P value of <0.05 was considered significantResults: A total of 2002 children (1026 boys, 976 girls) of age between 6-12 years were examined over 18 months. There was an upward trend in both systolic (r = 0.437, P<0.001) and diastolic BP (r = 0.386, P <0.001) with age. There was no statistically significant difference in mean systolic and diastolic BP with gender (P = 0.10), weight (P = 0.10) and height (P = 0.10). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean systolic and diastolic BP between low and high socio-economic groups (P <0.0001). The proportion of children with hypertension was 9.54% with a slight female preponderance.Conclusions: Blood pressure measurement in children is pivotal in clinical examination. It shows a linear relationship with age and varies across socio-economic status. Periodic recording of BP would enable identify hypertension at an early age.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF ADOLESCENT MALNUTRITION IN A COMMUNITY IN SOKOTO, NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 527-531
Author(s):  
Yusuf T ◽  
Jibrin B ◽  
Mohammed AH ◽  
Adamu A.
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
P Value ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
And Gender

Background: Adolescence is accompanied by increase in nutritional requirements due to the rapid growth and development associated with it. Adolescent nutritional status extends to adulthood and a predisposing factor to childhood malnutrition and non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of malnutrition among adolescent in a semi-urban community in Sokoto. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study carried out between January and June, 2018 at Gwuiwa community, Wamakko LGA, Sokoto State. The demographics, weight, height and BMI were documented. Nutritional status was determined using the WHO BMI tables for appropriate age and gender. The socio-economic class of the participants was determined the Ogunlesi's classification. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Respondents' mean age was 12.6 (±2.3) about two-thirds of the respondents were aged 10-13 years. There were 84 (42.4%) males with M:F ratio of 1:1.4. One hundred and eight (54.6%), 63(31.8%) and 27(13.6%) were from lower, middle and upper socio-economic classes respectively. About a third (30.3%) of the respondents were stunted, 33 (16.7%) wasted and 3(1.5%) were overweight. Age (p=0.008) and socio-economic status (p= 0.04) were the correlates of adolescent malnutrition. Conclusion: Undernutrition is commoner among adolescents; with emerging overnutrition in the study area. There is need for concerted efforts on prevention at all levels to reduce its impact on non-communicable diseases and the nutritional status of future generations of our community.

scholarly journals Pemilihan Alat Kontrasepsi dalam Rahim (AKDR) pada akseptor Keluarga Berencana

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Mita Meilani ◽  
Ade Putranto Prasetyo Wijiharto Tunggali
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Selection Of

Family Planning is the most basic and primary preventive health service effort. One of the acceptable contraceptives in Indonesia is the Contraceptive Intra Uteri Device (IUD), which is the most effective, safe and comfortable contraception for many women. Use of contraception is still dominated by short-term contraceptives, especially injections which reach 31.2% and pills 13.4%. While the level of use of the Long-Term Contraception method, the IUD reaches 4.8%. In 2013, based on the results of the KB prevalence survey with MKJP of 64.6%. Overall, there were still 16 provinces that reached the position of family planning prevalence with MKJP lower than the national figure (> 64.6%). This study aims to determine the relationship of maternal characteristics with the selection of contraceptives Intra Uteri Device (IUD) on family planning acceptors at the Kramatwatu Health Center in Serang, Banten. This quantitative study uses a cross sectional approach with 82  acceptor respondents and uses a check list instrument. The results of the research prove that with the results of statistically significant tests showing that there is a relationship between maternal age, maternal parity, maternal education and occupation with the selection of contraceptives intra uteri device on family planning acceptors with p-value 0.004 <0.05, p-value 0.007 <0 .05, p-value 0.006 <0.05 and p-value 0.007 <0.05. The conclusion in this study there is a relationship between maternal characteristics with the IUD selection so that health workers can optimize counseling about family planning, especially the use of intra uterine devices (IUD).

scholarly journals Factors associated with Myopia among Children at Eye Hospital Kathmandu

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Beenu Bista ◽  
Soni Shrestha ◽  
Bipanda Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Dim Light

Myopia is the most prevalent refractive error among the children leading to blindness. The prevalence rate is increased since few years back due to increase in modern technologies and mode of study among children. This descriptive cross sectional study aims to explore factors contributing to myopia among children visiting refractive clinic/refractive department of Nepal Eye Hospital. Non probability purposive sampling method and 206 children were used for this study. Structured questionnaire were used along with the children and their parents. Chi-square test was used for finding the association with the contributing factors. The study population varies between the ages of 5 to 17 years with the mean age±12 and mostly affecting the children above 10 years. Myopia is significantly associated with religion, ethnicity, heredity, parent’s level of education. Income status of family, reading at dim light is significantly associated with myopia as p-value is <0.0001. Myopia in children attending refractory OPD of Nepal Eye Hospital was associated with heredity, socio-economic status and level of education of parent; continue reading, additional classes, watching video/ television, using computer or cell phone, sports (football, cricket), dim light and not associated with residential area, type of school, night lightness, dietary pattern and ocular hygiene; therefore parents along with children and teachers should be given awareness program about early screening and its preventive measures.Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Vol. 2 2016 p.61-69

scholarly journals Assessment of episodes of pneumonia and diarrhea in vaccinated and unvaccinated children under 60 months of age

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shireen Qassim Bham ◽  
Farhan Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Athar Khan ◽  
Rashid Naseem Khan
Keyword(s):  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Selection Of

Objective: To assess the episodes of pneumonia and diarrhea in vaccinated and unvaccinated children under 60 months of age. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Darul Sehat Hospital and SESSI, Karachi in the Department of Pediatrics from 1st November 2018 to 3rd February 2019. An interview based questionnaire was administered and selection of participants was done by convenience sampling. Total of 196 participants were selected for interview. Results: Total 196 participants were interviewed which included mothers of children between the age group of 1- 60 months. The questions were entered on the questionnaire after taking consent from the mothers. Among them, males were 98 (52.7%) and females were 88(47.3%). One hundred seventy two (88.7%) children were vaccinated for pneumococcal and rotavirus whereas unvaccinated children were 22(11.3%). There was an incidence of 66(63.5%) for loose watery diarrhea. In vaccinated children, grading of diarrhea was found to be severe cases as 30 (34.9%), moderate cases as 27 (31.4%) and mild cases as 29(33.7%). For unvaccinated children, severe cases were 12 (66.7%) and for mild and moderate cases were (11.1%) and 04(22.2%) respectively with p value of 0.035. As compared to their unvaccinated counterparts, the frequency of severe pneumonia was far less than cough and cold in vaccinated children (p<0.001) Conclusion: There is significant reduction in cases of severe pneumonia in children receiving pneumococcal vaccine as compared to children receiving Rota vaccine there is moderate reduction in cases of severe diarrhea. The overall coverage of Pneumococcal and Rota vaccines was higher in our sample population. Efforts should be made to increase the awareness of Rotavirus vaccination in order to have better coverage in future. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2996 How to cite this:Bham SQ, Saeed F, Khan MA, Khan RN. Assessment of episodes of pneumonia and diarrhea in vaccinated and unvaccinated children under 60 months of age. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2996 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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