scholarly journals Use of Non-Destructive Measurements to Identify Cucurbit Species (Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata) Tolerant to Waterlogged Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1226
Author(s):  
Hsin-Hung Lin ◽  
Kuan-Hung Lin ◽  
Meng-Yuan Huang ◽  
Yi-Ru Su
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Non Destructive

Limited information is available regarding the physiology of squash plants grown under waterlogging stress. The objectives of this study were to investigate the growth and physiological performances of three cucurbit species, Cucurbita maxima cultivar (cv.) OK-101 (OK) and Cucurbita moschata cv. Early Price (EP) and Strong Man (SM), in response to waterlogging conditions, and to develop a precise, integrated, and quantitative non-destructive measurement of squash genotypes under stress. All tested plants were grown in a growth chamber under optimal irrigation and growth conditions for a month, and the pot plants were then subjected to non-waterlogging (control) and waterlogging treatments for periods of 1, 3, 7, and 13 days (d), followed by a 3-d post-waterlogging recovery period after water drainage. Plants with phenotypes, such as fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and dry matter (DM) of shoots and roots, and various physiological systems, including relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter, ratio of variable/maximal fluorescence (Fv/Fm), quantum photosynthetic yield (YII), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and photochemical reflectance index (PRI) values, responded differently to waterlogging stress in accordance with the duration of the stress period and subsequent recovery period. When plants were treated with stress for 13 d, all plants exhibited harmful effects to their leaves compared with the control, but EP squash grew better than SM and OK squashes and exhibited stronger tolerance to waterlogging and showed less injury. Changes in the fresh weight, dry weight, and dry matter of shoots and roots indicated that OK plants suffered more severely than EP plants at the 3-d drainage period. The values of RWC, SPAD, Fv/Fm, YII, NDVI, and PRI in both SM and OK plants remarkably decreased at waterlogging at the 13-d time point compared with controls under identical time periods. However, the increased levels of SPAD, Fv/Fm, YII, NDVI, and PRI observed on 7 d or 13 d of waterlogging afforded the EP plant leaf with improved waterlogged tolerance. Significant and positive correlations were observed among NDVI and PRI with SPAD, Fv/Fm, and YII, indicating that these photosynthetic indices can be useful for developing non-destructive estimations of chlorophyll content in squashes when screening for waterlogging-tolerant plants, for establishing development practices for their cultivation in fields, and for enhanced cultivation during waterlogging in frequently flooded areas.

scholarly journals Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Swati Priya ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽  
Mahesh Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Manures on Growth, Rhizome Yield and Quality Attributes of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. U. Kamal ◽  
M. N. Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Yield And Quality

The investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different organic manures on turmeric with reference to vegetative growth, biomass production, rhizome yield and its attributes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Turmeric showed better response to the application of organic manures. Plant with neem cake application had the taller plant (79.30 cm), maximum number of tillers per plant (5.40), leaf number (5.40), leaf area (44.09) leaf area index (0.429), fresh weight of halum ( 190.05g), fresh weight of root (49.13 g), fresh weight of rhizome per plant (256.21 g) and dry weight of halum (15.21g), dry weight of root (7.32 g), dry weight of rhizome per plant (40.35 g), total dry matter yield (6.85 t ha-1) than those received other types of manures. Moreover, yield attributes such as number of mother rhizomes per plant-1 (1.75), more number of primary rhizomes per plant-1 (5.19), secondary rhizomes per plant-1 (18.03) and tertiary rhizomes per plant (7.69) were also highly accelerated by neem cake application. Similarly, the same treatment expressed the best in terms of size of mother rhizome (7.69 cm), primary rhizome (21.86 cm) and secondary rhizomes (7.05 cm).All these parameters in cumulative contributed to  produce the highest estimated fresh rhizomes yield & cured rhizomes yield (29.48 t ha-1, 5.59 t ha-1 respectively). The highest curing percentage (20.28) was observed in T3 treatment having mustard cake@ 2.0 t/ha. Thus, organic manure like neem cake was best fitted natural fertilizer for turmeric cultivation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11060The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 16-22

scholarly journals Model Selection for Nondestructive Quantification of Fruit Growth in Pepper

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maaike Wubs ◽  
Yun T. Ma ◽  
Ep Heuvelink ◽  
Lia Hemerik ◽  
Leo F.M. Marcelis
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Weight Growth

Quantifying fruit growth can be desirable for several purposes (e.g., prediction of fruit yield and size, or for the use in crop simulation models). The goal of this article was to determine the best sigmoid function to describe fruit growth of pepper (Capsicum annuum) from nondestructive fruit growth measurements. The Richards, Gompertz, logistic, and beta growth functions were tested. Fruit growth of sweet pepper was measured nondestructively in an experiment with three different average daily temperatures (18, 21, and 24 °C) and in an experiment with six cultivars with different fruit sizes (20 to 205 g fresh weight). Measurements of fruit length and fruit diameter or circumference were performed twice per week. From these, fruit volume was estimated. A linear relationship related fruit fresh weight to estimated fruit volume, and a Ricker or polynomial function related fruit dry matter content to fruit age. These relations were used to convert estimated fruit volume into fruit fresh and dry weights. As dry weight increased until harvest, fitting the sigmoid function to the dry weight data was less suitable: it would create uncertainty in the estimated asymptote. Therefore, the sigmoid functions were fitted to fresh weight growth of the fruit. The Richards function was the best function in each data set, closely followed by the Gompertz function. The fruit dry weight growth is obtained by multiplication of the sigmoid function and the function relating fruit dry matter content to fruit age.

scholarly journals Utilization of Bio Slurry with Input of Buffalo Faeces and Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) With Various Doses of MOD (Microorganism Decomposer) on Productivity of Indigofera zollingeriana.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saudarman Sitanggang ◽  
Nurzainah Ginting ◽  
Yusuf Leonard Henuk ◽  
Yunilas ◽  
Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Indigofera Zollingeriana ◽  
Eichornia Crassipes ◽  
Plot Design

SAUDARMAN SITANGGANG, 2018: Utilization of Bio Slurry with Input of Buffalo Faeces and Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) With Various Doses of MOD (Microorganism Decomposer) on Productivity of Indigofera zollingeriana. Guided by NURZAINAH GINTING and YUSUF LEONARD HENUK. The aim of this research was to inventigate the effect of bio gas slurry with the input of buffalo feces and water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) with various doses of MOD (Microorganism Decomposer) on Indigofera zollingeriana productivity. This research was conducted in Parbaba Village, Pangururan District, Samosir Regency of North Sumatera from April to November 2017. The design used in this research was split plot design with 4 replications. Factor I dose of MOD, M1 = 1 liter / 150 liters and M2 = 2 liters /150 liters. Factor II dose of bio-slurry fertilizer with input of buffalo feces and water hyacinth parameters, P0 = 0 (as control), P1 = 20, P2 = 40. Were plant height, stems diameter, fresh weight production, and dry weight troduction. The results showed that dosage of MOD gave significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight production, and dry matter of Indigofera zollingeriana. The provision of bio gas slurry with buffalo faeces and water hyacinth with various doses of MOD has a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight production, and dry matter. The conclusion of this research that increasing the dose of MOD and fertilization dose of Indigofera zollingeriana gave a better result.

scholarly journals The Hormonal Seed Priming in Relation to Carrot Germination

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Filza Ghafoor ◽  
Sana Liaqat ◽  
Waseem Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Seedling Length

Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment used to reduce stress effects in crops .This technique has been used to increase the germination rate of seeds mainly under unfavorable environmental condition. Crop productivity faces many problems like that unavailability of suitable condition that causes unbalanced seedling growth and poor germination. Hormones are essential to improve plant growth, development, crop yield quality and quantity. Auxin is essential hormones that improves germination of seeds and reduce stress effects. Laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of seed priming using different concentrations of IAA and IBA on carrot seeds (Daucus carota). In laboratory experiment, three concentrations of IAA and IBA (75 ppm, 50ppm, 25ppm) treated with distilled water with priming duration of 24 hours. Experiment was laid out in CRD with three replications. Data was collected to investigate the effect of seed priming with IAA and IBA under these condition like that (fresh weight, dry weight, speed of germination, root length, seed length, seedling length, final germination rate, mean germination time and dry matter content). Maximum fresh weight, final germination percentage, seedling length, energy of germination, speed of germination and mean germination rate was recorded IBA 75ppm. Maximum dry weight and dry matter content was observed IBA 25ppm.Maximum shoot length was recorded IBA 50ppm. Non-significant difference was recorded in root length.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Components of Some Turmeric Varieties (Curcuma Longa L.) As Affected by Inorganic Fertilizer Levels in Umudike, South-Eastern, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Akpan A U ◽  
Orji K O ◽  
Uhala S C
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Cropping Seasons

A research on growth and yield components of some turmeric varieties (Curcuma longa L.) as affected by inorganic fertilizer levels in Umudike, South Eastern Nigeria was carried out at the teaching and research farm of the University, during 2018/2019 cropping seasons. It was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Results, showed that plant height and number of tillers for both varieties and fertilizers levels increased at 2, 4, and 6 months after planting (MAP) during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. Variety 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) Kg-1 produced tallest plants and highest number of tillers over other varieties and fertilizer levels. Crop growth rate was positive at 2 – 4 MAP and negative at 4 – 6 MAP, with 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) kgha-1 producing higher growth rate. Heaviest rhizomes fresh weight (kg plot-1) of 3.74 and 3.75, rhizome dry matter content of 14.49 and 16.8%, rhizome dry weight of 23.57 and 23.90g and harvest index of 2.60 and 2.70% was yielded by UMT 021 variety over other varieties. The level of 400 NPK (15:15:15) kg ha-1 produced heaviest rhizome fresh weight of 4.47 and 4.57 kg plot-1; rhizome dry matter content of 19.42 and 25.8%; rhizome dry weight of 27.54 and 27.8g and harvest index of 2.81 and 3.20%, over other levels. Consequently, variety 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) kgha-1 are recommended for sole production of turmeric in Umudike, South Eastern Nigeria.

scholarly journals Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn.) Seedlings Showed Impressive Recovery after Defoliation

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.D. Ugese ◽  
P.T. Ezechukwu ◽  
C. Ogbaje
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shea Butter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Characters ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Experiments to determine the effect of seed size, watering interval and defoliation on growth and dry matter attributes of seedlings of shea butter tree were conducted at Makurdi, Nigeria, from July 2010 to April, 2012. In the first experiment, treatments were made up of three seed size categories described as small (5-10g), medium (11-15g) and large (16-20g) and three watering intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days. In the second experiment, treatments comprised three watering intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days and three levels of defoliation – 0, 50 and 100%. In both experiments, factorial combinations of the treatments were laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Results of analysis of variance showed that in the first experiment seed size significantly influenced root length with the medium and large seeds producing seedlings with comparatively longer roots than the small seeds. The most frequently watered seedlings (3 and 6 days) produced more leaves than those watered less frequently (9 days). Seed size influenced dry weight of root and total (whole plant) dry weight with the medium and large seeds recording significantly higher values than the small seeds. Watering interval however did not significantly influence any of the other traits. Seed weight exerted significant influence on amount of dry matter partitioned to the stem and the root. More dry matter was partitioned to the stem by the small seeds. Conversely, medium and large seeds allocated more dry matter to the root than to the stem. In the second experiment, defoliation level only influenced total fresh weight, dry weight of root and total dry weight in favour of plants with half their leaves removed. None of the traits examined were significantly influenced by watering regime. Interaction between defoliation level and watering regime significantly influenced total fresh weight, dry weight of root and total dry weight. Generally seed size had more influence on seedling characters than watering interval. Seedlings also demonstrated remarkable ability to overcome effects of defoliation.

scholarly journals Effects of Seeding Density on Growth Attributes of Broadleaf Mustard in Nursery Bed

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Nisha Niraula ◽  
Anil Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Growth Attributes

The productivity of crops is highly affected by the seedling quality, which is governed by seeding density in the nursery. So, an experiment was conducted to explore the effect of seedling spacing in the growth attributes of Broad Leaf Mustard cv. “Marpha Chauda Paate” at IAAS, Lamjung Campus, during Oct 2018. Four spacing treatments viz 0.5 cm × 1 cm, 1 cm × 1 cm, 1.5 cm ×1.5 cm and 2 cm × 2 cm were arranged in RCB Design with 5 replications. Observation of seedling height, leaf area, leaf number, shoot & root fresh weights, shoot dry matter, and dry matter percentage from twenty-three days old seedlings were recorded.  The total leaf area was estimated using the Image-J package. Data were tabulated in MS Excel and analyzed by Gen Stat. Treatments differed significantly in seedling height, shoot and root fresh weight, leaf area, root length, and shoot dry weight, while the number of leaves and dry matter percentage did not differ statistically. Maximum shoot fresh weight (1.09 g), shoot dry weight (0.11 g), leaf area (48.24 cm2), root length (4.89 cm), root fresh weight (0.03 g) per plant and shoot dry matter percentage (9.24%) were found in widest spacing (2 cm × 2 cm). However, seedling height was recorded higher in closer spacing. Therefore, the study of the overall characteristics asserted that the seed spaced at 2 cm × 2 cm produced superior seedling over all other spacings. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 65-70

EFFET DE L’ENDURCISSEMENT A LA GELEE SUR LA TENEUR EN MATIERE SECHE, EN PHOSPHORE LIPIDIQUE ET EN PROTEINES SOLUBLES ET INSOLUBLES DU BLE D’HIVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. WILLEMOT ◽  
H. J. HOPE ◽  
L. PELLETIER ◽  
J. LANGLOIS ◽  
R. MICHAUD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Lipid Phosphorus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Frost Hardening ◽  
Protein Membrane ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Membrane Components

During frost hardening of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cvs. Kharkov 22 M.C., hardy, and Champlein, less hardy) fresh and dry weights, lipid phosphorus and soluble and insoluble proteins were determined. Percentage dry matter of the tissues doubled in both cultivars. When results are expressed per plant and per gram fresh weight, lipid phosphorus and soluble and insoluble proteins increased, while they decreased on a dry weight basis. There was therefore apparently no enrichment of the tissues in membranes in comparison with the other cell components but rather a general increase in dry weight. The observed changes occurred to the same extent in both cultivars and thus cannot explain varietal differences in frost hardiness. There was little correlation between the changes in lipids and protein. Lipid and protein membrane components appear therefore to have changed independently.

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