scholarly journals Laser pyrolysis in papers and patents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Spreafico ◽  
Davide Russo ◽  
Riccardo Degl’Innocenti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Laser Pyrolysis ◽  
Laser Technologies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Application Fields

AbstractThis paper presents a critical review of laser pyrolysis. Although this technology is almost 60 years old, in literature many researchers, both from academia and industry, are still developing and improving it. On the contrary industrial applications are struggling to take off, if not in very restricted areas, although the technology has undoubted advantages that justify future development. The aim of this work consists in analysing a representative pool of scientific papers (230) and patents (121), from the last 20 years, to have an overview about the evolution of the method and try to understand the efforts spent to improve this technology effectively in academia and in industry. This study is important to provide a complete review about the argument, still missing in the literature. The objective is to provide an overview sufficiently broad and representative in the sources and to capture all the main ways in which laser pyrolysis has been used and with what distribution. The main focuses of the study are the analyses of the functions carried out by laser technologies, the application fields, and the types of used laser (i.e. models, power and fluence). Among the main results, the study showed that the main use of laser pyrolysis is to produce nanoparticles and coatings, the main materials worked by laser pyrolysis are silicon and carbon dioxide and the main searched properties in the products of laser pyrolysis are catalysts activity and electrical conductivity. CO2 lasers are the most used and the have high versatility compared to others. In conclusion, the study showed that laser pyrolysis is a consolidated technology within its main application fields (nanoparticles and coatings) for several years. Within this context, the technology has been developed on very different sizes and processes, obtaining a very wide range of results. Finally, these results may also have stimulated new areas of experimentation that emerged mainly in recent years and which concern biomedical applications, additive manufacturing, and waste disposal. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Complex Electrical Conductivity of Biotite and Muscovite Micas at Elevated Temperatures: A Comparative Study

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3513
Author(s):  
Vassilios Saltas ◽  
Despoina Pentari ◽  
Filippos Vallianatos
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Small Polaron ◽  
Complex Impedance ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complex Electrical Conductivity

The unique physicochemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of micas make them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications, and thus, the interest for these kind of hydrous aluminosilicate minerals is still persistent, not only from a practical but also from a scientific point of view. In the present work, complex impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out in muscovite and biotite micas, perpendicular to their cleavage planes, over a broad range of frequencies (10−2 Hz to 106 Hz) and temperatures (473–1173 K) that have not been measured so far. Different formalisms of data representation were used, namely, Cole-Cole plots of complex impedance, complex electrical conductivity and electric modulus to analyze the electrical behavior of micas and the electrical signatures of the dehydration/dehydroxylation processes. Our results suggest that ac-conductivity is affected by the structural hydroxyls and the different concentrations of transition metals (Fe, Ti and Mg) in biotite and muscovite micas. The estimated activation energies, i.e., 0.33–0.83 eV for biotite and 0.69–1.92 eV for muscovite, were attributed to proton and small polaron conduction, due to the bound water and different oxidation states of Fe.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Thermal Analyses of Metal-PLA Components Fabricated by Metal Material Extrusion

Inventions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Mohammadizadeh ◽  
Hao Lu ◽  
Ismail Fidan ◽  
Khalid Tantawi ◽  
Ankit Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Aluminum Powders ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Metal Material ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metallic Parts

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has gained much attention in recent years due to its advantages including geometric freedom and design complexity, appropriate for a wide range of potential industrial applications. However, conventional metal AM methods have high-cost barriers due to the initial cost of the capital equipment, support, and maintenance, etc. This study presents a low-cost metal material extrusion technology as a prospective alternative to the production of metallic parts in additive manufacturing. The filaments used consist of copper, bronze, stainless steel, high carbon iron, and aluminum powders in a polylactic acid matrix. Using the proposed fabrication technology, test specimens were built by extruding metal/polymer composite filaments, which were then sintered in an open-air furnace to produce solid metallic parts. In this research, the mechanical and thermal properties of the built parts are examined using tensile tests, thermogravimetric, thermomechanical and microstructural analysis.

A SYSTEMATIC STUDY ON THE DIELECTRIC RELAXATION, ELECTRIC MODULUS AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF Al/Cu:TiO2∕n-Si (MOS) STRUCTURES/CAPACITORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1950217
Author(s):  
M. YILDIRIM ◽  
A. KOCYIGIT
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electric Modulus ◽  
Forward Bias ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dielectric Parameters ◽  
Mos Capacitors ◽  
Cu Doping ◽  
The Real ◽  
Complex Electric Modulus ◽  
Wide Range

The various levels (5%, 10% and 15%) of Cu-doped TiO2 thin films were grown on the [Formula: see text]-type silicon (Si) wafer by spin coating technique to obtain Al/(Cu:TiO[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-Si (MOS) capacitors. Both the real and imaginary components of complex dielectric ([Formula: see text], complex electric modulus ([Formula: see text], loss tangent (tan [Formula: see text] and alternating electrical conductivity ([Formula: see text] of the obtained Al/(Cu:TiO[Formula: see text]-Si (MOS) capacitors were studied by taking into account the effects of Cu-doping levels into TiO2 viaimpedance spectroscopy method (ISM) in the wide range voltage ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V) and frequency (10[Formula: see text]kHz–1[Formula: see text]MHz). All the obtained dielectric parameters were obtained as strongly dependent on frequency, voltage and Cu doping level. The observed anomalous peak in the forward bias region both in the real and imaginary components of [Formula: see text], tan [Formula: see text], complex electric modulus ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were attributed to the Cu:TiO2 interlay er, series resistance ([Formula: see text], surface states ([Formula: see text], interfacial/surface and dipole polarizations. The higher values of [Formula: see text] at low and intermediate frequencies implied that [Formula: see text] have enough time to follow external ac signal, and also dipoles respond to the applied field to reorient themselves. Consequently, the fabricated Al/(Cu:TiO[Formula: see text]-Si can be successfully used as MOS capacitor or MOS-field-effect transistor (MOSFET) in the industrial applications in near future.

Additive Manufacturing for Medical and Biomedical Applications: Advances and Challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 1286-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Koptioug ◽  
Lars Erik Rännar ◽  
Mikael Bäckström ◽  
Marie Cronskär
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing ◽  
Complex Shapes

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has solidly established itself not only in rapid prototyping but also in industrial manufacturing. Its success is mainly determined by a possibility of manufacturing components with extremely complex shapes with minimal material waste. Rapid development of AM technologies includes processes using unique new materials, which in some cases is very hard or impossible to process any other way. Along with traditional industrial applications AM methods are becoming quite successful in biomedical applications, in particular in implant and special tools manufacturing. Here the capacity of AM technologies in producing components with complex geometric shapes is often brought to extreme. Certain issues today are preventing the AM methods taking its deserved place in medical and biomedical applications. Present work reports on the advances in further developing of AM technology, as well as in related post-processing, necessary to address the challenges presented by biomedical applications. Particular examples used are from Electron Beam Melting (EBM), one of the methods from the AM family.

scholarly journals Nanomaterial-Based CO2 Sensors

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2251
Author(s):  
Marwan Y. Rezk ◽  
Jyotsna Sharma ◽  
Manas Ranjan Gartia
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Application Fields

The detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) is critical for environmental monitoring, chemical safety control, and many industrial applications. The manifold application fields as well as the huge range of CO2 concentration to be measured make CO2 sensing a challenging task. Thus, the ability to reliably and quantitatively detect carbon dioxide requires vastly improved materials and approaches that can work under different environmental conditions. Due to their unique favorable chemical, optical, physical, and electrical properties, nanomaterials are considered state-of-the-art sensing materials. This mini-review documents the advancement of nanomaterial-based CO2 sensors in the last two decades and discusses their strengths, weaknesses, and major applications. The use of nanomaterials for CO2 sensing offers several improvements in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, response time, and detection, demonstrating the advantage of using nanomaterials for developing high-performance CO2 sensors. Anticipated future trends in the area of nanomaterial-based CO2 sensors are also discussed in light of the existing limitations.

scholarly journals Biomedical Applications of Metal 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-338
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Velásquez-García ◽  
Yosef Kornbluth
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Biodegradable Scaffolds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metal 3D Printing

Additive manufacturing's attributes include print customization, low per-unit cost for small- to mid-batch production, seamless interfacing with mainstream medical 3D imaging techniques, and feasibility to create free-form objects in materials that are biocompatible and biodegradable. Consequently, additive manufacturing is apposite for a wide range of biomedical applications including custom biocompatible implants that mimic the mechanical response of bone, biodegradable scaffolds with engineered degradation rate, medical surgical tools, and biomedical instrumentation. This review surveys the materials, 3D printing methods and technologies, and biomedical applications of metal 3D printing, providing a historical perspective while focusing on the state of the art. It then identifies a number of exciting directions of future growth: ( a) the improvement of mainstream additive manufacturing methods and associated feedstock; ( b) the exploration of mature, less utilized metal 3D printing techniques; ( c) the optimization of additively manufactured load-bearing structures via artificial intelligence; and ( d) the creation of monolithic, multimaterial, finely featured, multifunctional implants.

Industrial Labour Force of Russia in 20-30s of XX Century in Russian Historiography

2020 ◽  
pp. 431-449
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Shekatunov ◽  
Konstantin G. Malykhin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Russian Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Potential Formation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Force Potential ◽  
Modern Russian

The article is devoted to the specifics of studying the industrial labour force of Russia in the 1920s - 1930s in Russian historiography. The various stages of study from the 1920s through the 1930s and up to the last years are concerned. The relevance of the study is due to several factors. These include contradictions in the assessments of Bolshevik modernization of the 1920s and 1930s; projected labour force shortages in modern Russia; as well as the existing labour force shortage in industry at the moment. This determines the relevance of studying the historical period, which was characterized by the most acute personnel problems in the country. The novelty of the study is due to the fact that in modern Russian historiography there is no holistic, integrated view of the problems of the labour force potential formation of Russian industry in the 1920s and 1930s. It is noted that there is no research aimed at analyzing the historiography of these problems. The main stages of the study of industrial labour force are highlighted. The analysis of scientific works correlated with each stage of the study of the topic is performed. The problems and methodology of each stage are considered. A review of a wide range of scientific papers both articles and thesis is presented.

Substituent Effects on the Thermal Decomposition of Phosphate Esters on Ferrous Surfaces

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Ewen ◽  
Carlos Ayestaran Latorre ◽  
Arash Khajeh ◽  
Joshua Moore ◽  
Joseph Remias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Phosphate Esters ◽  
Antiwear Additives ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Phosphate Ester ◽  
Wide Range

<p>Phosphate esters have a wide range of industrial applications, for example in tribology where they are used as vapour phase lubricants and antiwear additives. To rationally design phosphate esters with improved tribological performance, an atomic-level understanding of their film formation mechanisms is required. One important aspect is the thermal decomposition of phosphate esters on steel surfaces, since this initiates film formation. In this study, ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the thermal decomposition of phosphate esters with different substituents on several ferrous surfaces. On Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(001) and α-Fe(110), chemisorption interactions between the phosphate esters and the surfaces occur even at room temperature, and the number of molecule-surface bonds increases as the temperature is increased from 300 to 1000 K. Conversely, on hydroxylated, amorphous Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, most of the molecules are physisorbed, even at high temperature. Thermal decomposition rates were much higher on Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(001) and particularly α-Fe(110) compared to hydroxylated, amorphous Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. This suggests that water passivates ferrous surfaces and inhibits phosphate ester chemisorption, decomposition, and ultimately film formation. On Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(001), thermal decomposition proceeds mainly through C-O cleavage (to form surface alkyl and aryl groups) and C-H cleavage (to form surface hydroxyls). The onset temperature for C-O cleavage on Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(001) increases in the order: tertiary alkyl < secondary alkyl < primary linear alkyl ≈ primary branched alkyl < aryl. This order is in agreement with experimental observations for the thermal stability of antiwear additives with similar substituents. The results highlight surface and substituent effects on the thermal decomposition of phosphate esters which should be helpful for the design of new molecules with improved performance.</p>

PLATINUM

Alloy Digest ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Melting ◽  
High Melting Point ◽  
White Metal ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosion And Oxidation

Abstract PLATINUM is a soft, ductile, white metal which can be readily worked either hot or cold. It has a wide range of industrial applications because of its excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance and its high melting point. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Pt-1. Producer or source: Matthey Bishop Inc..

How Scientists Communicate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conference Presentations ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Broad Overview

What is scientific research? It is the process by which we learn about the world. For this research to have an impact, and positively contribute to society, it needs to be communicated to those who need to understand its outcomes and significance for them. Any piece of research is not complete until it has been recorded and passed on to those who need to know about it. So, good communication skills are a key attribute for researchers, and scientists today need to be able to communicate through a wide range of media, from formal scientific papers to presentations and social media, and to a range of audiences, from expert peers to stakeholders to the general public. In this book, the goals and nature of scientific communication are explored, from the history of scientific publication; through the stages of how papers are written, evaluated, and published; to what happens after publication, using examples from landmark historical papers. In addition, ethical issues relating to publication, and the damage caused by cases of fabrication and falsification, are explored. Other forms of scientific communication such as conference presentations are also considered, with a particular focus on presenting and writing for nonspecialist audiences, the media, and other stakeholders. Overall, this book provides a broad overview of the whole range of scientific communication and should be of interest to researchers and also those more broadly interested in the process how what scientists do every day translates into outcomes that contribute to society.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document