scholarly journals The Independence of Research—A Review of Disciplinary Perspectives and Outline of Interdisciplinary Prospects

Minerva ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Gläser ◽  
Mitchell Ash ◽  
Guido Buenstorf ◽  
David Hopf ◽  
Lara Hubenschmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Strategic Issue ◽  
The Subject

AbstractThe independence of research is a key strategic issue of modern societies. Dealing with it appropriately poses legal, economic, political, social and cultural problems for society, which have been studied by the corresponding disciplines and are increasingly the subject of reflexive discourses of scientific communities. Unfortunately, problems of independence are usually framed in disciplinary contexts without due consideration of other perspectives’ relevance or possible contributions. To overcome these limitations, we review disciplinary perspectives and findings on the independence of research and identify interdisciplinary prospects that could inform a research programme.

“Systems”, Strengths, Weaknesses and Challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Frank Stowell
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

Systems and Cybernetics no longer occupies the position, in academic circles, it once did. There are many reasons why this is the case but a common reason given is the lack of research funding for the subject. The knock-on effect is that the subject has fewer 'champions' and as a consequence is less prominent then it once was. There are many factors that mitigate against research funding for the domain but the cumulative effect is that there are few (if any) new ideas generated now which in turn is having an impact upon the number of academics attracted to it. In this paper the author revisits the action research programme at the University of Lancaster. This project contributed valuable insights into organisational inquiry and the nature of Systems thinking for over 30 years. In this paper the author revisits the programme to discover if there are lessons to be learnt that may be adopted to help provide a means of re-establishing the profile of the domain.

scholarly journals Who Practises Practice Theory (and How)? (Meta-)theorists, Scholar-practitioners, (Bourdieusian) Researchers, and Social Prestige in Academia

2020 ◽  
pp. 030582982093517
Author(s):  
Leonie Holthaus
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Practice Theory ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Social Prestige ◽  
Academic Practices ◽  
Théorie De La Pratique

Practice theory has become a popular and avowedly pluralistic research programme in European and Canadian international relations (IR). It promises the end of monolithic grand theorising and armchair analysis. Yet, taken together, practice theory’s pluralist character and methodological promises raise the question: who practises practice theory (and how)? I deal with this question through a discussion of three different, representative, and sociologically important books. On this basis, I depict three (ideal-)types of authorship. They include the (meta-)theorist, the scholar-practitioner, and the Bourdieusian researcher. I show that authors remake practice theory’s theoretical claims by relating practice to theory in different manners, such as deep theorising, reworking of experience in inductive theorising, and reflexive conceptualisation. I focus less on the enduring position of (meta-)theorists. I rather argue that the different academic practices indicate that the authors seek prestige within practice theory and neighboring scientific communities. For this purpose, I approach prestige as durable esteem due to occupational achievements. Finally, I ask how the new scientific demands of practice theory might impact young, less established academics. Type de manuscrit : Recension d’ouvrage Qui pratique la théorie de la pratique (et comment)? (Méta-)théoriciens, praticiens-chercheurs, chercheurs (bourdieusiens) et prestige social à l’Universit

Stereotyp płci w uczeniu się matematyki – percepcja nauczyciela

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3 (249)) ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Dorota Turska ◽  
Urszula Oszwa
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Beliefs About Mathematics ◽  
Teachers Beliefs ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Educational Implications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The importance of the stereotypes and teachers’ beliefs about mathematics as the male domain, for the students’ perception of their competences and achievements is the subject of extensive research. It is generally assumed that teachers – as guardians of socialisation – replicate this stereotype. An attempt to measure the stereotypical teachers’ assumptions has been offered only by J. Tiedemann (2002). It has become an inspiration to design the authors’ own research programme in which the relationship between increased stereotype beliefs and teachers’ asymmetry of female and male students’ abilities is sought. The paper presents the results of the study of the Polish version of the Gender Stereotypes Scale among 120 mathematics teachers (95 female, 25 male) from junior high schools. It has been shown that a) the stereotype is irrespective of the teacher’s gender, b) its profile is different in the sample of male and female respondents, c) the length of employment does not differentiate it. The educational implications of the obtained data have been presented in the paper.

scholarly journals TOWARDS AN INFRASTRUCTURE-BASED SOCIOLOGY OF DIGITAL SOVEREIGNTY PRACTICES: THE 'PILOT CASE' OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Musiani
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Multiple Challenges

"Digital sovereignty" is the idea that states should “reaffirm” their authority over the Internet and protect their citizens, institutions, and businesses from the multiple challenges to their nation’s self-determination in the digital sphere. According to this principle, sovereignty depends on more than supranational alliances or international legal instruments, military might or trade: it depends on locally-owned, controlled and operated innovation ecosystems, able to increase states’ technical and economic independence and autonomy. Presently, digital sovereignty is understood primarily as a legal concept and a set of political discourses. As a consequence, it is predominantly analysed by political science, international relations and international law. However, the study of digital sovereignty as a set of infrastructures and socio-material practices has been largely neglected. In this proposal, I argue that the concept of (digital) sovereignty should also be studied via the infrastructure-embedded “situated practices” of various political and economic projects which aim to establish autonomous digital infrastructures in a hyperconnected world. Although this contribution is also a call for a wider and comparative research programme, I will focus here on the “pilot case” of Russia, which is the subject of an ongoing research project. Ultimately, the analysis of infrastructure-embedded digital sovereignty practices in Russia shows how the Russian discourse on Internet sovereignty as a centralized and top-down apparatus paradoxically open up technical and legal opportunities for mundane resistances and the existence of “parallel” Runets, where particular instantiations of informational freedom are still possible.

Evidence, Inference and Enquiry

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Health History ◽  
University College London ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Evidence For Policy ◽  
Based Medicine

Evidence — its nature and interpretation — is the key to many topical debates and concerns such as global warming, evolution, the search for weapons of mass destruction, DNA profiling, and evidence-based medicine. In 2004, University College London launched a cross-disciplinary research programme ‘Evidence, Inference and Enquiry’ to explore the question: ‘Can there be an integrated multidisciplinary science of evidence?’ While this question was hotly contested and no clear final consensus emerged, much was learned on the journey. This book, based on the closing conference of the programme held at the British Academy in December 2007, illustrates the complexity of the subject, with seventeen chapters written from a diversity of perspectives including Archaeology, Computer Science, Economics, Education, Health, History, Law, Psychology, Philosophy, and Statistics. General issues covered include principles and systems for handling complex evidence, evidence for policy-making, and human evidence-processing, as well as the very possibility of systematising the study of evidence.

Towards the Reform of the System of Epistemological Goals and Values

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Porus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Political Subjectivity ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Historical Epistemology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
Principle Of Complementarity

Cultural and historical epistemology is not only a special branch of philosophical researches of science, but also the base of reform of a system of the epistemological categories expressing the purposes and values of scientific knowledge. Its need follows from the nature of development of modern science. Preservation of the traditional epistemological categories applied to the analysis of this development results in rough relativism. This danger can be eliminated, having developed the holistic system of epistemological values proceeding from the principle of historicism and “collective” understanding of the subject of scientific knowledge. Both of these bases allow to disclose historical and cultural conditionality of processes of scientific research and broadcast of their results. Such purposes and values of science as the truth and the objectivity of knowledge have historical measurement: they exist only in the course of continuous emergence and destruction, being affected by cultural factors. The collectivity of the subject of scientific knowledge is defined together with concepts of a “transcendental” and “individual and empirical” subject according to the principle of complementarity (N. Bohr) finding an epistemological transcription. The possibilities of political subjectivity of science in connection with the epistemological investigations from participation of scientific communities in political structures and movements are considered.

An Investigation On The Behaviour Of Timber-Concrete Composite T-Beams

1986 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Mat Lazim Zakaria ◽  
Chuah Chin Long ◽  
Yazid Jani
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Composite Construction ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
The Subject

This paper describes a preliminary investigarion as the first part of a research programme being conducted at UTM on the subject of timber-concrete composite structural members. The purpose of this preliminary test was to establish the effectiveness of various types of shear connectors. The types of shear connectors investigated were nails, iron pipes and steel studs. It was found that steel studs were the most rigid connectors and nails were the weakest.The test results indicmed that composite construction of timber-concrete has potential to be applied in Malaysia, especially for the construction of houses and rural bridges.

scholarly journals Neuropsychology of the unconscious: current state of the problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
Nikita A. Khokhlov ◽  
Elena D. Fyodorova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Research

Introduction. The sphere of the unconscious includes many phenomena that have a strong influence on human behaviour and cognitive activity. Although the importance of taking into account the unconscious is evident to most psychotherapists, its role is visibly underestimated in neuropsychology. In this regard, the present state of research on brain organization of unconscious processes is of interest. Objective. The review aims to describe the current state of research on brain mechanisms of the unconscious. Procedure. The present paper describes a variety of unconscious phenomena. It also outlines widespread points of view on the correlation between consciousness and unconscious and discusses the freewill problem. The question posed is whether the research programme of neuropsychology allows studying the unconscious phenomena. The study analyses the subject matter of neuropsychology and discusses the historical change of A.R. Luria’s views on psychology of the unconscious. The paper describes the studies of brain mechanisms underlying a variety of unconscious manifestations that have been conducted within different psychological schools. The aim is to consider the essential principles of neuropsychological research of the unconscious. Conclusion. In foreign neuroscience there are numerous studies in the field of brain mechanisms of unconscious processes. Up to now, the leading positions in the sphere are taken by neuropsychoanalysis and cognitive neuroscience. In Russian neuropsychology the unconscious is barely investigated because it does not comply with the traditional research object, that is, the higher mental functions. However, in the current conditions, the research programme of neuropsychology allows studying the unconscious. The paper highlights the advantages of investigating the unconscious phenomena from the neuropsychological standpoint considering its evolutionary purpose.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN KEPENDUDUKAN DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN PASCA BERAKHIRNYA MDGs

NATAPRAJA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beti Nur Hayati ◽  
Muhammad Arif fahrudin Alfana
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Central Bureau ◽  
Population Development ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
The Future ◽  
Strategic Issue ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Future Education

The purpose of this study was to describe the specifics of population policy in Sleman post-MDGs. The issues are limited to a few indicators of education, health and poverty reduction. This research is a survey with key data used comes from Bappeda publication, the Central Bureau of Statistics, BKBPMPP and Dukcapil Sleman. The results showed that the achievement indikators of education, health and poverty reduction showed improvement from year to year. In 2015, most of these indikators have succeeded in meeting the targets set by the MDGs. In the future, education, health and poverty reduction still remains a strategic issue in the population development in Sleman. Some policies crafted to ensure that the development of population becomes better. Some of these policies are contained in the main points of development to create quality education, the creation of a healthy life and to realize a prosperous society and without poverty.Keywords: population policy, the subject of development, Sleman Regency

scholarly journals The Response to COVID-19 by the Italian Populist Government: Is It Populism or Neo-Liberalism That Makes the Response to the Pandemic Inadequate?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Leila Simona Talani ◽  
Fabiana De Bellis
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Epistemic Communities ◽  
The Political ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
State Response ◽  
Political Determinants ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Responses ◽  
Human Losses ◽  
Do So

The COVID-19 crisis caused unprecedented disruption in terms of human losses, economic damages, social isolation, and general malaise. It seems that, although the advice of the scientific communities to adopt rigorous measures of track and tracing, mass testing, and lock down was often considered at odds with economic performance, eventually it was precisely that kind of advice that avoided the economic debacle. This article will try and find out the reasons why Italy was more efficient and effective in implementing the measures suggested by national and transnational scientific communities. The article will do so by answering the following questions: (1) What are the political determinants of the different state responses to the pandemic? (2) Why have epistemic communities’ receipts to exit the COVID-19 crisis been ignored in some countries to follow a misguided economic logic? (3) Has the state response to the crisis anything to do with the importance of neo-liberalism and neo-liberal forces in the organization of the economy or have populist countries been less efficient than others as suggested in the recent literature on the subject?

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