Advances and challenges in cancer treatment and nutraceutical prevention: the possible role of dietary phenols in BRCA regulation

AbstractOver the years, the attention towards the role of phytochemicals in dietary natural products in reducing the risk of developing cancer is rising. Cancer is the second primary cause of mortality worldwide. The current therapeutic options for cancer treatment are surgical excision, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Unfortunately, in case of metastases or chemoresistance, the treatment options become very limited. Despite the advances in medical and pharmaceutical sciences, the impact of available treatments on survival is not satisfactory. Recently, natural products are a great deal of interest as potential anti-cancer agents. Among them, phenolic compounds have gained a great deal of interest, thanks to their anti-cancer activity. The present review focuses on the suppression of cancer by targeting BRCA gene expression using dietary polyphenols, as well as the clinical aspects of polyphenolic agents in cancer therapy. They regulate specific key processes involved in cancer progression and modulate the expression of oncogenic proteins, like p27, p21, and p53, which may lead to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cell proliferation, and, consequently, cancer suppression. Thus, one of the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer activity of phenolics involves the regulation of tumor suppressor genes. Among them, the BRCA genes, with the two forms (BRCA-1 and BRCA-2), play a pivotal role in cancer protection and prevention. BRCA germline mutations are associated with an increased risk of developing several types of cancers, including ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers. BRCA genes also play a key role in the sensitivity and response of cancer cells to specific pharmacological treatments. As the importance of BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 in reducing cancer invasiveness, repairing DNA damages, oncosoppression, and cell cycle checkpoint, their regulation by natural molecules has been examined.

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Role of cell cycle events and apoptosis in mediating the anti-cancer activity of a silver(I) complex of 4-hydroxy-3-nitro-coumarin-bis(phenanthroline) in human malignant cancer cells

European Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.11.020 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 602 (2-3) ◽

pp. 203-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Bhumika Thati ◽

Andy Noble ◽

Bernadette S. Creaven ◽

Maureen Walsh ◽

Malachy McCann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Cancer Activity

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Emerging role of terpenoids for the treatment of cancer: A review

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557521666210112143024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Bhawna Chopra ◽

Ashwani Kumar Dhingra ◽

Kanaya Lal Dhar ◽

Kunal Nepali

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Literature Survey ◽

Structure Activity ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Systematic Structure ◽

Pharmacological Potential ◽

Systematic Identification ◽

Cancer Activity

Aim: Terpenes are natural compounds found in several organisms belonging to the animal and plant kingdom, therefore, constitute the largest class of natural products and were a rich reservoir of candidate compounds for drug discovery. The review aims to focus on that the extensive is still needed to explore the anti-cancer components from natural products may led to the development of variety of derived terpenoidal moieties. Method: Literature survey has been carried out to determine the overwelhming potential of terpenoids. Results: The present article provides an overview of development of isoprene unit and the generation of the various types of terpenes which exhibits pharmacological potential. The anti-cancer activity of terpenoids appears promising and will potentially open more opportunities for cancer therapy. However, current studies are restricted to descriptive findings and some of them lack mechanistic insights and systematic structure--activity relationship studies. Future efforts into the systematic identification of the targets of terpenoids are believed to increase chances of gaining breakthrough insights in the field. Conclusion: There is still hope that new therapeutic options for the control of cancer and any other painful syndromes will be developed from terpenes, which were proved to be great candidates for cancer therapeutics.

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P9 A study to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric cancer patients: an international, multicentre, observational cohort study (COVIDPaedsCancer)

BJS Open ◽

10.1093/bjsopen/zrab032.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

◽

Soham Bandyopadhyay

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Childhood Cancer ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Global Health Research ◽

Cancer Outcomes ◽

Paediatric Cancer ◽

Cancer Management ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Childhood cancers are a leading cause of non-communicable disease deaths for paediatric patients around the world. The COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted on global children’s cancer services, which can have consequences for childhood cancer outcomes. The Global Health Research Group on Children’s Non-Communicable Diseases (Global Children’s NCDs) is currently undertaking the first international study to determine the variation in paediatric cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the short to medium term impacts on childhood cancer outcomes. Methods and analysis This is a multicentre, international, cohort study that will use routinely collected hospital data in a de-identified and anonymised form. Patients will be recruited consecutively into the study, with a 12 -month follow-up period. Patients will be included if they are below the age of 18 years and undergoing anti-cancer treatment for the following cancers: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Burkitt’s Lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Wilms Tumour, Sarcoma, Retinoblastoma, Gliomas, Medulloblastomas and Neuroblastomas. Patients must be newly presented or be undergoing active anti-cancer treatment from the 12th March 2020 to the 12th December 2020. The primary objective of the study is to determine 30- and 90-day all-cause mortality rates. This study will examine the factors that influenced these outcomes. Chi-squared analysis will be used to compare mortality between low and middle-income countries and high-income countries. Multilevel, multivariate logistic regression analysis will be undertaken to identify patient-level and hospital-level factors affecting outcomes with adjustment for confounding factors. Ethics and dissemination At the host centre, this study was deemed to be exempt from ethical committee approval due to the use of anonymised registry data. At other centres, participating collaborators have gained local approvals in accordance with their institutional ethical regulations. Collaborators will be encouraged to present the results locally, nationally, and internationally. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer reviewed journal.

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Innovatory role of nanomaterials as bio-tools for treatment of cancer

Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry ◽

10.1515/revic-2020-0015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Khuram Shahzad Ahmad ◽

Muntaha Talat ◽

Shaan Bibi Jaffri ◽

Neelofer Shaheen

Keyword(s):

Cancer Treatment ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Global Scale ◽

Current Review ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Different Types ◽

Cancerous Cells

AbstractConventional treatment modes like chemotherapy, thermal and radiations aimed at cancerous cells eradication are marked by destruction pointing the employment of nanomaterials as sustainable and auspicious materials for saving human lives. Cancer has been deemed as the second leading cause of death on a global scale. Nanomaterials employment in cancer treatment is based on the utilization of their inherent physicochemical characteristics in addition to their modification for using as nano-carriers and nano-vehicles eluted with anti-cancer drugs. Current work has reviewed the significant role of different types of nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics in a systematic way. Compilation of review has been done by analyzing voluminous investigations employing ERIC, MEDLINE, NHS Evidence and Web of Science databases. Search engines used were Google scholar, Jstore and PubMed. Current review is suggestive of the remarkable performance of nanomaterials making them candidates for cancer treatment for substitution of destructive treatment modes through investigation of their physicochemical characteristics, utilization outputs and long term impacts in patients.

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Celecoxib Analogues for Cancer Treatment: An Update on OSU-03012 and 2,5-Dimethyl-Celecoxib

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11071049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1049

Author(s):

Cyril Sobolewski ◽

Noémie Legrand

Keyword(s):

Cancer Treatment ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Catalytic Site ◽

Antitumor Effects ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Cox 2 Inhibitors ◽

The Impact ◽

Important Enzyme ◽

Specific Inhibitors

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an important enzyme involved in prostaglandins biosynthesis from arachidonic acid. COX-2 is frequently overexpressed in human cancers and plays a major tumor promoting function. Accordingly, many efforts have been devoted to efficiently target the catalytic site of this enzyme in cancer cells, by using COX-2 specific inhibitors such as celecoxib. However, despite their potent anti-tumor properties, the myriad of detrimental effects associated to the chronic inhibition of COX-2 in healthy tissues, has considerably limited their use in clinic. In addition, increasing evidence indicate that these anti-cancerous properties are not strictly dependent on the inhibition of the catalytic site. These findings have led to the development of non-active COX-2 inhibitors analogues aiming at preserving the antitumor effects of COX-2 inhibitors without their side effects. Among them, two celecoxib derivatives, 2,5-Dimethyl-Celecoxib and OSU-03012, have been developed and suggested for the treatment of viral (e.g., recently SARS-CoV-2), inflammatory, metabolic diseases and cancers. These molecules display stronger anti-tumor properties than celecoxib and thus may represent promising anti-cancer molecules. In this review, we discuss the impact of these two analogues on cancerous processes but also their potential for cancer treatment alone or in combination with existing approaches.

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The Multifaceted Role of Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy: Leveraging Autophagy with a Double-Edged Sword

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10071138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1138

Author(s):

Zhe Zhang ◽

Jiayan Shi ◽

Edouard C. Nice ◽

Canhua Huang ◽

Zheng Shi

Keyword(s):

Cancer Therapy ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Autophagy Flux ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

New Perspective ◽

New Research ◽

Cancer Activity

Flavonoids are considered as pleiotropic, safe, and readily obtainable molecules. A large number of recent studies have proposed that flavonoids have potential in the treatment of tumors by the modulation of autophagy. In many cases, flavonoids suppress cancer by stimulating excessive autophagy or impairing autophagy flux especially in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. However, the anti-cancer activity of flavonoids may be attenuated due to the simultaneous induction of protective autophagy. Notably, flavonoids-triggered protective autophagy is becoming a trend for preventing cancer in the clinical setting or for protecting patients from conventional therapeutic side effects in normal tissues. In this review, focusing on the underlying autophagic mechanisms of flavonoids, we hope to provide a new perspective for clinical application of flavonoids in cancer therapy. In addition, we highlight new research ideas for the development of new dosage forms of flavonoids to improve their various pharmacological effects, establishing flavonoids as ideal candidates for cancer prevention and therapy in the clinic.

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Bcl-2 Inhibition to Overcome Resistance to Chemo- and Immunotherapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19123950 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 3950 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Marilina García-Aranda ◽

Elisabet Pérez-Ruiz ◽

Maximino Redondo

Keyword(s):

Cancer Treatment ◽

World Health ◽

Apoptosis Resistance ◽

Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽

Cancer Treatments ◽

Over Expression ◽

Promising Strategy ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Health Organization

Abstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The identification of novel targets for cancer treatment is an area of intense work that has led Bcl-2 over-expression to be proposed as one of the hallmarks of cancer and Bcl-2 inhibition as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we describe the different pathways related to programmed cell death, the role of Bcl-2 family members in apoptosis resistance to anti-cancer treatments, and the potential utility of Bcl-2 inhibitors to overcome resistance to chemo- and immunotherapy.

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The impact of COVID 19 pandemic on pattern of cancer mortality in Najran, Saudi Arabia: a single-cancer center experience

10.21203/rs.3.rs-305960/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed M Badheeb ◽

Mohamed A Badheeb ◽

Hamdi A Alhakimi

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: The aim of this paper is to compare the patterns and determinants of cancer mortality in Najran region before and after the COVID-19 epidemics. The association between cancer mortality and each of age, sex, site of cancer, stage, and the 30-days survival rate after the last dose of chemotherapy were assessed.Materials & Methods: Adult cancer patients who died of cancer in King Khalid Hospital in Najran Saudi Arabia, were included in this retrospective observational study. We compared mortality patterns in a period of 6 months in 2020 (March to August) with the corresponding period of 2019.Results: 50 dead adult cancer patients were included, 24 in 2019 and 26 in 2020. Among them, 21% vs 42% were younger than 65 years of age; 61% vs 62% were males, for the years 2019 & 2020 respectively. The top three killers in 2019 were colorectal, gastro-esophageal cancers, and hepatocellular carcinoma, while in 2020 were colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, and lymphomas. About 16.7% of patients died within 30 days of receiving anti-cancer treatment in 2019 in comparison with 7.7% in 2020. The difference in the 30-days mortality after receiving anti-cancer treatment was not statistically significant between 2019 and 2020 (p = 0.329).Conclusion: The Year 2020, the time of the COVID-19pandemic, was not associated with a significant increase in short-term mortality among patients with malignancy in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Our results generally reflect the crucial role of strict preventive national measures in saving lives and warrants further exploration.

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Synthesis, characterization and anti-cancer applications of ytterbium doped gadolinium molybdate nanophosphor compound

Materials Express ◽

10.1166/mex.2019.1572 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 882-894

Author(s):

Jahnavi Rama Madhuri Kamaraju ◽

Raghavendra Rao Kanchi ◽

Rajesh Kumar Borra ◽

Padma Suvarna Reniguntla ◽

Satyanarayana Rentala

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

Mri Contrast Agents ◽

Gadolinium Complexes ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Gadolinium Molybdate

Nanophosphor compounds with both diagnostic and therapeutic functions are potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Lanthanide complexes play a crucial role in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Gadolinium-complexes are commonly used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for cancer imaging. The role of a lanthanide, Ytterbium (Yb) in cancer treatment is not unknown. The present work focuses on finding the role of Yb when doped into Gadolinium complexes in cancer treatment. Our results demonstrate that Yb doped Gadolinium molybdate coated with biocompatible silica, effectively inhibited the viability of breast cancer cells after 24 and 48 h of treatment in in vitro, and in contrast the nanophosphor compounds did not affect the viability of healthy cells. Yb doped Gadolinium molybdate also up-regulated apoptotic genes in breast cancer cells. Hence we propose that Yb doped Gadolinium molybdate is a promising theranostic compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing anti-cancer nature of Ytterbium-doped into Gadolinium nanophosphors.

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