scholarly journals Dynamics of HDI Index: Temporal Dependence Based on D-vine Copulas Model for Three-Way Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Nai Ruscone ◽  
Daniel Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Temporal Dependence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dependence Relationship ◽  
Vine Copulas ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe HDI (Human Development Index) is a widely used index based on the average of measures of health, education, and income. It assesses the progress of countries worldwide. The publicly available data set associated with the HDI can be seen as a table with 3 dimensions (three-way table): countries, indexes regarding progress, and years (from 2010 to 2018). Thus, modeling the serial dependence structure of this type of intricate three-way tables is a challenge. D-vine copulas are a special class of multivariate copulas that are particularly suited for modeling serial dependence. This work aims to assess the evolution of the dependence relationship between the indexes of the HDI data set over time through D-vine copulas, which has not been fully used before in the area, as far as we are concerned. We tested our approach to European and African countries and compare their results.

Fighting Income Inequality in Nigeria and Social Exclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-181
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Sub Saharan

The chapter examines the income inequality and social exclusion in Nigeria. The gap between the haves and have-nots has become an issue of concern in Nigeria. This chapter, therefore, seeks to examine a methodical approach for measuring inequality in Nigeria; Nigeria's ranking in human development index (between 1990 and 2017); trends in inequality, poverty, unemployment, and life expectancy from 1980 to 2017; and the income inequality in Nigeria relative to other Sub-Saharan African countries along with sex disaggregated HDI relative to other Sub-Saharan African countries and the implications to social policy reforms.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emission Inefficiency Spillover Effects in European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4479
Author(s):  
Levent Kutlu ◽  
Ran Wang
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Emission Efficiency ◽  
Over Time

In our study, we examine whether spatial spillover effects exist for greenhouse gas emission efficiency for 38 European countries between 2005 and 2014. We find that inefficiencies of other countries would lead to lower efficiency levels for a country. This negative inefficiency spillover effect goes down till 2008 then goes up till 2011, then stays relatively stable after 2011. Any strategy to reduce inefficiencies of other countries could potentially improve the efficiency levels. We find that human development index shows significant positive impact on greenhouse gas emission efficiency levels. In particular, one standard deviation increase in human development index would lead to a 11.12 percentage points increase in the greenhouse gas emission efficiencies on average. Different countries show different efficiency levels and efficiency growth patterns over time. However, the pattern of spatial spillover is quite similar among all countries over time.

scholarly journals Economic Complexity and Human Development: DEA performance measurement in Asia and Latin America

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Ferraz ◽  
Herick Fernando Moralles ◽  
Jessica Suárez Campoli ◽  
Fabíola Cristina Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Daisy Aparecida do Nascimento Rebelatto
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
Window Analysis ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Economic growth is not the only factor to explain human development. Therefore, many authors have prioritized studies to measure the Human Development Index. However, these indexes do not analyze how Economic Complexity can increase Human Development. This paper aimed to determine how efficiently nations from Latin America and Asia measure a country’s performance in converting Economic Complexity into Human Development, between 2010 and 2014. We used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), through the Variable Returns of Scale (VRS) Model and Window Analysis. Results showed that in 2014, all Asian countries, except China and the Philippines, were efficient; on the other hand Cuba was the benchmark for inefficient countries. Window Analysis showed Japan, South Korea and Singapore were efficient over time. This result confirms the initial hypothesis of this article: the more complex countries are the more efficiently they create Human Development.

scholarly journals Multivariate INAR(1) Regression Models Based on the Sarmanov Distribution

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Lluís Bermúdez ◽  
Dimitris Karlis
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Serial Correlation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Automobile Insurance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
New Models ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Over Time

A multivariate INAR(1) regression model based on the Sarmanov distribution is proposed for modelling claim counts from an automobile insurance contract with different types of coverage. The correlation between claims from different coverage types is considered jointly with the serial correlation between the observations of the same policyholder observed over time. Several models based on the multivariate Sarmanov distribution are analyzed. The new models offer some advantages since they have all the advantages of the MINAR(1) regression model but allow for a more flexible dependence structure by using the Sarmanov distribution. Driven by a real panel data set, these models are considered and fitted to the data to discuss their goodness of fit and computational efficiency.

TOPSIS vs. VIKOR

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-250
Author(s):  
Semra Erpolat Taşabat ◽  
Tuğba Kıral Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Vikor Method ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Multidisciplinary Nature ◽  
Development Levels

Evaluating multiple criteria and selecting and/or ranking alternatives is called Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). These methods which are considered important decision-making tools for decision makers due to their multidisciplinary nature have been developed over the years. As a result, there are many MCDM methods in the literature. In this chapter, TOPSIS and VIKOR, widely used in the literature, will be discussed. The major reason for examining these two methods is that the aggregating function used by both methods is similar because VIKOR method uses linear normalization and TOPSIS method uses vector normalization. The process of the methods is shown on a data set that includes the Human Development Index (HDI) indicators, which have been developed to measure the development levels of countries as well as the unemployment indicator. It was observed that the methods yielded similar results.

The human development index predicts female entrepreneurship rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendranathan Maniyalath ◽  
Roshni Narendran
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
National Income ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Index ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gem Data

Purpose – Past research has identified a negative association between national income and female entrepreneurship rates. Data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2012 are analyzed to determine whether the Human Development Index (HDI) predicts female entrepreneurship rates. The purpose of this paper is to indicate how other socioeconomic variables that measure human development interact with national income to predict female entrepreneurship rates. Design/methodology/approach – Data were drawn from the 2012 GEM data set, which provides information on female entrepreneurship rates in 61 countries. To test relevant hypotheses, dependent and socio-demographic variables were sourced from international databases to perform quantitative cross-country regression analyses. Findings – National income significantly predicted female entrepreneurship rates in the univariate analysis. However, this relationship became non-significant when development indices were added to the model. In contrast, the HDI, the Gender Inequality Index, and national religious composition were robust, significant predictors. Practical implications – This study presents evidence that human and gender development indices, and national religious composition, are better predictors of female entrepreneurship rates than national income. Thus, studies on female entrepreneurship rates should account and adjust for human development and gender equality indices. As religiosity continues to be pervasive within multiple nations, policymakers should consider this when developing interventions geared toward promoting female entrepreneurship. Originality/value – This paper identifies factors other than economic determinism to explain variance in female entrepreneurship rates and demonstrates that human development and gender inequality indices are better predictors of female entrepreneurship rates.

scholarly journals Provincial Comparison of Development Status in Nepal: An Analysis of Human Development Trend for 1996 to 2026

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjib Dhungel
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
National Average ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Base Data ◽  
Over Time

The present study examines the status of Human Development Index (HDI) for 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011 for seven provinces of Nepal and projected for 2016, 2021, 2026. Base data are obtained from Nepal Human Development Reports (HDR)1998, 2004, 2009 and 2014. The HDI value for the Province 1, 3, 4 and 5 are relatively higher than national average and that for Province 6 is least followed by Province 2 and Province 7. The largest HDI value for 1996 is 0.499 for Province 1, in 2001 is 0.508 for Province 4, in2006 is 0.558 for Province 3 and in 2011is 0.560 for Province. The estimated value for 2016 is 0.578 for Province 1, 0.60 in 2021. Province 1 will continue to lead with 0.622 in 2026. Meanwhile Province 5 will join the club in 2021. Similarly, the lowest HDI value for 1996 is 0.364 for Province 6 and it is lowest for Province 7, in 2001 with value of 0.364. HDI is 0.44 for Province 6, in 2006, and same province is at the lowest rank with value of 0.463 in 2011. Estimated lowest HDI value for 2016 is 0.486 for Province 6, and it will be 0.509 in 2021, and it will be 0.531 in 2026 for this Province. There is smooth growth on HDI over time i.e. impact of investment for development have positive result in Province 3, Province 4 and Province 6, followed by Province 1 and Province 7. Inconsistent growth is observed in Province 5 and Province 2.

scholarly journals Discrete-Time Risk Models Based on Time Series for Count Random Variables

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Cossette ◽  
Etienne Marceau ◽  
Véronique Maume-Deschamps
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Regime Switching ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Bernoulli Process ◽  
Temporal Dependence ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Numerical Examples

AbstractIn this paper, we consider various specifications of the general discrete-time risk model in which a serial dependence structure is introduced between the claim numbers for each period. We consider risk models based on compound distributions assuming several examples of discrete variate time series as specific temporal dependence structures: Poisson MA(1) process, Poisson AR(1) process, Markov Bernoulli process and Markov regime-switching process. In these models, we derive expressions for a function that allow us to find the Lundberg coefficient. Specific cases for which an explicit expression can be found for the Lundberg coefficient are also presented. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate different topics discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals Effect of Human Development Index and other socioeconomic factors on mortality-to-incidence ratio of lips and oral cavity cancer in Mexican states: an ecological study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e042376
Author(s):  
Edith Lara-Carrillo ◽  
Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna ◽  
Gabriel Conzuelo-Rodríguez ◽  
Regiane Cristina do Amaral ◽  
Raúl Alberto Aguilera-Eguía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Oral Cavity Cancer ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Development Index

ObjectivesTo assess the association between the Human Development Index (HDI) and covariates on the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of lips and oral cavity cancer (LOCC) in Mexico.DesignEcological study.SettingData from 32 Mexican states for year 2019.ParticipantsData set of male and female populations from Mexico.ExposuresSocioeconomic conditions based on HDI and covariates related to healthcare system capacity (total health spending per capita, school dropout and ratio of medical personnel in direct contact with patients).Primary and secondary outcome measuresMIR of LOCC by state and sex was calculated from the Global Burden of Disease Study website for year 2019. Data for calculating HDI 2019 by state and covariates were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. A multiple regression model was constructed to measure the effects of HDI and covariates on LOCC-MIR.ResultsAmong the states with the highest HDI (>0.780), Colima had the highest aged-standardised rates per 100.000 in men for incidence (5.026) and mortality (3.118). The greatest burden of the disease was found on men, with the highest Men:Women MIR in Colima (3.10) and Baja California Sur (2.73). The highest MIR (>0.65) was found among the states with the lowest HDI (Oaxaca and Chiapas). For each unit of increase of the HDI there was a decrease in the LOCC- MIR of −0.778, controlling for the covariates. The most suitable regression model explained the 57% (F (p): 0.000) of the variance.ConclusionsMen were most affected by LOCC in Mexican states. The highest MIRs of LOCC were found in the states with the highest HDI. But a worse prognosis of the disease, expressed as a higher MIR, is expected in contexts with lower HDI in the country, even with lower MIRs.

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