scholarly journals Countering Educational Disparities Among Black Boys and Black Adolescent Boys from Pre-K to High School: A Life Course-Intersectional Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisha M. Wint ◽  
Ijeoma Opara ◽  
Rahjaun Gordon ◽  
Derrick R. Brooms
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Black Boys ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Educational Disparities ◽  
Black Adolescent

scholarly journals The "Black box" Identity Development and the Crisis of Connection among Black Adolescent Boys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
leoandra onnie rogers
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Black Male ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Black Boys ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Black Adolescent

The Black box in American culture is imposed upon Black boys and girls regarding what they can and cannot do, and who they should and should not be. In the case of Black boys, they can be athletes and thugs, but they cannot be scholars and scientists or engaged fathers and partners. They should be tough, independent, and aggressive, but they should not be vulnerable, relational, and sensitive. The Black box, in other words, constrains the humanity of Black people; it splits Blackness from goodness, and embeds homophobia into the Black male identity. These impositions are not simply about race, as Marcus reveals, but also about gender, sexuality, and social class. When Black boys and young men accommodate to society’s box of intersectional stereotypes, they disconnect from what they know about themselves—that they are thinking and feeling human beings—and disconnect from others within and outside of their communities as well. Over the next few pages, I first describe identity development and then reveal the pathways through which Black boys construct their identities, and conclude with ways to foster resistance to help Black boys stay connected to themselves as well as to others.

scholarly journals Leading cancers contributing to educational disparities in cancer mortality in the US, 2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana R. Withrow ◽  
Neal D. Freedman ◽  
James T. Gibson ◽  
Mandi Yu ◽  
Anna M. Nápoles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
High School ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Educational Disparities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Death Certificate Data ◽  
The Us

Abstract Purpose To inform prevention efforts, we sought to determine which cancer types contribute the most to cancer mortality disparities by individual-level education using national death certificate data for 2017. Methods Information on all US deaths occurring in 2017 among 25–84-year-olds was ascertained from national death certificate data, which include cause of death and educational attainment. Education was classified as high school or less (≤ 12 years), some college or diploma (13–15 years), and Bachelor's degree or higher (≥ 16 years). Cancer mortality rate differences (RD) were calculated by subtracting age-adjusted mortality rates (AMR) among those with ≥ 16 years of education from AMR among those with ≤ 12 years. Results The cancer mortality rate difference between those with a Bachelor's degree or more vs. high school or less education was 72 deaths per 100,000 person-years. Lung cancer deaths account for over half (53%) of the RD for cancer mortality by education in the US. Conclusion Efforts to reduce smoking, particularly among persons with less education, would contribute substantially to reducing educational disparities in lung cancer and overall cancer mortality.

scholarly journals Emerging Adulthood: An Intersectional Examination of the Changing Life Course

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-33
Author(s):  
Shauna A. Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Life Course ◽  
School Students ◽  
Identity Exploration ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Adult World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Life Course

This article draws on qualitative data of U.S. high school students considering their place in the adult world; the purpose is to investigate Jeffrey Arnett’s (2000) concept of “emerging adulthood” as a new stage of life course. Drawing on interviews and observational data collected around the time when Arnett’s notion of emerging adulthood started to take hold, I use intersectional interpretive lens in order to highlight how race and gender construct emerging adulthood as high school students move out of adolescence. I consider Arnett’s thesis twofold. First, when emerging adulthood is examined intersectionally, young people reveal that – rather than being distinct periods that can simply be prolonged, delayed, or even reached – life stages are fluid and constantly in flux. Second, since efforts to mitigate against uncertain futures characterizes the Millennial generation, I argue that the process of guarding against uncertainty reorders, questions or reconfigures the characteristics and stages that conventionally serve as markers of life course. I conclude that the identity exploration, indecision, and insecurity associated with emerging adulthood can also be understood as related to how the youth reveal and reshape the life course intersectionally.

scholarly journals Racial Composition Over the Lifecourse: Examining Separate and Unequal Environments and the Risk for Heart Disease for African American Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keon L. Gilbert, DrPH ◽  
Keith Elder, PhD ◽  
Sarah Lyons, MS ◽  
Kimberly A. Kaphingst, ScD ◽  
Melvin Blanchard, MD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
African American ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Primary Care Clinic ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
The Life Course

<strong>Purpose: </strong>Studies have demonstrated the effects of segregated social and physi­cal environments on the development of chronic diseases for African Americans. Studies have not delineated the effects of segregated environments specifically on the health of African American men over their lifetime. This study examines the relation­ship between life course measures of racial composition of social environments and diagnosis of hypertension among African American men.<p><strong>Design: </strong>We analyzed cross-sectional data from a convenience sample of African American men seeking health care services in an outpatient primary care clinic serving a medically underserved patient population (<em>N</em>=118). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between racial composition of multiple environments across the life course (eg, junior high school, high school, neighbor­hood growing up, current neighborhood, place of employment, place of worship) and hypertension diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority (86%) of participants were not currently in the workforce (retired, unemployed, or disabled) and more than half (54%) reported an annual household income of &lt;$9,999; median age was 53. Results suggest that African American men who grew up in mostly Black neighbor­hoods (OR=4.3; <em>P</em>=.008), and worked in mostly Black environments (OR=3.1; <em>P</em>=.041) were more likely to be diagnosed with hypertension than those who did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found associations between mostly Black residential and work­place settings and hypertension diagnoses among African American men. Findings sug­gest exposure to segregated environments during childhood and later adulthood may impact hypertension risk among African American men over the life course. <em>Ethn Dis</em>. 2015;25(3):295-304.</p>

Prevalence of stress and stress tolerance levels among adolescent boys – a district level cross sectional study in South India

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kallol Roy ◽  
Veena G. Kamath ◽  
Asha Kamath ◽  
Johnson Alex ◽  
Asha Hegde
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Levels

Abstract Background: Adolescence is a tumultuous period of hormonal and psychological transitions ranging from 10 to 19 years (WHO). This growth phase is usually accompanied by stressors. Very few studies have reported the prevalence of stress levels among adolescent boys. Our aim was to assess the prevalence and determinants of stress and its tolerance levels among high school boys. Methods: A cross sectional study design was selected for this purpose. A standardized self reported questionnaire was administered to 1153 high school boys. A score of 130 and more was used to classify the participants as stressed. Results: The prevalence of stress and its tolerance levels was found to be 55% and 33.7%, respectively. Also correlations suggest that parental education and occupational status play a significant role in adolescent stress. Together, these findings suggest necessitating an intervention to counter the same. Conclusion: The proportion of stressed adolescent boys (55.5%) reported to have poor stress tolerance (41%). Studies addressing stress among high school adolescents remain unexplored. The basic determinants of stress are not researched upon these age groups. Our study reports the prevalence of stress to be 55% among high school boys. This could be the fundamental basis of designing suitable stress management programs for adolescents that could reduce their stress levels.

scholarly journals CONTINUITY OF CAREER OVER THE LIFE COURSE ON LIFE SATISFACTION AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN LATER LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S128-S129
Author(s):  
Melanie S Hill ◽  
James E Hill ◽  
Stephanie Richardson ◽  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Jeremy B Yorgason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Identity scholars have suggested that having a unified sense of past, present, and future is related to positive well-being outcomes (Whitbourne, Sneed & Skultety, 2009). One’s occupation can have a profound influence on an individual’s identity throughout the life course (Nazar & van der Heijden, 2012). Research has looked at career mobility among younger age groups (Baiyun, Ramkissoon, Greenwood, & Hoyte, 2018); however, less is known about the impact of career stability later in life. Consistency in career choice over the life course may have positive outcomes down the line as career becomes part of an individual's identity. The current study uses the Life and Family Legacies dataset, a longitudinal state-representative sample of 3,348, to examine individual’s careers at three points in the life course: high school (projected career choice), early adulthood, and later life. Results revealed that a match of desired career in high school and actual career in early adulthood was not predictive of life satisfaction or depressive symptoms in later life. However, a match of career in early adulthood and later life was significantly related to better life satisfaction and less depressive symptoms, which was explained through higher levels of job satisfaction. This study highlights the importance of acquiring and maintaining a career that is fulfilling to the individual over the course of early adulthood to later life.

Cultural Mistrust and Racial Awareness among Ethnically Diverse Black Adolescent Boys

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Biafora ◽  
Dorothy L. Taylor ◽  
George J. Warheit ◽  
Rick S. Zimmerman ◽  
William A. Vega
Keyword(s):  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Cultural Mistrust ◽  
Racial Awareness ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Black Adolescent
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