scholarly journals Performance analysis of multi user massive MIMO hybrid beamforming systems at millimeter wave frequency bands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravilla Dilli
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Data Streams ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Hybrid Beamforming ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies

AbstractMillimeter-wave (mmWave) and massive multi-input–multi-output (mMIMO) communications are the most key enabling technologies for next generation wireless networks to have large available spectrum and throughput. mMIMO is a promising technique for increasing the spectral efficiency of wireless networks, by deploying large antenna arrays at the base station (BS) and perform coherent transceiver processing. Implementation of mMIMO systems at mmWave frequencies resolve the issue of high path-loss by providing higher antenna gains. The motivation for this research work is that mmWave and mMIMO operations will be much more popular in 5G NR, considering the wide deployment of mMIMO in major frequency bands as per 3rd generation partnership project. In this paper, a downlink multi-user mMIMO (MU-mMIMO) hybrid beamforming communication system is designed with multiple independent data streams per user and accurate channel state information. It emphasizes the hybrid precoding at transmitter and combining at receiver of a mmWave MU-mMIMO hybrid beamforming system. Results of this research work give the tradeoff between multiple data streams per user and required number of BS antennas. It strongly recommends for higher number of parallel data streams per user in a mmWave MU-mMIMO systems to achieve higher order throughputs.

scholarly journals Path Loss Model for Outdoor Parking Environments at 28 GHz and 38 GHz for 5G Wireless Networks

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Samman ◽  
Tharek Rahman ◽  
MHD Hindia ◽  
Abdusalama Daho ◽  
Effariza Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Wireless Network ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Path Loss Model ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Loss Models ◽  
5G Systems

It has been widely speculated that the performance of the next generation Internet of Things (IoT) based wireless network should meet a transmission speed on the order of 1000 times more than current wireless networks; energy consumption on the order of 10 times less and access delay of less than 1 ns that will be provided by future 5G systems. To increase the current mobile broadband capacity in future 5G systems, the millimeter wave (mmWave) band will be used with huge amounts of bandwidth available in this band. Hence, to support this wider bandwith at the mmWave band, new radio access technology (RAT) should be provided for 5G systems. The new RAT with symmetry design for downlink and uplink should support different scenarios such as device to device (D2D) and multi-hop communications. This paper presents the path loss models in parking lot environment which represents the multi-end users for future 5G applications. To completely assess the typical performance of 5G wireless network systems across these different frequency bands, it is necessary to develop path loss (PL) models across these wide frequency ranges. The short wavelength of the highest frequency bands provides many scatterings from different objects. Cars and other objects are some examples of scatterings, which represent a critical issue at millimeter-wave bands. This paper presents the large-scale propagation characteristics for millimeter-wave in a parking lot environment. A new physical-based path loss model for parking lots is proposed. The path loss was investigated based on different models. The measurement was conducted at 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequencies for different scenarios. Results showed that the path loss exponent values were approximately identical at 28 GHz and 38 GHz for different scenarios of parking lots. It was found that the proposed compensation factor varied between 10.6 dB and 23.1 dB and between 13.1 and 19.1 in 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. The proposed path loss models showed that more compensation factors are required for more scattering objects, especially at 28 GHz.

scholarly journals Hybrid Beamforming for Millimeter-Wave Heterogeneous Networks

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Hefnawi
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Heterogeneous Networks ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Antenna Element ◽  
Digital Beamforming ◽  
Hybrid Beamforming ◽  
Cell Base

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) employing massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and millimeter-wave (mmWave) technologies have emerged as a promising solution to enhance the network capacity and coverage of next-generation 5G cellular networks. However, the use of traditional fully-digital MIMO beamforming methods, which require one radio frequency (RF) chain per antenna element, is not practical for large-scale antenna arrays, due to the high cost and high power consumption. To reduce the number of RF chains, hybrid analog and digital beamforming has been proposed as an alternative structure. In this paper, therefore, we consider a HetNet formed with one macro-cell base station (MBS) and multiple small-cell base stations (SBSs) equipped with large-scale antenna arrays that employ hybrid analog and digital beamforming. The analog beamforming weight vectors of the MBS and the SBSs correspond to the the best-fixed multi-beams obtained by eigendecomposition schemes. On the other hand, digital beamforming weights are optimized to maximize the receive signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the effective channels consisting of the cascade of the analog beamforming weights and the actual channel. The performance is evaluated in terms of the beampatterns and the ergodic channel capacity and shows that the proposed hybrid beamforming scheme achieves near-optimal performance with only four RF chains while requiring considerably less computational complexity.

scholarly journals Directional Radio Propagation Path Loss Models for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Networks in the 28-, 60-, and 73-GHz Bands

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 6939-6947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Iyanda Sulyman ◽  
Abdulmalik Alwarafy ◽  
George R. MacCartney ◽  
Theodore S. Rappaport ◽  
Abdulhameed Alsanie
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Radio Propagation ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Loss Models

scholarly journals Analytical Blind Beamforming for a Multi-Antenna UAV Base-Station Receiver in Millimeter-Wave Bands

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6561
Author(s):  
Pingchuan Liu ◽  
Kuangang Fan ◽  
Yuhang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Channel Estimation ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Signal Recovery ◽  
Constant Modulus ◽  
Signal Space ◽  
Target User ◽  
Blind Beamforming

Over the last decade, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with antenna arrays have usually been employed for the enhancement of wireless communication in millimeter-wave bands. They are commonly used as aerial base stations and relay platforms in order to serve multiple users. Many beamforming methods for improving communication quality based on channel estimation have been proposed. However, these methods can be resource-intensive due to the complexity of channel estimation in practice. Thus, in this paper, we formulate an MIMO blind beamforming problem at the receivers for UAV-assisted communications in which channel estimation is omitted in order to save communication resources. We introduce one analytical method, which is called the analytical constant modulus algorithm (ACMA), in order to perform blind beamforming at the UAV base station; this relies only on data received by the antenna. The feature of the constant modulus (CM) is employed to restrict the target user signals. Algebraic operations, such as singular value decomposition (SVD), are applied to separate the user signal space from other interferences. The number of users in the region served by the UAV can be detected by exploring information in the measured data. We seek solutions that are expressible as one Kronecker product structure in the signal space; then, the beamformers that correspond to each user can be successfully estimated. The simulation results show that, by using this analytically derived blind method, the system can achieve good signal recovery accuracy, a reasonable system sum rate, and acceptable complexity.

scholarly journals 2D-OPC Subarray Structure for Efficient Hybrid Beamforming over Sparse mmWave Channels

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Junhyuk Yoo ◽  
Wonjin Sung ◽  
In-Kyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Hardware Cost ◽  
Antenna Structure ◽  
Digital Beamforming ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Hybrid Beamforming

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is a key technology of 5G new radio (NR) mobile communication systems. Efficient beamforming using a large antenna array is important to cope with the significant path loss experienced in the mmWave spectrum. The existing fully digital beamforming scheme requires a separate radio frequency (RF) chain for each antenna, which results in an excessive hardware cost and consumption power. Under these circumstances, hybrid beamforming which approaches the performance of fully digital beamforming while reducing the complexity is a promising solution for the mmWave multiuser transmission. By extending the existing hybrid beamforming strategies, this paper proposes a novel architecture which effectively reduces the hardware cost and complexity for large antenna arrays. The proposed scheme includes multiple subarrays in the form of uniform planar array (UPA) which are allowed to be overlapped in the two-dimensional space. The corresponding antenna structure is referred to as the two-dimensional overlapped partially connected (2D-OPC) subarray structure. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme to suggest performance-complexity trade-offs in designing versatile antenna arrays for efficient beamforming over the mmWave channel.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays for Millimeter Wave Wireless Communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Phase Array ◽  
Wave Band

In present 4G the enormously growing of cellular user and the shortage of bandwidth which results in difficulty to provide a high data rate to each end user. To achieve wider bandwidth millimeter wave technology is considered to solve the problem of bandwidth shortage. This paper presents a 4x1 element circular phase array of inset fed rectangular patch antenna operating in the millimeter wave band (24.81GHz 33GHz). To achieve large impedance bandwidth the array is designed with edge coupled parasitic patch arrangement which provides dual resonance. The designed array used the ring-shaped sequential rotation feeding line to reduce the unwanted side lobe radiation. The design antenna array achieved good return loss – 10dB ≤ S11 ≤ – 18.64dB and maintaining 26% (24.81GHz 33GHz) bandwidth. The antenna array has achieved good return loss S11, -18.64dB at 29.09GHz and VSWR ≤ 1.85 (24.81GHz-33GHz). In millimeter wave wireless communication require high gain antenna to overcome the problem of path loss. The designed array has achieved 10.14dB gain. So the designed will be suitable for the future millimeter-wave wireless communication system.

scholarly journals Radio Propagation Measurements in the Indoor Stairwell Environment at 3.5 and 28 GHz for 5G Wireless Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Saman ◽  
Marshed Mohamed ◽  
Michael Cheffena
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Radio Propagation ◽  
Cluster Decay ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Reference Distance

To cover the high demand for wireless data services for different applications in the wireless networks, different frequency bands below 6 GHz and in millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) above 24 GHz are proposed for the fifth generation (5G) of communication. The communication network is supposed to handle, among others, indoor traffic in normal situations as well as during emergencies. The stairway is one of those areas which has less network traffic during normal conditions but increases significantly during emergencies. This paper presents the radio propagation in an indoor stairway environment based on wideband measurements in the line of sight (LOS) at two candidate frequencies for 5G wireless networks, namely, 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz. The path loss, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, K-factor results, and analysis are provided. The close-in free-space reference distance (CI), floating intercept (FI), and the close-in free-space reference distance with frequency weighting (CIF) path loss models are provided. The channel parameters such as the number of clusters, the ray and cluster arrival rates, and the ray and cluster decay factors are also obtained for both frequencies. The findings of the path loss show that the CI, FI, and CIF models fit the measured data well in both frequencies with the path loss exponent identical to the free-space path loss. Based on clustering results, it is found that the cluster decay rates are identical at both bands. The results from this and previous measurements indicate that at least one access point is required for every two sections of the stairway to support good coverage along the stairwell area in 5G wireless networks. Moreover, for 5G systems utilizing mm-Wave frequency bands, one access point for each stair section might be necessary for increased reliability of the 5G network in stairwell environments.

scholarly journals Robust Hybrid Beamforming Scheme for Millimeter-Wave Massive-MIMO 5G Wireless Networks

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleem Latteef Mohammed ◽  
Mohammed H. Alsharif ◽  
Sadik Kamel Gharghan ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Mahmoud Albreem
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Minimum Mean Square Error ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Hybrid Beamforming

Wireless networks employing millimeter-wave (mmWave) and Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technologies are a key approach to boost network capacity, coverage, and quality of service (QoS) for future communications. They deploy symmetric antennas on a large scale in order to enhance the system throughput and data rate. However, increasing the number of antennas and Radio Frequency (RF) chains results in high computational complexity and more energy requirements. Therefore, to solve these problems, this paper proposes a low-complexity hybrid beamforming scheme for mmWave Massive-MIMO 5G wireless networks. The proposed algorithm is on the basis of alternating the minimum mean square error (Alt-MMSE) hybrid beamforming technique in which the orthogonal properties of the digital matrix were designed, and then the MSE of the transmitted and received signal was reduced. The phase of the analog matrix was obtained from the updated digital matrix. Simulation results showed that the proposed hybrid beamforming algorithm had better performance than existing state-of-the-art algorithms, and similar performance with the optimal digital precoding algorithm.

scholarly journals Per-link Parallel and Distributed Hybrid Beamforming for Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Millimeter Wave Full Duplex

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Kumar Sheemar ◽  
Dirk Slock
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Coherence Time ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Central Node ◽  
Hybrid Beamforming

This paper presents two novel hybrid beamforming (HYBF) designs for a multi-cell massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) millimeter wave (mmWave) full duplex (FD) system under limited dynamic range (LDR). Firstly, we present a novel centralized HYBF (C-HYBF) scheme based on alternating optimization. In general, the complexity of C-HYBF schemes scales quadratically as a function of the number of users and cells, which may limit their scalability. Moreover, they require significant communication overhead to transfer complete channel state information (CSI) to the central node every channel coherence time for optimization. The central node also requires very high computational power to jointly optimize many variables for the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) users in FD systems. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a very low-complexity and scalable cooperative per-link parallel and distributed (P$\&$D)-HYBF scheme. It allows each mmWave FD base station (BS) to update the beamformers for its users in a distributed fashion and independently in parallel on different computational processors. The complexity of P$\&$D-HYBF scales only linearly as the network size grows, making it desirable for the next generation of large and dense mmWave FD networks. Simulation results show that both designs significantly outperform the fully digital half duplex (HD) system with only a few radio-frequency (RF) chains and achieve similar performance. <br>

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