Vertical environmental protection pressure, fiscal pressure, and local environmental regulations: evidence from China’s industrial sulfur dioxide treatment

Legal System ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Environmental Policies ◽

Environmental Concerns ◽

Environmental Requirements ◽

Environmental Considerations

The need for sustainable development underscores the role and importance of integrating environmental concerns in non-environmental policies because it is evident that environmental regulations only are insufficient to manage all environmental issues. Law enforcement on environmental protection in Vietnam clearly demonstrates this situation. Vietnam’s legal system of environmental protection is incompatible or overlapped with other sectoral laws and in fact many environmental matters have been implemented in accordance with sectoral laws while disregarding environmental considerations due to the lack of specific and explicit environmental provisions or requirements in sectoral laws and regulations. From that situation, the paper emphasizes the need to integrate environmental protection requirements into the sectoral laws of Vietnam and proposes some fundamental criteria and procedures to integrate environmental requirements into sectoral laws.

The Convergence of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Emissions Per Capita in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12051781 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1781

Author(s):

Yu-Chen Zhang ◽

Deng-Kui Si ◽

Bing Zhao

Keyword(s):

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

Unit Root ◽

Local Governments ◽

Unit Root Test ◽

External Pressure ◽

So2 Emissions ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Government ◽

Environmental Protection Policies

As the third-largest SO2 emitter in the world, China is facing mounting domestic and external pressure to tackle the increasingly serious SO2 pollution. Figuring out the convergence and persistence of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions matters much for environmental policymakers in China. This study mainly utilizes the Fourier quantile unit root test to survey the convergence of the SO2 emissions per capita in 74 cities of China during the period of December 2014 to June 2019, by conducting five traditional unit root tests and a quantile root unit test as a comparative analysis. The empirical results indicate that the SO2 emissions per capita in 72 out of 74 cities in China are convergent in the sample period. The results also suggest that the unit root behavior of the SO2 emissions per capita in these cities is asymmetrically persistent at different quantiles. For the cities with the convergent SO2 emissions, the government should consider the asymmetric mean-reverting pattern of SO2 emissions when implementing environmental protection policies at different stages. For Hefei and Nanjing, the local governments need to enact stricter environmental protection policies to control the emission of sulfur dioxide.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND FORWARD CONTRACTS: SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSION ALLOWANCES

Journal of Applied Corporate Finance ◽

10.1111/j.1745-6622.1993.tb00241.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 109-110

Author(s):

John Byrd ◽

Tom Zwirlein

Keyword(s):

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

Forward Contracts ◽

Sulfur Dioxide Emission

The impact of the environment on economic growth: Evidence from China

National Interests Priorities and Security ◽

10.24891/ni.16.6.1148 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 1148-1164

Author(s):

Chi Chang ◽

V.M. Zaernyuk

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Development ◽

Environmental Pollution ◽

Protection Policy ◽

Industrial Sectors ◽

Bilateral Effects ◽

Development Objectives ◽

The Impact

Subject. China's industrial sectors are important vehicles that made China the global leader of GDP and economic growth. However, China managed to reach such results sacrificing its environment. The study discusses the coordination of actions spurring the economic growth and environmental protection in order to avoid such sacrifices for the sake of the national economic development. Objectives. We examine the mechanism of bilateral effects on the economic growth of China's industries and environmental protection to provide the empirical framework for the reasonable natural protection policy and environmental regulations. Methods. Theoretical projections stem from the analysis of economic literature and empirical research on resources, environment and sustainable economic development in the existing theories of economic growth. Results. Having analyzed how the environmental pollution and the industrial economic growth of China correlated, we found that a set of various environmental pollution indicators strongly differed from the empirical findings of the study. Therefore, it is still not found how the economic growth of China influenced the environmental pollution. Conclusions and Relevance. The improvement of the environmental quality is not an unavoidable endogenous result of the economic growth. If the Chinese industrial sectors continues growing extensively, the environment will grow even more polluted. It is necessary to determine a reasonable environmental protection policy to combine it with economic growth, and tighten the environmental regulations.

Statistical Implications of the Environmental Protection Agency Procedure for Evaluating the Accuracy of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide Monitors of Stationary Sources

Calibration in Air Monitoring ◽

10.1520/stp32359s ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 118-118-11

Author(s):

JB Reeves

Keyword(s):

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

Nitrogen Oxide ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Protection Agency ◽

Stationary Sources

Respiratory Effects of Short Term Peak Exposures to Sulfur Dioxide⋆⋆The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency.

Encyclopedia of Environmental Health ◽

10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00726-1 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 852-859 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D.O. Johns ◽

J.P. Pinto ◽

J.Y. Kim ◽

E.O. Owens

Keyword(s):

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Protection Agency ◽

Short Term ◽

Respiratory Effects ◽

The Us

ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS IN THE US: A STUDY OF STATE SULFUR DIOXIDE STANDARDS

Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management ◽

10.1142/s1464333205002171 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 07 (03) ◽

pp. 331-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

MARY E. DAVIS

Keyword(s):

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

National Level ◽

Ambient Air ◽

The State ◽

Regulatory Regime ◽

State Legislator ◽

The Us ◽

Meteorological Influences ◽

The Cost

What determines the environmental regulatory regime of a country or region? This paper addresses the question in detail, using the US and its widely varying environmental policies as the case study. What factors lead some US states to pass strict environmental regulations, while others are content with the baseline standards required at the national level? This work outlines the state environmental choice as a trade-off between the desires of consumers (who want better environmental quality) and of producers (who want less restrictive environmental standards). A rational state legislator maximises her chances of being re-elected by balancing these two competing forces when setting environmental policy. I test this model by directly analysing the state decision to adopt more restrictive sulfur dioxide regulations than those required by the federal government under the Environmental Protection Agency's "National Ambient Air Quality Standards" program. The statistical results suggest that legislators weigh the relative influence of consumer and producer groups when setting sulfur dioxide standards, in addition to accounting for meteorological influences that affect the cost of compliance with stricter environmental regulations. Limited evidence is also provided to support an inverted-U shaped relationship between income levels and environmental regulations.

The Use of Helicopters for Leisure Purposes in the Alps

Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law ◽

10.1163/161372710x543262 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 451-464

Author(s):

Jennifer Heuck

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Civil Aviation ◽

The European Union ◽

Legal Regime ◽

Mountain Areas ◽

Sports Ethics ◽

The Alps ◽

Sports Activities

AbstractIn mountain areas helicopters are used for the transport of tourists, panoramic and gastronomic flights and several sports activities such as heliskiing. Their use for tourist activities is subject of considerable criticism from a perspective of environmental protection as well as sports ethics. The legal regime governing these activities has, however, received rather scarce attention. The article discusses the provisions of the protocols of the Alpine Convention on this matter and assesses the national civil aviation laws and the environmental regulations on the use of helicopters for tourist activities. The last part addresses the contribution of the European Union by means of harmonisation of the national laws of its Member States.

OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE AND HEALTH OF WORKERS EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESSING OF NATURAL GAS

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-6-541-548 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 541-548

Author(s):

V. I. Boiko ◽

Yu. I. Dotsenko ◽

A. Kh. Akhmineeva ◽

Oksana V. Boiko

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Working Conditions ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Elevated Pressure ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Scientific Center ◽

Harmful Substances

This review in chronological order considers steps of the solution of the one of key issues of occupational medicine, namely - a hygienic assessment of working conditions at enterprises of gas-processing industry - the most steadily growing sector of economy, reliably providing the population’s needs and the national economy for fuel and energy resources. The intensity of the working process at these enterprises was shown to be often associated with the persistent exposure to various harmful factors of the occupational environment that in the complex promotes the formation of unfavorable functional states, a decline in the level of physical and mental health, productivity and efficiency of work. Industrial air environment in services workshop and compressor houses is often polluted with hydrogen sulphide, sulfur dioxide, mercaptans, methanol, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, nitrogen and carbon oxides. The main cause of this pollution is a certain imperfection of the technological process and equipment, especially the lack of its tightness. The number of processes at a high temperature and elevated pressure in the presence of very aggressive reagents primarily, as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide promotes the release of harmful substances into air environment. The possibility of their additive or synergistic impact on employees is not excluded because just in such industries there is seen a number of combinations of harmful substances enforcing the action of each other. There is made a conclusion that working conditions and environmental protection at the enterprises for the processing of natural gas and condensate with the high content of hydrogen sulfide and other corrosive components need for the further comprehensive hygienic assessment with the aim of the development of measures for the improvement of working conditions, preservation of workers’ health and environmental protection at all stages of production and processing of hydrocarbon raw materials in modern conditions. In preparing the review, the Scopus and Russian Information Scientific Center databases were used.

Environmental Regulation and Financial Performance in China: An Integrated View of the Porter Hypothesis and Institutional Theory

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su122310183 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 10183

Author(s):

Eunmi Lee

Keyword(s):

Institutional Theory ◽

Financial Performance ◽

Environmental Regulation ◽

Command And Control ◽

Porter Hypothesis ◽

And Control ◽

The Relationship ◽

Positive Impacts

The link between environmental regulations and financial performance has long been studied, but whether command and control environmental regulation or voluntary instruments induce better results is an unsettled question. By drawing on the Porter Hypothesis, this paper examines whether both approaches to environmental protection boost forms of environmental protection regulations that have positive impacts on financial performance. By integrating institutional theory, this study also examines whether ownership structures moderate the relationship between environmental regulation and financial performance. The results from data on 183 firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges confirmed that both command and control environmental regulation and voluntary instruments positively affect financial performance. This paper also found that ownership structure strengthens the relationship between command and control environmental regulation and financial performance. The findings enrich the Porter Hypothesis and contribute to environmental research by revealing that properly designed environmental regulations have positive impacts on financial performance. By drawing on institutional theory, this study further contributes to business and management studies by confirming that the specific moderator, China’s state-owned enterprises, is a crucial contributor in achieving robust financial results.