scholarly journals Attention allocation on mobile app interfaces when human interacts with them

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhu ◽  
Gaochao Cui ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Jianhai Zhang ◽  
Wanzeng Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bottom Left ◽  
Left Region

AbstractWith the popularity of smartphones and the pervasion of mobile apps, people spend more and more time to interact with a diversity of apps on their smartphones, especially for young population. This raises a question: how people allocate attention to interfaces of apps during using them. To address this question, we, in this study, designed an experiment with two sessions (i.e., Session1: browsing original interfaces; Session 2: browsing interfaces after removal of colors and background) integrating with an eyetracking system. Attention fixation durations were recorded by an eye-tracker while participants browsed app interfaces. The whole screen of smartphone was divided into four even regions to explore fixation durations. The results revealed that participants gave significantly longer total fixation duration on the bottom left region compared to other regions in the session (1) Longer total fixation duration on the bottom was preserved, but there is no significant difference between left side and right side in the session2. Similar to the finding of total fixation duration, first fixation duration is also predominantly paid on the bottom area of the interface. Moreover, the skill in the use of mobile phone was quantified by assessing familiarity and accuracy of phone operation and was investigated in the association with the fixation durations. We found that first fixation duration of the bottom left region is significantly negatively correlated with the smartphone operation level in the session 1, but there is no significant correlation between them in the session (2) According to the results of ratio exploration, the ratio of the first fixation duration to the total fixation duration is not significantly different between areas of interest for both sessions. The findings of this study provide insights into the attention allocation during browsing app interfaces and are of implications on the design of app interfaces and advertisements as layout can be optimized according to the attention allocation to maximally deliver information.

scholarly journals Where did I come from? Where am I going? Functional influences on visual search fixation duration

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold H. Greene ◽  
James M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
Real Time Simulation ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Time Simulation ◽  
Saccade Direction

Real time simulation of visual search behavior can occur only if the control of fixation durations is sufficiently understood.  Visual search studies have typically confounded pre- and post-saccadic influences on fixation duration.  In the present study, pre- and post-saccadic influences on fixation durations were compared by considering saccade direction. Novel use of a gaze-contingent moving obstructer paradigm also addressed relative contributions of both influences to total fixation duration.   As a function of saccade direction, pre-saccadic fixation durations exhibited a different pattern from post-saccadic fixation durations.  Post-saccadic fixations were also more strongly influenced by peripheral obstruction than pre-saccadic fixation durations. This suggests that post-saccadic influences may contribute more to fixation durations than pre-saccadic influences. Together, the results demonstrate that it is insufficient to model the control of visual search fixation durations without consideration of pre- and post-saccadic influences. 

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the ColorApp Mobile App for Health Education and Promotion for Colorectal Cancer: Quasi-Experimental Study

10.2196/15487 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e15487
Author(s):  
Nor Azwany Yaacob ◽  
Muhamad Fadhil Mohamad Marzuki ◽  
Najib Majdi Yaacob ◽  
Shahrul Bariyah Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Public ◽  
Screening Participation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background Lack of knowledge and poor attitude are barriers to colorectal cancer screening participation. Printed material, such as pamphlets and posters, have been the main approach in health education on disease prevention in Malaysia. Current information technology advancements have led to an increasing trend of the public reading from websites and mobile apps using their mobile phones. Thus, health information dissemination should also be diverted to websites and mobile apps. Increasing knowledge and awareness could increase screening participation and prevent late detection of diseases such as colorectal cancer. Objective This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the ColorApp mobile app in improving the knowledge and attitude on colorectal cancer among users aged 50 years and older, who are the population at risk for the disease in Kedah. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 100 participants in Kedah, Malaysia. Participants from five randomly selected community empowerment programs in Kota Setar district were in the intervention group; Kuala Muda district was the control group. Participants were given a self-administered validated questionnaire on knowledge and attitudes toward colorectal cancer. A mobile app, ColorApp (Colorectal Cancer Application), was developed as a new educational tool for colorectal cancer prevention. The intervention group used the app for two weeks. The same questionnaire was redistributed to both groups after two weeks. The mean percentage scores for knowledge and attitude between groups were compared using repeated measure ANCOVA. Results There was no significant difference in age, sex, highest education level, current occupation, and diabetic status between the two groups. The number of smokers was significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the control group and was controlled for during analysis. The intervention group showed a significantly higher mean knowledge score compared with the control group with regards to time (Huynh-Feldt: F1,95=19.81, P<.001). However, there was no significant difference in mean attitude scores between the intervention and control groups with regards to time (F1,95=0.36, P=.55). Conclusions The ColorApp mobile app may be an adjunct approach in educating the public on colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Sampling rate influences saccade detection in mobile eye tracking of a reading task

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Leube ◽  
Katharina Rifai ◽  
Siegfried Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Reading Task ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Detection Characteristics ◽  
Saccade Duration ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

The purpose of this study was to compare saccade detection characteristics in two mobile eye trackers with different sampling rates in a natural task. Gaze data of 11 participants were recorded in one 60 Hz and one 120 Hz mobile eye tracker and compared directly to the saccades detected by a 1000 HZ stationary tracker while a reading task was performed. Saccades and fixations were detected using a velocity based algorithm and their properties analyzed. Results showed that there was no significant difference in the number of detected fixations but mean fixation durations differed between the 60 Hz mobile and the stationary eye tracker. The 120 Hz mobile eye tracker showed a significant increase in the detection rate of saccades and an improved estimation of the mean saccade duration, compared to the 60 Hz eye tracker. To conclude, for the detection and analysis of fast eye movements, such as saccades, it is better to use a 120 Hz mobile eye tracker.

scholarly journals Ability of children to perform touchscreen gestures and follow prompting techniques when using mobile apps

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Savita Yadav ◽  
Pinaki Chakraborty ◽  
Arshia Kaul ◽  
Pooja ◽  
Bhavya Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Early Age ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Single Finger ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Children today get access to smartphones at an early age. However, their ability to use mobile apps has not yet been studied in detail.Purpose: This study aimed to assess the ability of children aged 2–8 years to perform touchscreen gestures and follow prompting techniques, i.e., ways apps provide instructions on how to use them.Methods: We developed one mobile app to test the ability of children to perform various touchscreen gestures and another mobile app to test their ability to follow various prompting techniques. We used these apps in this study of 90 children in a kindergarten and a primary school in New Delhi in July 2019. We noted the touchscreen gestures that the children could perform and the most sophisticated prompting technique that they could follow.Results: Two- and 3-year-old children could not follow any prompting technique and only a minority (27%) could tap the touchscreen at an intended place. Four- to 6-year-old children could perform simple gestures like a tap and slide (57%) and follow instructions provided through animation (63%). Sevenand 8-year-old children could perform more sophisticated gestures like dragging and dropping (30%) and follow instructions provided in audio and video formats (34%). We observed a significant difference between the number of touchscreen gestures that the children could perform and the number of prompting techniques that they could follow (<i>F</i>=544.0407, <i>P</i><0.05). No significant difference was observed in the performance of female versus male children (<i>P</i>>0.05).Conclusion: Children gradually learn to use mobile apps beginning at 2 years of age. They become comfortable performing single-finger gestures and following nontextual prompting techniques by 8 years of age. We recommend that these results be considered in the development of mobile apps for children.

The efficacy of using mobile applications in changing adolescent girls’ physical activity behaviour during weekends

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
Ming Li Carol Seah ◽  
Koon Teck Koh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Physical Activity Behaviour ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Smartphones are omnipresent and offer real-time information on the go. Predominantly, adolescent girls have been found to be engaged in levels of physical activity (PA) below the daily recommended guideline of at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity, and especially during weekends. Lack of sufficient PA can lead to a risk of contracting non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the efficacy of using mobile applications (app) (i.e. MapMyFitness [MMF]) in changing adolescent girls’ PA behaviour during weekends. It also examined the perceived benefits, challenges and recommendations for using mobile apps. Thirty-six participants aged 15 years ( Mage = 14.9; SD = 0.30) from a convenience sample volunteered and took part in the present study, which spanned four weekends. Quantitative results showed a significant difference in the mean step count between experimental and control groups during week two, probably due to the novelty effect when the participants were introduced to the new MMF mobile app. Overall, the use of the MMF app seems to be able to attenuate the decline of adolescent girls’ PA level during weekends. Qualitative results revealed benefits of using mobile apps to promote PA, such as a sense of autonomy in selecting PA, the ability to view friends’ postings of PA and self-monitoring of PA. The study revealed specific challenges to using such PA mobile apps - in particular, factors such as the cumbersome and confusing functions in the app that discouraged users from performing PA. Recommendations included allowing users to customise their accounts, simplifying the app’s functions, and including rewards and videos as motivators to enhance users’ PA experience. Although mobile apps may have the potential to encourage participation in PA, a careful selection of mobile app functions is required to engage adolescent girls to continue to use it for PA.

scholarly journals Eye-Tracker Analysis of the Contrast Sensitivity of Anomalous and Normal Trichromats: A Loglinear Examination with Landolt-C Figures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3200
Author(s):  
László Sipos ◽  
Attila Gere ◽  
Zoltán Kókai ◽  
Ákos Nyitrai ◽  
Sándor Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visit Duration ◽  
The Right ◽  
Landolt C

The contrast sensitivity of normal and anomalous trichromats were examined with Landolt-C figures by eye-tracking system. For the measurements, two series of test images (achromatic and colored) were designed. The difficulty levels of the tests were gradually increased after each right answer. In the case of the observation of the ring of the Landolt-C figures, the variables related to fixation duration, fixation count, visit duration and count significantly affected this subject, success or image parameters, and their interactions. The main questions of this study were as follows: Which statistical method is suitable to model the differences between anomalous and normal trichromats? Which eye-movement variables have a significant effect on the investigated parameters and on their interactions? Is there any significant difference between eye-movement variables of normal and anomalous trichromats? How does the survival time of anomalous and normal trichromats change in the case of achromatic and colored figures? The results showed that the right answers of anomalous and normal trichromats can be described with multiple or cross-classified contingency tables evaluated effectively by loglinear regression. The survival analysis showed that normal trichromats are more successful in interpreting colored images, while anomalous trichromats seemed to be more efficient in perceiving achromatic images.

scholarly journals Mobile Apps Based on Keller Personalized System of Instruction to Promote English Vocabulary Acquisition

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (23) ◽  
pp. 4-17
Author(s):  
Rooban Arumugam ◽  
Norah Md Noor
Keyword(s):  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personalized System Of Instruction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Personalized System

Mobile learning (or m-learning) is the ability to learn anywhere and at any time using a portable electronic device. Mobile technologies gradually integrate into learnedness. Mobile devices and apps are changing the way learners acquires English. This study aims to develop a mobile Apps based on the Keller Plan Personalized system of instruction (PSI) theory called JuJu English Vocabulary to improve learners’ vocabulary acquisition. The mobile Apps was developed using ADDIE instructional design model. The developed Apps was investigated using a quasi-experimental research design among 60 students separated into two(2) groups: control and experimental groups. Data were analysed using SPSS software. The outcome shows a significant difference between Post-test experimental (using the mobile app) and the control group (traditional learning). This Mobile Apps design allows personalised growth among the experimental group of students in terms of their vocabulary acquisition. The design mimicking a game strategy did help increase their interest to enjoy the learning process.

scholarly journals Simple or complex? Consumer response to display signs

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Knuth ◽  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Patricia T. Huddleston
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Consumer Response ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Product Choices ◽  
Retail Signage ◽  
Student Subjects

Retail signage provides information from the marketer to facilitate product purchase. An increase in sign information creates greater sign complexity, which raises the question: for consumer product choices, what quantity of information is helpful versus overwhelming? We hypothesize that consumers would allocate more visual attention to complex signs and that sign complexity would be a predictor of likeliness to buy (LTB). Five experts rated 105 real garden center signs for complexity and five low, moderate, and highcomplexity signs were selected for the study. Signs were incorporated into Tobii X1 Light Eye Tracker software, where 85 non-student subjects rated sign attractiveness and LTB from a display containing that sign. Subjects allocated greater visual attention (higher fixation count and longer total fixation duration) to more complex signs, which were also rated as most attractive. Initial regression results showed sign attractiveness and fixation count were positive predictors of LTB, while complexity and total fixation duration were inversely related to LTB. Mediation analysis showed that fixation duration fully mediates fixation count impact on purchase intention. Results suggest that informationrich messaging in high complexity signs, while seen as attractive, may give consumers too much information and higher cognitive load, which makes decision-making more difficult.

India Goes Digital..Smartphone is the New Shopping Destination

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Shankar Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Online Shopping ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Mobile Commerce ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The World ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
User Friendly

Despite being in nascent stage m-commerce is gaining momentum in India. The explosive growth of smart-phone users has made India much loved business destination for whole world. Indian internet user is becoming the second largest in the world next to China surpassing US, which throws open plenty of e-commerce opportunities, not only for Indian players, offshore players as well. Mobile commerce is likely to overtake e-commerce in the next few years, spurred by the continued uptrend in online shopping and increasing use of mobile apps.The optimism comes from the fact that people accessing the Internet through their mobiles had jumped 33 per cent in 2014 to 173 million and is expected to grow 21 per cent year-on-year till 2019 to touch 457 million. e-Commerce brands are eyeing on the mobile app segment by developing user-friendly and secure mobile apps offering a risk-free and easy shopping experience to its users. Budget 4G smart phones coupled with affordable plans, can very well drive 4G growth in India.

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