Interaction of copper with fatty acids in Soxhlet extraction and its influence

Surfactants are essential in the pulp recovery process for the removal of ink on paper to be recycled. In order to create a “green” surfactant, seed oil was extracted from Morinda citrifolia L. by Soxhlet extraction for 4–8 h and its composition evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total ion chromatogram (TIC) of fatty acids of Morinda citrifolia L. (FAMC) indicated that extraction yields the largest amount of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), specifically C19H34O2 and C21H38O2, at 6 h. All FAMC fractions were evaluated for their suitability as a surfactant for deinking flotation. FAMC isolated after 6 h of extraction yields fatty acids that are the most suitable surfactants, as the fraction consists of mostly unsaturated fatty acids that show good interactions with the structure of common ink molecules. Our results show that the performance of the FAMC taken after 6 h of extraction approaches that of a synthetic surfactant (SS). The appropriate viscous force for deinking flotation was found to be 1.5–2.0 × 10−4 mg/mm s2 when the synthetic surfactant is used compared to 1.0–1.5 × 10−4 mg/mm s2 for FAMC. The higher intermolecular bonding strength in the synthetic surfactant-ink particle system requires higher viscous force.

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Aloe ferox Seed: A Potential Source of Oil for Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Use

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800334 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rachael Dangarembizi ◽

Eliton Chivandi ◽

Kennedy Erlwanger

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Acid Value ◽

Potential Source ◽

Saponification Value ◽

Aloe Ferox ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Important Medicinal Plant

Aloe ferox is an important medicinal plant in Southern Africa whose seeds could be useful as a source of oil. The fatty acid composition of A. ferox seed oil was determined using gas chromatography. The physicochemical properties of the oil were analysed using standard methods. The seeds yielded 19.4% of a light textured oil using the Blight and Dyer's method and 12.3% using the Soxhlet extraction method. The saponification value of the seed oil was 241.9 mg KOH/g and the peroxide value was 8.9 meq/kg. The acid value of the seed oil was 51.5 mg KOH/g (25.9% free fatty acids). The major fatty acids found in the seed oil were linoleic acid (71.8%), oleic acid (12.0%), palmitic acid (11.2%) and stearic acid (2.9%). The results obtained suggest that as A. ferox seed oil is high in linoleic acid, it could be potentially exploited in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

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Chromatographic profile and bioactive compounds found in the composition of pupunha oil (Bactris gasipaes Kunth): implications for human health

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-9805202033e190146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Orquídea Vasconcelos dos SANTOS ◽

Stephanie Dias SOARES ◽

Pamela Cristina Sodré DIAS ◽

Samanta de Paula de Almeida DUARTE ◽

Mayara Priscila Lima dos SANTOS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Human Health ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Fatty Acids Profile ◽

Chromatographic Profile

ABSTRACT Objective The presence of dietary bioactive compounds in the human diet becomes a major factor in combating the etiology of different pathologies. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the fatty acids profile, cardiovascular functionality indices, bioactive compounds and spectroscopic pattern of peach palm oil (pupunha oil) and their impact on human health. Methods The oil was obtained by soxhlet extraction; the oil yield and qualities were determined according to the standards of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. For the fatty acids profile, the practical recommendations of the American Oil Chemists’ Society and of the International Organization for Standardization were followed. Total carotenoids and polyphenols were determined by spectrophotometry; the composition of the chemical groups was determined by infrared spectroscopy. The anti-atherogenic, antithrombogenic and hypocholesterolemic indices were obtained using mathematical models. Results The results showed good quality oil based on acid and peroxyde indices (2.45±0.33mg KOH g-1 and 5.47±1.05mEq kg-1). The main fruit bioactive compound was β-carotene (832.4±0.64µg/100g). The chromatographic profile showed a high saturated fatty acid content (53.74%); unsaturated (46.25%); fats were monounsaturated (39.66%) and polyunsaturated (6.59%). The antiatherogenic, antithrombogenic and hypocholesterolemic indices were, on average, 1.10, 2.04 and 0.84, respectively. The spectroscopic profile exhibited bands with variation from 2918.8cm-1 to 714cm-1. Conclusion The results indicate that the consumption of isolated lipid content of the pupunha palm oil provides health protection with emphasis on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

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Extraction of rubber (hevea brasiliensis) seed oil using soxhlet method

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v10n1.61 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

S.H. Mohd-Setapar ◽

Lee Nian-Yian ◽

N.S. Mohd-Sharif

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Solvent Extraction ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Rubber Seed

Soxhlet extraction which is also known as solvent extraction refers to the preferential dissolution of oil by contacting oilseeds with a liquid solvent. This is the most efficient method to recover oil from oilseeds, thus solvent extraction using hexane has been commercialized as a standard practice in today’s industry. In this study, soxhlet extraction had been used to extract the rubber seed oil which contains high percentage of alpha-linolenic acid. In addition, the different solvents will be used for the extraction of rubber seed oil such as petroleum ether, n-hexane, ethanol and water to study the best solvent to extract the rubber seed oil so the maximum oil yield can be obtained. On the other hands, the natural resource, rubber belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, the genus is Hevea while the species of rubber is brasiliensis. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seeds are abundant and wasted because they had not been used in any industry or applications in daily life. The oil of rubber seeds had been found that contained a significant percentage of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids especially alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Alpha-linolenic acid is one of the important elements of omega-3 fatty acids which play important roles in human metabolism, not only playing structural roles in phospholipid bilayers but also acting as precursors to bioactive molecules. Moreover, rubber seed oil also contains a high percentage of oleic acid and linoleic acid, these all are valuable compounds. Thus, rubber seed oil can be regarded as a plant derived oleic-linolenic acid. Rubber seeds can be considered as good sources for human food, animal feed and biofuel with its high content of fat, protein, amino acids and fatty acids. Therefore, it is important to study the method of extraction to extract the valuable components from rubber seeds, purify the extracted seed oil, so that the rubber seeds oil can be utilized into difference industries pharmaceutical, food, oleochemical and cosmetics.

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Innovative and Conventional Valorizations of Grape Seeds from Winery By-Products as Sustainable Source of Lipophilic Antioxidants

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9070568 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 568

Author(s):

Ivana Dimić ◽

Nemanja Teslić ◽

Predrag Putnik ◽

Danijela Bursać Kovačević ◽

Zoran Zeković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Tocopherol Content ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Grape Seeds ◽

Extraction Technology

The aim of this study was to valorize the oil recovery from red and white grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.) that remains as by-product after the winemaking process. Oils were extracted by modern techniques, ultrasound assisted (UAE), microwave assisted (MAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and compared to the Soxhlet extraction (SE). Firstly, SFE was optimized at different operating conditions: pressure (250–350 bar), temperature (40–60 °C), CO2 flow rate (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 kg h−1), and particle size (315–800 µm and >800 µm). The highest extraction yields were achieved by SFE at the optimal conditions: 350 bar, 60 °C, 0.4 kg h−1. Afterwards, SFE was compared to SE, UAE and MAE with respect to oil extraction yields, and analyzed for fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity. Considering the general classification of fatty acids, it was found that samples had high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, regardless of extraction technology. Tocopherol content was significantly influenced by all extraction methods, whereas UAE and MAE resulted in extracts richer with lipophilic antioxidants. In conclusion, modern extractions that are suited for industrial applications had better performance as compared to SE, as judging by the oil yield and quality.

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Effect of cold-press and soxhlet extraction on fatty acids, tocopherols and sterol contents of the Moringa seed oils

South African Journal of Botany ◽

10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 124 ◽

pp. 333-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M.M. Özcan ◽

K. Ghafoor ◽

F. Al Juhaimi ◽

I.A.M. Ahmed ◽

E.E. Babiker

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Seed Oils ◽

Cold Press

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635. The estimation of the total volatile fatty acids in cheese

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900008293 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 277-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. J. G. Barnett ◽

G. A. Tawab

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Total Volatile ◽

Manual Operation

An extraction method is described for determining the volatile fatty acids in cheese. The method, dependent upon Soxhlet extraction and micro-distillation, is speedy with regard to actual manual operation and gives results in accordance with those obtained by lengthier established methods.

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Analysis Fatty Acids Profile in Tabanus bivittatus Mats with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

The Open Biotechnology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874070701509010113 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 113-118

Author(s):

Wang Yanhua ◽

Wu Fuhua ◽

Guo Zhaohan ◽

Peng Mingxing ◽

Xia Min ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Palmitoleic Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Fatty Acids Profile ◽

Total Fatty Acids

Tabanus bivittatus Mats., a traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used for cardiovascular disorders treatment including atherosclerosis. There have been only a few researches on its chemical components, and no detailed report has appeared on its fatty acids. To develop a simple and effective method for the extraction of total fatty acids from Tabanus bivittatus Mats., the Soxhlet extraction (SE) condition was optimized with response surface methodology. The fatty acid composition of the extract were determined by GC-MS with previous derivatization to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). The major fatty acids in Tabanus bivittatus Mats. were oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and stearic acid, and the unsaturated fatty acids occupy 63.9% of the total fatty acids.

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