scholarly journals Bioconversion of Apple Pomace into Microbial Protein Feed Based on Extrusion Pretreatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Yang ◽  
Lijun Jiang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yuxin Deng ◽  
Wenjing Suo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Protein Feed

scholarly journals Bioconversion of Apple Pomace into Microbial Protein Feed Based on Extrusion Pretreatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Yang ◽  
Lijun Jiang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yuxin Deng ◽  
Wenjing Suo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Pure Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Nutrition Value ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract Apple pomace (AP) is often used directly as animal feed, while the value of feeding is limited by its low protein content. In this study, extrusion pretreatment was performed for AP, and further fermentation was carried out to improve its nutrition value. Strains suitable for extruded apple pomace (EAP) to produce high-quality microbial protein (MP) feed were screened from 12 different strains. Results showed that Aspergillus niger 3.324 (Asn), Candida utilis1314 (Cau), Geotrichum candidum 1315 (Gec), Bacillus subtilis A308 (Bas1) and Lactic acid bacteria (Lac) were screened as the dominant strains, which exhibited higher feeding value. Strongsymbiotic effect was observed in fermentation with mixed strains of Asn, Cau, Gec, and Lacat the ratio of 1:1:1:1. Compared with AP, the pure protein content in the optimized fermented EAP (FEAP) was increased by 138% accompanying with a pleasant flavor and taste. The nutrition value of FEAP was characterized by amino acid profiles, it found that FEAP was comparable to other commercial proteins with higher contents of histidine, phenylalanine, threonine and valine. Combination of fermentation and extrusion technology significantly enhanced pure protein content and nutritional composition of apple pomace, which was revalorized as a nutritive animal feed that rich in microbial protein.

scholarly journals Effect of Supplemental Microbial Protein Feed on the Broiler Growth Traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1140-1144
Author(s):  
Ravindra Singh Rajkumar ◽  
S.P. Yadav Vikas Jaiswal ◽  
D.K. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Protein Feed

Optimization of Medium for Bioconversion Extruded Apple Pomace into Microbial Protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Yang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Lijun Jiang ◽  
Wenjing Suo ◽  
Yuxin Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Utilization ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Extrusion Technology

Abstract The medium compositions such as carbon and nitrogen sources, moisture content and inorganic salt affected the microbial protein (MP) production. Imbalance of carbon-nitrogen ratio in apple pomace (AP) limited the microbial utilization. Hence, those conditions must be optimized to achieve maximum MP. In this work, AP was pretreated by extrusion technology to obtain extruded apple pomace (EAP). Subsequently, the medium compositions were optimized using Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and Box-Behnken design (BBD). PBD determined four significant factors (bran, glucose, packing quantity (PQ), water to material ratio (W/M)) out of the eight variables. The BBD results showed that optimal true protein content (10.42%), effective viable count (1.94×109 CFU/g) and crude protein content (18.73%) were achieved at bran 16.22%, glucose 8.09%, PQ 9.88 g and W/M 1.56. Compared with AP, the true protein and crude protein content of optimal fermented EAP (FEAP) were increased by 152% and 216%, respectively. According to fluorescence microscopy, the cellulose of AP was little effected by extrusion technology while was mostly degraded by mixed strains (Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, Geotrichum candidum and Lactic acid bacteria). Combination of extrusion and fermentation, the medium compositions were optimized to promote the bioconversion of AP into MP feed.

DDT Residues in the Internal Fat of Beef Cattle Fed Contaminated Apple Pomace

1961 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Bovard ◽  
B. M. Priode ◽  
G. E. Whitmore ◽  
A. J. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Apple Pomace

Perspective of using fusariosis resistant varieties of lupines in organic farming

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
M.S. Korniychuk ◽  
N.V. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Protein Feed

The expediency of fusarium resistant lupines usage in organic farming for improving soil fertility and producing high protein feed for livestock is justified in this article. Organic production excludes the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. In these circumstances, increases the value of cultures that positively affect the fertility of soils and their phytosanitary status. These crops include annual fodder lupine (yellow, white and angustifolia), especially varieties that are resistant to disease. Having the highest nitrogen-fixing ability among annual legume crops, lupins, depending on the type and conditions of cultivation, can accumulate from 80 to 300 kg/ha of environmentally pure symbiotic nitrogen in biomass. Plowing the green mass (30-45 t/ha) is equivalent to the corresponding amount of manure or introduction of 5-7 t/ha of ammonium nitrate. 30 kg/ha of phosphorus and 50 kg/ha of potassium are entering the soil with plant remains. Therefore, lupine provides itself with nutrients and still leaves up to 150 kg/ha of nitrogen in the soil after harvesting for subsequent crops in crop rotation. In organic production, fusariosis resistant varieties of lupines are also interesting as a source of high protein feeds for livestock. They are building up to 60 t/ha of biomass, which contains more than one ton of digestible protein. In grain of the fodder varieties contains 40-52% of crude protein, 5.5-6.0% of fat, 10-12% of sugar. The characteristic of fusarium resistant varieties of lupins (yellow, white and angustifolia), created in the NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" and included in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine is presented in this article. These varieties are practically not affected by fusariosis under the production conditions and do not require the use of fungicides during the growing season. They can be grown in crop rotation with a return period of 2-3 years, whereas for unstable it took 6-7 years. Because of the inability to use in organic farming fungicide to prevent crop losses from anthracnose, it is necessary to use predominantly angustifolia lupine varieties, which are now more tolerant to this disease, prevent sowing of infected seeds and adhere to crop rotation. Fusarium-resistant varieties of lupins are suitable for cultivation in poucous and sown crops, and in mixtures with other crops.

Application of Anti-Microbial Protein Lysozyme for Dental Materials

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-227
Author(s):  
Rei Tsuji ◽  
Yoshinori Shinohara ◽  
Hatsumi Nagadome ◽  
Yoshihiro Terada
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
Microbial Protein

scholarly journals PSXI-15 Effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochars on nutrient disappearance, methane production and ruminal fermentation of a silage-based diet in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 395-395
Author(s):  
Paul Tamayao ◽  
Gabriel O Ribeiro ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Hee-Eun Yang ◽  
A M Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Barley Silage

Abstract This study investigated the effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochar on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a barley silage-based diet. The basal diet consisted of 60% barley silage, 27% barley grain, 10% canola meal and 3% mineral/vitamin supplement (DM basis). Three spruced-based biochars, treated post-pyrolysis with either zinc chloride, hydrochloric acid/nitric acid mixture or sulfuric acid were added at 2.0% of substrate DM. In a randomized complete block design, treatments were assigned to sixteen vessels (n = 4/treatment) in two RUSITEC systems. The experiment was conducted over 15 d, with 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Nutrient disappearance of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was determined after 48 h of incubation from d 9 to 12, and microbial protein synthesis was measured from d 13–15. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS, with the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of RUSITEC system and vessel. Biochar inclusion did not affect disappearance of DM (P = 0.49), OM (P = 0.60), CP (P = 0.14), NDF (P = 0.48), ADF (P = 0.11) or starch (P = 0.58). Biochar also had no effect on total gas production (P = 0.31) or CH4 produced expressed as a % of total gas production (P = 0.06), mg/d (P = 0.70), mg/g of DM incubated (P = 0.74), or mg/g of DM digested (P = 0.64). No effect on total VFA (P = 0.56) or NH3-N (P = 0.20) production were observed. Neither microbial protein synthesis nor total protozoa count were affected by biochar addition (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar inclusion in a silage-based diet did not exhibit the potential to mitigate CH4 emissions or improve digestion in a RUSITEC system.

scholarly journals Functionalization of Enzymatically Treated Apple Pomace from Juice Production by Extrusion Processing

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Vera Schmid ◽  
Antje Trabert ◽  
Judith (Schäfer) Keller ◽  
Mirko Bunzel ◽  
Heike P. Karbstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treated Apple

Food by-products can be used as natural and sustainable food ingredients. However, a modification is needed to improve the technofunctional properties according to the specific needs of designated applications. A lab-scale twin-screw extruder was used to process enzymatically treated apple pomace from commercial fruit juice production. To vary the range of the thermomechanical treatment, various screw speeds (200, 600, 1000 min−1), and screw configurations were applied to the raw material. Detailed chemical and functional analyses were performed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the extrusion processing on apple pomace composition and technofunctional properties as well as structures of individual polymers. Extrusion at moderate thermomechanical conditions increased the water absorption, swelling, and viscosity of the material. An increase in thermomechanical stress resulted in a higher water solubility index, but negatively affected the water absorption index, viscosity, and swelling. Scanning electron microscopy showed an extrusion-processing-related disruption of the cell wall. Dietary fiber analysis revealed an increase of soluble dietary fiber from 12.6 to 17.2 g/100 g dry matter at maximum thermo-mechanical treatment. Dietary fiber polysaccharide analysis demonstrated compositional changes, mainly in the insoluble dietary fiber fraction. In short, pectin polysaccharides seem to be susceptible to thermo-mechanical stress, especially arabinans as neutral side chains of rhamnogalacturonan I.

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