scholarly journals Dispositional and situational moral emotions, bullying and prosocial behavior in adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Oriol ◽  
Rafael Miranda ◽  
Alberto Amutio
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Moral Disgust ◽  
Bullying Behavior ◽  
Dispositional Gratitude

AbstractStudies that distinguish the role of dispositional and situational moral emotions in bullying situations remain limited in the international literature. This work, therefore, aims to analyze the role of dispositional and situational moral emotions in bullying and prosocial behavior in adolescents. Two studies were conducted: a cross-sectional study including 644 adolescents aged 14–18 years (M = 15.6, DT = 1.4) and a repeated measures design including 235 adolescents aged 10–15 years (M = 12.5, DT = 0.9). The objectives of Study 1 were 1) to validate two scales for the situational moral emotions elicited in bullying situations (elevation and moral disgust) and 2) to examine the relationships between dispositional and situational moral emotions and prosocial behavior toward victims and bullying behavior. The results show adequate psychometric properties for both elevation and moral disgust scales. Furthermore, both situational moral emotions are negatively related to bullying behavior, whereas dispositional emotions such as compassion and gratitude have a positive effect on prosocial behavior. Study 2 assessed the prospective relationship between dispositional gratitude and prosocial behavior toward victims and bullying behavior. The results of this study indicate that dispositional gratitude has a positive prospective effect on prosocial behavior towards victims and a negative effect on bullying behavior. In conclusion, the relevance of moral emotions for the prevention of bullying behavior is highlighted and the role that self-transcendent dispositional emotions have on prosocial behavior from the perspective of developmental psychology.

scholarly journals Comparative Kinematic and Electromyographic Assessment of Clinician- and Device-Assisted Sit-to-Stand Transfers in Patients With Stroke

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1331-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Burnfield ◽  
Bernadette McCrory ◽  
Yu Shu ◽  
Thad W. Buster ◽  
Adam P. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ankle Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Combat Injuries

Background Workplace injuries from patient handling are prevalent. With the adoption of no-lift policies, sit-to-stand transfer devices have emerged as one tool to combat injuries. However, the therapeutic value associated with sit-to-stand transfers with the use of an assistive apparatus cannot be determined due to a lack of evidence-based data. Objective The aim of this study was to compare clinician-assisted, device-assisted, and the combination of clinician- and device-assisted sit-to-stand transfers in individuals who recently had a stroke. Design This cross-sectional, controlled laboratory study used a repeated-measures design. Methods The duration, joint kinematics, and muscle activity of 4 sit-to-stand transfer conditions were compared for 10 patients with stroke. Each patient performed 4 randomized sit-to-stand transfer conditions: clinician-assisted, device-assisted with no patient effort, device-assisted with the patient’s best effort, and device- and clinician-assisted. Results Device-assisted transfers took nearly twice as long as clinician-assisted transfers. Hip and knee joint movement patterns were similar across all conditions. Forward trunk flexion was lacking and ankle motion was restrained during device-assisted transfers. Encouragement and guidance from the clinician during device-assisted transfers led to increased lower extremity muscle activation levels. Limitations One lifting device and one clinician were evaluated. Clinician effort could not be controlled. Conclusions Lack of forward trunk flexion and restrained ankle movement during device-assisted transfers may dissuade clinicians from selecting this device for use as a dedicated rehabilitation tool. However, with clinician encouragement, muscle activation increased, which suggests that it is possible to safely practice transfers while challenging key leg muscles essential for standing. Future sit-to-stand devices should promote safety for the patient and clinician and encourage a movement pattern that more closely mimics normal sit-to-stand biomechanics.

When leader is morally corrupt: interplay of despotic leadership and self-concordance on moral emotions and bullying behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 911-928
Author(s):  
Fauzia Syed ◽  
Muhammad Waheed Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Muhammad Asrar-ul-Haq ◽  
Qurt ul ain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Leadership Development Programs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bullying Behavior ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study investigates despotic leadership (DL) as an antecedent to bullying behavior with a mediating role of moral emotions at work. Another aim is to study the moderating role of self-concordance to buffer the relationship between DL and arousal of moral emotions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected two-source (self-reported and supervisor reported) time-lagged data in the shape of a three-wave survey (i.e. one month time interval for each time) from 242 dyads in the health sector of Pakistan.FindingsThe results revealed that moral emotions mediated the relationship between DL and bullying behavior. Furthermore, self-concordance moderates the relationship between DL and moral emotions, such that the relationship will be stronger in the case of low self-concordance.Research limitations/implicationsManagers need to promote a culture that accommodates diversity of opinion at the organization so that everyone is able to express and share their views openly. Organizations should encourage supervisors to participate in leadership development programs aimed at eliminating DL.Originality/valueThis study establishes the role of self-concordance and moral emotions in the relationship between despotic leadership DL and bullying behavior.

Effect of Role-Inducing Instructions on Performance on a New Test of Creative Thinking

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-924
Author(s):  
Alan D. Price
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Validity Data ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Instructional Set

The Modified Bennett Test (MBT) is briefly described and preliminary reliability and validity data are provided by a report of the results of a study in which it was used to test the effects of role-inducing instructions on creative thinking. Ss came for 2 sessions in which they were given an instructional set to assume the role of either an unregulated character or a regulated character. Subsequent to the role-inducing instructions, Ss responded to half of the items of the MBT. The role-inducing instructions and the items of the MBT were counterbalanced in a repeated measures design with each S serving as his own control. It was hypothesized that the responses given in the unregulated condition would, in general, be more creative than those given in the regulated condition. The hypothesis was confirmed.

scholarly journals Diseños de observación longitudinales: cambio intra-individual y diferencias inter-individuales observados durante la infancia

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Escolano-Pérez ◽  
Angel Blanco-Villaseñor
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Multivariate Data Analysis ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Research Designs

<p>The study of change in repeated measures studies or longitudinal studies (cross-sectional and/or cross-sequential) is of considerable interest in the field of developmental psychology. Qualitative and quantitative measures of interindividual and intraindividual variability can be used to capture changes in cognitive development.</p><p>In the present study, through an empirical analysis of infant cognitive development, we investigate whether or not longitudinal (cross-sectional/cross-sequential) research designs can be used interchangeably with univariate or multivariate data analysis techniques. Methodologically, longitudinal data can be processed by univariate or multivariate analysis. However, the results and their interpretation may be different, even when the necessary statistical requirements are performed. Current statistical programs incorporate techniques to test for the presence of significant differences in data, regardless of whether these are evaluated by univariate or multivariate analysis.</p>The results of this study, conducted in infants studied at three time points (18, 21 and 24 months), show that both intraindividual and interindividual variability can be detected by repeated measures analyses.

scholarly journals SAKSI PERILAKU BULLYING: DIAM ATAU MEMBELA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Betie Febriana
Keyword(s):  
Student Motivation ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Reduction Program ◽  
Bullying Behavior

Saksi dari kejadian bullying mempunyai peran penting untuk mencegah bullying. Beberapa studi menyebutkan bahwa saksi dapat menjadi kunci dalam menentukan intervensi yang tepat program reduksi bullying. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui factor dasar yeng mempengaruhi saksi dalam bertindak. Apakah mereka memilih diam, menjadi pembela atau bahkan ikut serta mem-bully. Studi ini merupakan studi cross sectional dilakukan di sekolah berasrama dengan sample 98 (total sampling) dengan kriteria siswa yang menyaksikan bullying satu bulan terakhir dan siswa yang sehat fisik. Hasil studi ini bahwa jenis kelamin dan umur berpengaruh dengan kekuatan sedang pada pilihan perilaku saksi dan berdasarkan uji nakergel bahwa faktor ini mempengaruhi 27% dari semua factor yang ada. Dibutuhkan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui pengaruh factor lain. Peran pengawas asrama dan guru penting untuk meningkatkan motivasi siswa membantu korban dan mencegah bullying.   Kata Kunci: Saksi; Bullying; Sekolah.   BULLYING BEHAVIOR WITNESS: SILENCE OR DEFEND   ABSTRACT Bystanders of bullying have an important role to prevent bullying. Some studies suggest that bystander can be key in determining the appropriate intervention for the bullying reduction program. Therefore, this study aims to find out the basic factors that influence bystander in acting. Whether they choose to be silent, become defender or even participate in bullying. This study is a cross sectional, conducted in a boarding school with a sample of 98 (total sampling) with the criteria of students who bystander in the past month and physically healthy students. The results of this study show that gender and age influence with moderate strength on the choice of witness behavior and based on the nakergel test that this factor affects 27% of all existing factors. Further research is needed to determine the effect of other factors. The role of dormitory supervisors and teachers is important to increase student motivation to help victims and prevent bullying.   Keywords: Bystander; Bullying; School

Effects of Built-in Audio versus Unrelated Background Music on Performance in an Adventure Role-Playing Game

2014 ◽  
pp. 142-164
Author(s):  
Siu-Lan Tan ◽  
John Baxa ◽  
Matthew P. Spackman
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Orientation Session ◽  
Multisensory Cues ◽  
Role Playing Game

This article presents an empirical study of the role of video game audio on performance. Twenty participants played The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess on the Wii console for a 45-minute session on five consecutive days. Employing a repeated measures design, the authors exposed players to one orientation session and four sound conditions, i.e., silence, remote control sounds, remote control and screen sounds, and unrelated music played on a boom-box, in a counterbalanced order. Performance was weakest when playing without sound, increasingly stronger with audio emitted by remote control only, and by remote-and-screen respectively. Surprisingly, the highest scores were earned when playing with music that was unrelated to players’ actions or events unfolding on screen. These findings point to the challenges of processing multisensory cues during the initial stages of an elaborate role-playing game, and suggest that the most effective players swiftly develop strategies incorporating task-relevant information conveyed by both sound and images.

Physical activity profiling during pregnancy: Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour by scrutinising the role of past behaviour.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlize DE VIVO ◽  
Hayley Mills
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Activity Profiling ◽  
Novel Concept

Objectives: To examine the predictive utility of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in explaining pregnant women’s physical activity intentions and behaviour and to scrutinise the role of past behaviour within this context. Method: A repeated measures design required pregnant women to complete the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) and TPB questionnaires on two occasions. Using published guidance, both formative and definitive stages were implemented as part of a comprehensive and robust approach to the construction of a TPB questionnaire. Results: Firstly, when considering the original TPB, intention emerged as the strongest determinant of pregnant women’s PA behaviour. Secondly, controlling for past behaviour attenuated the influence of intention and PBC on behaviour with neither of the original variables providing a unique influence. Finally, the addition of past behaviour led to an increase in the predictive utility of the TPB. Conclusion: Utilising the TPB as a flexible framework revealed the importance of contextual changes in the explanation of PA intention and behaviour during pregnancy. Physical activity profiling of pregnant women is proposed as a novel concept to present healthcare professionals and researchers with the opportunity to introduce tailored support based on motivation and behaviour status.

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