scholarly journals How self-reflection and resilience can affect pre-competition anxiety? Evidence from national competitive table tennis in adolescent players

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Pearson Correlations

AbstractAlthough previous studies have investigated pre-competition anxiety (PCA), the research examining how to promote the development of self-reflection and resilience in order to regulate PCA is limited. This study has three aims: to examine group differences age, gender, sport level, and exercise duration in (PCA), self-reflection and resilience; to test the relationships between PCA, self-reflection, and resilience; and to determine whether self-reflection and resilience can predict PCA. The included 82 male and 105 female adolescent Chinese table tennis player (ages 12–19). SPSS 25.0 software has used to drive ANOVA, Pearson correlations and regression analysis. The main result was that Pearson correlations demonstrated the strongest relationship between PCA, self-reflection, and resilience. The regression analysis model proved that self-insight predicted cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence; interpersonal assistance and emotional control predicted self-confidence; and emotional control predicted cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety. The result of this study were consistent with those of previous studies: there was a significant relationship between PCA, self-reflection and resilience when using the Chinese Adolescent Resilience Scale, and there were some differences in the test of group differences. However, this study uncovered new evidence that interpersonal assistance and emotional control can predict PCA. Further research should focus on cross-cultural differences in the process of cultivating athlete self-reflection and resilience.

Trait-State Anxiety, Worry, Emotionality, and Self-Confidence in Top-Level Soccer Players

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Man ◽  
Iva Stuchlíková ◽  
Pavel Kindlmann
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Cognitive Interference ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Spielberger’s trait-state anxiety theory suggests that persons high in trait anxiety have a greater tendency to perceive an ego-involving situation as threatening, and hence, they are expected to respond to this situation with elevated state anxiety (A-state). To test this hypothesis measurements of A-trait (low vs. high) as a between-subjects factor, measurements of stress level (low vs. high) as a within-subjects factor, and measurements of state anxiety, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, self-confidence, and cognitive interference as dependent variables were made on 45 top-level soccer players. Statistical analysis revealed a significant person-situation interaction only in self-confidence. The lack of sensitivity in the state anxiety scores can be ascribed to the fact that soccer players play important games regularly and so become desensitized to precompetitive anxiety responses. A subsequent multiple regression analysis showed that task irrelevant cognitions are correlated only with cognitive anxiety and not with either self-confidence or somatic anxiety.

scholarly journals Mental toughness as predictor of state anxiety of Serbian athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Ivana Zubić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
The One

The goal of this research was to test whether and to what extent mental toughness contribute to the explanation of state anxiety in athletes. This study relied on a multidimensional construct of anxiety which includes somatic and cognitive anxiety. Dimensions of anxiety were measured with “Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2” (cognitive and somatic anxiety), and mental toughness was measured with “Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire”. The research sample consisted of 117 athletes, 67 men and 50 women, who have been actively engaged in various competitive sports. The structure of the sample by age was: 64 athletes are from 20 to 25 years old; 19 respondents aged 25 to 30; 31 athletes aged 30 to 35; and 4 respondents are over 35 years old. The results showed statistically significant correlations between dimensions and overall mental toughness on the one hand and cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety on the other. Multiple regression analysis was conducted with the aim of predicting the dimensions of anxiety based on mental toughness. Based on the dimensions of mental toughness, 25% of the variability of cognitive anxiety and 22% of somatic anxiety were explained. Self-confidence as a dimension of mental strength is a predictor of all dimensions of the state of anxiety. This study has indicated a great significance of developing athletes’ mental toughness with the goal of reducing anxiety and achieving better performance in competitions.

Do Anxious Swimmers Swim Slower? Reexamining the Elusive Anxiety-Performance Relationship

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Burton
Keyword(s):  
Low Complexity ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Moderate Complexity ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this investigation was to utilize a multidimensional measure of anxiety and a more sensitive intraindividual performance measure to evaluate the relationship between anxiety and performance. Three hypotheses were tested. First, cognitive anxiety is more consistently and strongly related to performance than is somatic anxiety. Second, somatic anxiety demonstrates an inverted-U relationship with performance, whereas self-confidence and performance exhibit a positive linear relationship and cognitive anxiety and performance exhibit a negative one. Finally, short duration and high and low complexity events demonstrate stronger relationships between somatic anxiety and performance than do long duration or moderate complexity events. Two samples of swimmers completed the CSAI-2 prior to competition, and performance data were obtained from meet results. Correlational and multiple regression analyses generally supported Hypotheses 1 and 3, while polynomial trend analyses on standardized CSAI-2 scores confirmed trends predicted in Hypothesis 2. Overall, these results not only revealed that improved instrumentation allows demonstration of consistent anxiety-performance relationships, but they also provided additional construct validity for the CSAI-2.

The Interactive Effects of Intensity and Direction of Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety and Self-Confidence upon Performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Edwards ◽  
Lew Hardy
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Catastrophe Model ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Catastrophe Models

This study examines intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety symptoms, and the interactive influence of anxiety subcomponents upon netball performance. Netball players (N = 45) completed the modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) and a retrospective performance measure over a season, utilizing an intraindividual design. The modified CSAI-2 includes a direction scale assessing the facilitative or debilitative interpretation of the original intensity symptoms. Although the facilitative influence of anxiety upon performance did not emerge directly through the direction scale, a significant interaction emerged from the two-factor Cognitive Anxiety × Physiological Arousal quadrant analyses, suggesting that anxiety may enhance performance, as proposed by catastrophe model predictions. Findings also highlighted the importance of self-confidence for possible inclusion in higher order catastrophe models.

Is Self-Confidence a Bias Factor in Higher-Order Catastrophe Models? An Exploratory Analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lew Hardy ◽  
Tim Woodman ◽  
Stephen Carrington
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Catastrophe Model ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Bias Factor ◽  
Median Split ◽  
And Performance

This paper examines Hardy’s (1990, 1996a) proposition that self-confidence might act as the bias factor in a butterfly catastrophe model of stress and performance. Male golfers (N = 8) participated in a golf tournament and reported their cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence prior to their tee shot on each hole. All anxiety, self-confidence, and performance scores were standardized within participants in order to control for individual differences. The data were then collapsed across participants and categorized into a high self-confidence condition and a low self-confidence condition by means of a median split. A series of two-way (Cognitive Anxiety × Somatic Anxiety) ANOVAs was conducted on each self-confidence condition in order to fag where the maximum Cognitive Anxiety × Somatic Anxiety interaction effect size lay along the somatic anxiety axis. These ANOVAs revealed that the maximum interaction effect size between cognitive and somatic anxiety was at a higher level of somatic anxiety for the high self-confidence condition than for the low self-confidence condition, thus supporting the moderating role of self-confidence in a catastrophe model framework.

Antecedents Of, Temporal Changes In, and Relationships between CSAI-2 Subcomponents

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gould ◽  
Linda Petlichkoff ◽  
Robert S. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Multivariate Multiple Regression ◽  
And Performance

Two studies were conducted to examine antecedents of, relationships between, and temporal changes in the cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and the self-confidence components of the Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, and Smith (1983) newly developed Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). In addition, the prediction that cognitive and somatic anxiety should differentially influence performance was examined. In Study 1, 37 elite intercollegiate wrestlers were administered the CSAI-2 immediately before two different competitions, whereas in Study 2, 63 female high school volleyball players completed the CSAI-2 on five different occasions (1 week, 48 hrs, 24 hrs, 2 hrs, and 20 min) prior to a major tournament. The results were analyzed using multiple regression, multivariate multiple regression, univariate and multivariate analyses of variance, and general linear model trend analysis techniques. The findings supported the scale development work of Martens and his colleagues by verifying that the CSAI-2 assesses three separate components of state anxiety. A number of other important findings also emerged. First, the prediction was confirmed that somatic anxiety increases during the time leading to competition, while cognitive anxiety and confidence remain constant. Second, CSAI-2 subscales were found to have different antecedents, although the precise predictions of Martens and his colleagues were not supported. Third, the prediction that cognitive anxiety would be a more powerful predictor of performance than somatic anxiety was only partially supported. Fourth, the prediction that precompetitive anxiety differences between experienced and inexperienced athletes initially found by Fenz (1975) result from somatic anxiety changes was not supported. It was concluded that the CSAI-2 shows much promise as a multidimensional sport-specific state anxiety inventory, although more research is needed to determine how and why specific antecedent factors influence various CSAI-2 components and to examine the predicted relationships between CSAI-2 components and performance.

scholarly journals Antecedents of State Anxiety in Rugby

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Lane ◽  
Jody S. E. Rodger ◽  
Costas I. Karageorghis
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety

The purpose of this study was to extend research investigating the antecedents of multidimensional state anxiety into the sport of rugby. Participants ( N = 86; age: M = 23.7 yr., SD = 4.8 yr.) completed a 10-item Prematch Questionnaire developed to assess the antecedents of anxiety and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 1 hr. prior to competition. Factor analysis of intercorrelations of scores on the Prematch Questionnaire indicated that three factors accounted for 63.3% of the variance. These were labelled Perceived Readiness, Match Conditions, and Coach Influence. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that Perceived Readiness predicted rated Self-confidence and Somatic Anxiety. Game conditions also predicted Self-confidence. Collectively, these factors accounted for 30% of Self-confidence and 11% of Somatic Anxiety. No factor predicted Cognitive Anxiety. Findings support the notion that each sport has unique stressors and that researchers should seek sport-specific measures of the antecedents of anxiety.

scholarly journals Análisis del perfil sociodemográfico, deportivo y psicológico en una práctica de escalada deportiva de estudiantes universitarios (Analysis of sociodemographic, sport and psychological profile in a rock-climbing experience on university students)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Pablo Morilla Portela ◽  
Socorro Rebollo Rico ◽  
Antonio Baena Extremera ◽  
María Teresa Miranda León ◽  
Manuel Alfonso Martínez Marín
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Rock Climbing ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

La relación entre diversos factores psicológicos y la práctica de escalada ha quedado demostrada desde hace tiempo, sin embargo, la mayoría de los trabajos realizados se limitan a situaciones muy artificiales y alejadas de la naturaleza. Muy pocos son los estudios que han llevado a cabo este tipo de investigaciones en el medio natural y han combinado la recogida de datos con una práctica real de escalada. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recogida de datos han sido dos cuestionarios: el CSAI-2 y uno específicamente diseñado para recoger la información deseada sobre características sociodemográficas y hábitos deportivos. En nuestro trabajo hemos analizado diversas características de los participantes (perfiles sociodemográfico, deportivo general y deportivo como practicante de actividades físicas en el medio natural) y hemos comprobado cómo se relacionan entre ellas y su correlación con diferentes factores psicológicos (ansiedad cognitiva, ansiedad somática y autoconfianza). A través de éste artículo se evidencia como hay un porcentaje mayor de participantes mujeres que de hombres que escalan IV y V grado, mientras que en grados superiores los porcentajes se igualan. En lo referente a aspectos psicológicos, podemos apreciar como aquellos sujetos que escalan grados de mayor dificultad y que tienen un mayor interés por la práctica de la escalada, experimentan por un lado menores niveles de ansiedad somática y cognitiva y por otro, mayores niveles de autoconfianza.Palabras clave: Escalada deportiva, ansiedad cognitiva, ansiedad somática y autoconfianza.Abstract: The relationships among several psychological factors in rock climbing was proved a long time ago, nevertheless, most researches are limited to very artificial situations, far away from nature. There are few studies which have carried out this kind of investigation in the natural environment and have combined data collection with real rock climbing practice. The instruments used for this data collection were two questionnaires: CSAI-2 and another one specifically designed to gather the necessary information about sociodemographic characteristic and sport habits. In our work we have studied various individuals’ features (sociodemographic, general sport and outdoor profiles) and we have confirmed how they are interrelated and their influence on several psychological factors (cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence). Through this article we show that there are higher percentages of women than men participants who climb IV-V grade, whereas in higher grades the percentages equalize. Regarding psychological factors, we can notice how on the one hand those participants who climb higher grades and are more interested in rock climbing, feel lower cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety, while on the other hand they feel higher self-confidence levels.Key words: Rock climbing, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence.

scholarly journals Sports Pre-Competitive Anxiety Levels among Good and Poor Performing Intercollegiate Athletes

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 515-519
Author(s):  
Dr. Farooq Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Shah ◽  
Azmat Ali
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
T Test ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletes ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Pre-competitive anxiety refers to the unpleasant emotional state of individuals. It is normal for every athlete to feel nervous before a sports competition. The pre-competitive anxiety levels in the current study examined three features i.e. somatic anxiety, self-confidence, and cognitive anxiety between the sample of poor and good performing athletes. The assessment has been made by using competitive state anxiety inventory -2 (CSAI-2), which is composed of 27 items distributed in equal three subscales of pre-competitive anxiety. The sample of the study was composed of 180 performers of different sports, into groups of 90 each good and poor performer whose ages were between 16 to 27 years. Data collected has been analyzed using a T-test. A significant difference has been found in all of the components of pre-competitive anxiety i.e. cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, and somatic anxiety among good performers and poor performers.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Pre-competition and Post-competition State Anxiety Levels of Russian Women’s National Volleyball Team Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Mustafa Önder Şekeroğlu
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Competition State ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Tactical Training ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
The Impact

This study of 14 Russian women’s national volleyball team athletes aimed to determine their pre-competition and post-competition state anxiety levels according to some variables. This descriptive study used the Competition State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) developed by Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump and Smith (1990). This inventory has 9 items in 3 sub-factors: cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence.A comparison of the pre-competition and post-competition anxiety levels found no statistically significant differences in cognitive anxiety (p>0.05), somatic anxiety (p>0.05) and self-confidence (p>0.05). The highest pre-competition somatic anxiety score fell after the competition, while cognitive anxiety and self-confidence increased after the competition when it was low. There were no statistically significant differences in the athletes’ pre-competition and post-competition anxiety levels by age or income. Considering that success does not occur without a certain level of anxiety, coaches should consider the impact of psychological factors in technical and tactical training.

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