Application of GC, GC-MSD, ICP-MS and Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Chemical Composition and In Vitro Bioactivities of Chroogomphus rutilus: The Edible Mushroom Species

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate chemical composition, in vitro fermentation and digestibility of dried and ensiled indigofera, papaya and moringa leaves. The leaves were subjected to artificial drying in an oven at 60oC for 24 h and ensiling treatment for 30 d under room temperature. Dried and ensiled samples were determined for chemical composition, silage fermentation characteristics and in vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility. The experimental design was a factorial design 3 × 2 in which the first factor was different leaves (indigofera, papaya and moringa) and the second factor was conservation treatments (drying and ensiling). Determination of chemical composition was performed in duplicate whereas in vitro evaluation was conducted in three replicates. Results showed that ensiling treatment decreased CP contents of indigofera and moringa but not papaya leaves. Ensiling also decreased NDF and NDICP contents of all experimental leaves in comparison to drying treatment. The pH of all silages was high and they were characterized with high ammonia concentrations. Ensiled indigofera tended to have lower IVDMD and IVOMD as compared to dried indigofera (P<0.1). It can be concluded that ensiling of high protein forages leads to considerable extent of proteolysis.

Download Full-text

Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of nine plant species from Semnan rangeland for camel in Iran

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200021360 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 233-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Armin Towhidi ◽

Farnoush Rostami ◽

Reza Masoumi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Plant Species ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Poor Quality ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Arid Rangelands

In Iran, Javan (2001) has reported the digestibility some arid rangelands plants by bovine rumen liquor. The determination of in vivo digestibility of wheat straw implies that camel apparently digested poor quality roughages more than cattle and sheep (Cianci et al., 2004). Therefore, It is required to measure the in vitro digestibility of herbages by camel rumen liquor. In province of yazd, nutritive value of 11 different plant species for camel were determined (Towhidi, 2007). The objectives of the current study were to determine 1) the chemical composition, gross energy of the most consuming plant species from rangeland of Semnan province including Seidlitzia rosmarinu, Tamarix tetragyna, Tamarix strica, Halostachys spp, Saudea fruticosa., Alhagi camelorum, Haloxylon ammondendron., Salsola arbescola, Hammada salicornica and, 2) in vitro digestibility of the plants by camel rumen liquor.

Download Full-text

Determination of S-containing drug metabolites from in vitro and in vivo metabolism studies by using LC-ICP/MS

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s00216-012-6145-x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 404 (2) ◽

pp. 539-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Cristina Losada ◽

Joan J. Albertí ◽

Javier Saurina ◽

Sonia Sentellas

Keyword(s):

In Vivo Metabolism ◽

Drug Metabolites ◽

Icp Ms

Download Full-text

Digestibility and chemical composition of fractions of lucerne during spring and summer

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600016877 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 213-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

K. R. Christian ◽

D. B. Jones ◽

M. Freer

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Time Of Year ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Leaf Composition

SUMMARYBulk harvests of primary growth were made at intervals during the spring and summer of 2 consecutive years from an ungrazed area of lucerne (Medicago sativa) and the digestibility by sheep was measured. At the same times, shoots of known length representative of the sward were collected, divided into 7·5 cm lengths, and separated into leaf and stem for the determination of ash, nitrogen, cellulose, and in vitro organic matter digestibility.Digestibility and leaf: stem ratio of the bulk harvests decreased and dry matter increased as the season advanced. Leaf composition changed little, but stem increased in lignin and decreased in ash and in vitro digestibility. In vitro digestibility and leaf: stem ratio were highly correlated with sheep digestibility.Chemical composition of shoots of known heights was similar to that of the bulk harvests. Leaf weights/shoot tended to increase linearly with height of shoot, whereas stem increased nearly as the square of the height. Dry matter of leaf and stem were inversely related to leaf:stem ratio. Stem digestibility decreased with leaf:stem ratio and with increase in shoot height.Chemical components of shoot fractions were associated with each other and were largely dependent on the distance from the top of the shoot at which they had been taken, irrespective of shoot height or time of year. Bottom stems had lower ash, nitrogen and digestibility but higher cellulose, dry weight and dry matter than top stems, whose composition approached that of leaves. Leaf fractions showed little consistent trend with position on the shoot.Some of the difficulties in studying changes in plant composition under field conditions are discussed.

Download Full-text

Studying the Cellular Distribution of Highly Phototoxic Platinated Metalloporphyrins Using Isotope Labelling

10.26434/chemrxiv.12529565 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Riccardo Rubbiani ◽

Wenyu Wu ◽

Anu Naik ◽

Michele Larocca ◽

Lukas Schneider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Cellular Distribution ◽

Isotopic Labelling ◽

Isotope Labelling ◽

Anticancer Properties ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Cell Penetrating

We report the synthesis of novel tetraplatinated metalloporphyrin-based photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT), their characterization, cellular uptake and localization, as well as the determination of their in vitro light-induced anticancer properties. The PSs show excellent phototoxic indexes up to 5800 against HeLa cells, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest value reported for any porphyrin so far. Furthermore, isotopic labelling of the porphyrin with a highly enriched 67Zn isotope was performed in order to determine the distribution ratio of zinc to platinum by ICP-MS, allowing to differentiate between naturally occurring zinc and 67Zn that was introduced into the cells by the PS. We conclude that the platinum units within the platinum-PS conjugates help to solubilize the PS and, at the same time, act as cell-penetrating vectors, enhancing the efficiency of the PS without causing a significant dark toxicity.

Download Full-text

Determination of the chemical composition of medieval glazed pottery from Drastar (Bulgaria) using PIXE/PIGE and LA-ICP-MS

ArchéoSciences ◽

10.4000/archeosciences.4894 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 69-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valentina Lyubomirova ◽

Žiga Šmit ◽

Helena Fajfar ◽

Ivelin Kuleff

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Icp Ms

Download Full-text

Determination of in Vitro Antioxidant Enzyme Capacity and Oxidative Stress Levels in Mazı Meşesi (Quercus infectoria)

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v9i4.814-817.4254 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 814-817

Author(s):

İlter Demirhan ◽

Büşra Çitil ◽

Mehmet Özyurt ◽

Meltem Güngör ◽

Erkan Öner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quercus Infectoria

South East Anatolia Region has a large genetic plant diversity due to its physical and different climatic charesteristics. These plants are potential sources of antioxidants that prevent oxidative stress caused by oxygen and photons. In recent years, it has become important to study the antioxidant capacity of many molecules found naturally in foods and biological systems. The reason for this is that it is believed that when the consumption of food rich in antioxidants is increased, the risk of developing different degenerative diseases will be reduced. In this study, it was aimed to measure the antoxidant capacity of Quercus infectoria, G.olivier gal seeds grown in Southeastern Anatolia. Q. infectoria gal seeds from Sanlıurfa province were used in our study. Q. infectoria gal seeds were extracted with water, ethanol and methanol and then antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and malondialdehyde levels, which are indicators of oxidative stress were determined by spectrophotometric methods. It was found that the antioxidant capacity (catalase and superoxide dismutase activities) of extracts obtained from ethanol and methanol were higher and their malondialdehyde levels were statistically lower than those obtained from water. However, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels of the extracts obtained from methanol compared to the extracts obtained from ethanol. It has been concluded that Q. infectoria gal seed has a effective antioxidant effect. In addition, it was observed that extracts obtained from ethanol and methanol have higher antioxidant capacity than extracts obtained from water.

Download Full-text

Spectrophotometric determination of niclosamide Via Schiff ’s base formulations in pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations

Innovaciencia Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales ◽

10.15649/2346075x.512 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Othman N S ◽

Saleem I T

Keyword(s):

Nitro Group ◽

Acidic Medium ◽

Zinc Powder ◽

Apicomplexan Parasite ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Optimum Ph ◽

Colored Product ◽

Blank Solution

Introduction: Niclosamide(NICS) its chemical name 5-chloro-N-(2- chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxybenz-amide]is the only commercially existing molluscicide optional by the WHO for large extent use in schistosomiasis be in charge of programs . NICS and its two new synthesized derivatives constructed to float on the water surface were able to kill cercariae, also obsessed promising activity in vitro nearby to an apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma (4). Few spectrophotometric methods have been reported for the estimation of NICS as pure and in formulations, approximately these methods depend on reduction of nitro group (almost with zinc powder in acidic medium) followed by reaction with different reagents. The method based on reduction of nitro group of NICS then reaction of reduced-NICS with para- N,N dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in non-aqueous medium (methanol) to form a colored product that has been proved successfully for the estimation of NICS in pharmaceutical and veterinary formulations Material and method :All reagents used are of analytical grade and are obtained from Fluka or Aldrich , NICS wassupplied from SIGMA companies. Methanolic solution of para- N,N- dimethylanimobenzaldehyde (Fluka)3%, weighing 3 g and dissolved in 100 ml methanol in a volumetric flask. All other reagents were prepared bydissolving the propriety weight in perfect solvent. A volume in the range of 0.1 to 1.7 ml of 100 µg.ml-1RNICS solution was transferred to 10 ml calibrated flasks.2ml of PNNDMABA (3.0 %) was added, and the volume was made up to 10 ml by adding methanol. The yellow Schiff ’s base was measured at 454 nm versus a blank solution. Results and Discussion:The optimum pH for reaction of NICS with para-N, N-dimethylanimobenzaldehyde equal to 3 which resulted by mixing the components of the reaction. The absorbance increase with increasing reagent concentration (para-N,N- dimethylanimobenzaldehyde) and reached maximum on adding volume of 2.0 ml of (3%), which also gives the highest value of determination coefficient (R2).The experimental data indicated that methanol was the optimum solvent used in dilution according to high intensity of Schiff ’s base and the good stability. The formation of the yellow Schiff ’s base being complete after mixing the components of reaction and the absorbance remained constant for at least 2 hours. Conclusion: Accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method was described for the estimation of NICS. The present method has been successfully applied for the estimation of NICS in pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations.

Download Full-text