Exogenous melatonin trigger biomass accumulation and production of stress enzymes during callogenesis in medicinally important Prunella vulgaris L. (Selfheal)

The atmospheric CO2 concentration (a[CO2]) is increasing at an unprecedented pace. Exogenous melatonin plays positive roles in the response of plants to abiotic stresses, including drought and cold. The effect of elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) accompanied by exogenous melatonin on plants under drought and cold stresses remains unknown. Here, tomato plants were grown under a[CO2] and e[CO2], with half of the plants pre-treated with melatonin. The plants were subsequently treated with drought stress followed by cold stress. The results showed that a decreased net photosynthetic rate (PN) was aggravated by a prolonged water deficit. The PN was partially restored after recovery from drought but stayed low under a successive cold stress. Starch content was downregulated by drought but upregulated by cold. The e[CO2] enhanced PN of the plants under non-stressed conditions, and moderate drought and recovery but not severe drought. Stomatal conductance (gs) and the transpiration rate (E) was less inhibited by drought under e[CO2] than under a[CO2]. Tomato grown under e[CO2] had better leaf cooling than under a[CO2] when subjected to drought. Moreover, melatonin enhanced PN during recovery from drought and cold stress, and enhanced biomass accumulation in tomato under e[CO2]. The chlorophyll a content in plants treated with melatonin was higher than in non-treated plants under e[CO2] during cold stress. Our findings will improve the knowledge on plant responses to abiotic stresses in a future [CO2]-rich environment accompanied by exogenous melatonin.

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Exogenous melatonin promotes biomass accumulation and photosynthesis of kiwifruit seedlings under drought stress

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/j.scienta.2018.10.058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 246 ◽

pp. 34-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Dong Liang ◽

Zhiyou Ni ◽

Hui Xia ◽

Yue Xie ◽

Xiulan Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Exogenous Melatonin

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Effects of ageing and exogenous melatonin on pituitary responsiveness to GnRH in rats

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/reprod/119.1.151 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 151-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

E Diaz ◽

D Pazo ◽

AI Esquifino ◽

B Diaz

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Reproductive System ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Pituitary Hormones ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Groups ◽

Melatonin Treatment ◽

Exogenous Melatonin ◽

Reproductive Axis ◽

Effect Of Age

The effect of age and melatonin on the activity of the neuroendocrine reproductive system was studied in young cyclic (3-5 months-old), and old acyclic (23-25 month-old) female rats. Pituitary responsiveness to a bolus of GnRH (50 ng per 100 g body weight) was assessed at both reproductive stages in control and melatonin-treated (150 micrograms melatonin per 100 g body weight each day for 1 month) groups. After this experiment, female rats were treated for another month to study the influence of ageing and melatonin on the reproductive axis. Plasma LH, FSH, prolactin, oestradiol and progesterone were measured. A positive LH response to GnRH was observed in both control groups (cyclic and acyclic). However, a response of greater magnitude was observed in old acyclic rats. Melatonin treatment reduced this increased response in acyclic rats and produced a pituitary responsiveness similar to that of young cyclic rats. FSH secretion was independent of GnRH administration in all groups, indicating desynchronization between LH and FSH secretion in response to GnRH in young animals and during senescence. No effect on prolactin was observed. Significantly higher LH (3009.11 +/- 1275.08 pg ml(-1); P < 0.05) and FSH concentrations (5879.28 +/- 1631.68 pg ml(-1); P < 0.01) were seen in acyclic control rats. After melatonin treatment, LH (811.11 +/- 89.71 pg ml(-1)) and FSH concentrations (2070 +/- 301.62 pg ml(-1)) decreased to amounts similar to those observed in young cyclic rats. However, plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone were not reduced. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that, during ageing, the effect of melatonin is exerted primarily at the hypothalamo-pituitary axis rather than on the ovary. Melatonin restored the basal concentrations of pituitary hormones and pituitary responsiveness to similar values to those observed in young rats.

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FEATURES OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF ANCIENT AND MODERN VARIETIES OF WINTER RYE

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/6/15-19 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

A. A. Torop ◽

V. V. Chaykin ◽

E. A. Torop ◽

I. S. Brailova ◽

S. A. Kuzmenko

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Unit Area ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Potential Productivity ◽

Productivity Potential

We compared peculiarities of the production process of the older and modern(created 80 years after) sorts of winter rye. It is determined that the specific coenotic productivity of a modern sort is 60.6% higher.This increase is due to higher number of productive sprouts per unit area and higher sprout weight. The coenosis of modern sorts is highly resistant to lodging. The modern sort has a 33.5% higher leaf surface index and a 17.7% higher share of the leaves in the upper tier, differing in their erectile orientation in space. As for the content of total chlorophyll in the dry matter of leaves and vagina, the modern sort is inferior to the older by 30.2%during theearing period, and by 17.5%during the milky-wax ripeness period.As for the content of total chlorophyll in the sowing area, the compared sorts were practically the same, but the ratio between chlorophyll a and c was noticeably different. As for the chlorophyll content in stems, in dry matter and in the area of sowing, the modern sort is inferior by1.5 times and more to the older in both observation terms. The sorts differed in the biomass accumulation and its distribution between the parts during the vegetation period. To establish the ear productivity, the older sort used only the current photosynthesis products.In conditions of an unfavorable growth year, the modern sort used previously accumulated by leaves and re-utilized assimilates. The actual and potential productivity of an ear in a modern sort is higher by 77.4 and 68.0%, respectively, but the degree of its vegetative mass supply is lower by 48.6%.Only due to the higher, by 77.4%, utilization of the mass of the sprout, the modern sort binds a greater number of grains in the ear with a higherseparate mass.Since the sharp increase in the ear productivity potential was not accompanied by the same growth of the sprout vegetative mass, the modern sort, in unfavorable conditions for growth, has tensions in the relation system between the sprout vegetative mass and pouring grain. This may be the reason of the unstable achievedyield level.

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Roles of JNK and Akt pathways in inhibition of lymphoma cells by Prunella vulgaris

Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1008.2010.00452 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 452-454

Author(s):

Xin-kui LIU ◽

Ling WANG ◽

Ming-zhi ZHANG

Keyword(s):

Prunella Vulgaris ◽

Lymphoma Cells

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Effect of pre-flowering light deficiency on biomass accumulation and physiological characteristics of rice

CHINESE JOURNAL OF ECO-AGRICULTURE ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1011.2011.00347 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 347-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dong YANG ◽

Liu-Sheng DUAN ◽

Hua-An XIE ◽

Zhao-Hu LI ◽

Ting-Xu HUANG

Keyword(s):

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Physiological Characteristics ◽

Light Deficiency

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The Dinitrophenol and Potassium Iodate Influence on Hordeum Vulgare Seedlings Viability\

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.8.6491 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 2160-2166

Author(s):

Elena Todirascu Ciornea ◽

Gabriela Dumitru ◽

Ion Sandu

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Oxygen Radicals ◽

Free Oxygen Radicals ◽

Potassium Iodate ◽

Free Oxygen ◽

Oxidative Stress Enzymes ◽

Stress Enzymes ◽

Seeds Germination

The using of the pesticides of dinitrophenol type in agriculture has as consequence the major pollution of the environment, the plants taking these substances from the soil and once with these ones they reach in the human and animal organism where they product disequilibrium that are interpreted through the accumulation of free oxygen radicals with direct repercussions on the antioxidant enzyme�s synthesis intensification and on their activity�s increase. The apply of treatments on the barley seeds had significant effects regarding the seeds� germination, the young plants� growth, the oxidative stress enzymes� activity, but also regarding the content of photoassimilators and carotenoids pigments.

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Glutamyl and Glutaminyl-tRNA Synthetases Are a Promising Target for the Design of Threonine-Producing Strain

Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.21519/0234-2758-2019-35-6-39-50 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 39-50

Author(s):

T.V. Yuzbashev ◽

A.S. Fedorov ◽

F.V. Bondarenko ◽

A.S. Savchenko ◽

T.V. Vybornaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Trna Synthetase ◽

Temperature Sensitive ◽

Original Strain ◽

Trna Synthetases ◽

Resource Center ◽

Promising Target ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Increase In Productivity ◽

Culture Growth

The present work describes an approach that improves the properties of the strain producing L-threonine via the reduction in the biomass accumulation during fermentation. Glutamyl- and glutaminyl-tRNA synthetases were chosen as targets. Mutants carrying temperature-sensitive alleles were obtained. It was shown that the used system caused the suppression of the function of tRNA synthetases which led to a rapid arrest of the culture growth, and an increase in productivity and yield of the L-threonine synthesis. One of the temperature-sensitive strains was used to obtain under non-permissive conditions of mutants with the suppressed above phenotype. Some of these mutants accumulate less biomass and produce by 10-12% more threonine than the original strain. Escherichia coli, producing strain, threonine, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, ts-mutation This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project code RFMEFI61017X0011), and it was carried out using the equipment of the National Bio-Resource Center All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms, NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GosNIIgenetika.

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The circulating floating bed reactor: effect of particle size distribution of the carrier on ammonia conversion

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0471 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (4-5) ◽

pp. 393-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J.M. Garrido-Fernandez ◽

R. Méndez ◽

J.M. Lema ◽

V. Lazarova

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Size Distribution ◽

G Protein ◽

Biomass Concentration ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Ammonia Removal ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Nitrification Rate ◽

Ammonia Conversion ◽

Biomass Activity

Three Circulating Floating Bed Reactors (CFBR) R1, R2 and R3 with 20% v/v of a plastic carrier with different size distribution were operated to study the effect of the particles size of the carrier on biomass accumulation and nitrification performance. Operating conditions were similar in the three systems: ammonia concentrations around 50 mg-N–NH4+/ L, ammonia loading rates up to 1.2 kg N–NH4+/m3·d and temperatures between 14 and 27°C. Accumulation of nitrite was observed until day 65th. This w as result both of the inhibition of nitrite oxidation by free ammonia until day 20th and the insignificant accumulation of a biomass with low nitrite oxidising capacity between days 20 and 65th. Ammonia conversion rate and removal efficiency were higher in the reactor with lower particle size, R3 (nitrification rate of 1.1 kg N–NH4+/m3·d and ammonia removal of 97% at 16°C), than in R2 or R1 (nitrification rate of 1.0 kg N–NH4+/m3·d and ammonia removal of 90% at 16°C). The better efficiency in R3 was obtained as a result of the higher specific surface of the biofilm developed. Biomass activity was similar in the three reactors (2.2 and 1.12 g N/g protein · d at 30 and 15°C, respectively). Both the biomass evolution with time and biomass retention in the systems was practically not influenced by the size of particle. Biomass concentration of 1.2 g protein/L was retained in the carrier and up to 20% of the newly produced biomass was retained in the CFBRs.

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