scholarly journals Reading Skills, Social Competence, and Physiological Stress in the First Grade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Liisa Jõgi ◽  
Eija Pakarinen ◽  
Asko Tolvanen ◽  
Marja-Kristiina Lerkkanen
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Competence ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
First Grade ◽  
School Day ◽  
Cortisol Levels

AbstractAn awareness of school-related antecedents of children’s physiological stress at the beginning of school helps educators to prevent and mitigate children’s stress, the one of the major obstacles to their well-being and academic progress. We aimed to study the effect of reading skills and social competence on first-grade students’ salivary cortisol levels in natural settings. Based on previous results of the effects of everyday situations on children’s stress according to gender, we expected that both academic and social skills would affect girls’ physiological stress more, compared to boys. Our sample consisted of 277 students (7–8 years old, 50.2% girls). We used the highest salivary cortisol level of three morning samples and a cortisol level from the middle of the school day as physiological stress indicators. Reading skills were assessed by group-administered tests and social competence by teacher ratings. We found that lower reading comprehension skills and lower disruptiveness were related to higher cortisol levels for girls but not for boys. Higher empathy and lower disruptiveness moderated the effect of better reading comprehension on higher psychological stress in the middle of the school day only for girls. By recognizing the antecedents of children’s stress and supporting their academic and social skills, children’s, especially girls’, physiological self-regulation and coping skills in the primary grades will benefit.

Factorial and Predictive Validity of First Graders' Scores on the Early Reading Screening Instrument

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Perney ◽  
Darrell Morris ◽  
Stamey Carter
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Early Reading ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
School Year

The factorial and predictive validity of the Early Reading Screening Instrument was examined for 105 first grade students. Analysis indicated that the test is unidimensional and can predict first grade reading skills at the end of the school year with at least a moderate amount of accuracy. A previous study indicated predictive validity coefficients of .66 and .73 when the criteria were word recognition and reading comprehension. The current study yielded predictive validity coefficients of .67 and .70 for these criteria.

scholarly journals Cortisol, Temperament and Serotonin in Karate Combats: An Evolutionary Psychobiological Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Ponzi ◽  
Harold Dadomo ◽  
Laura Filonzi ◽  
Paola Palanza ◽  
Annalisa Pelosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
Physiological Stress Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
S Allele

Abstract Objectives There is evidence suggesting that in martial arts competitions athletes characterized by higher anxiety and harm avoidance may be more likely to lose a fight. This psychological profile has been hypothesized to explain in part the observation that cortisol is higher in losers before and in response to a competition. An important research target that needs further exploration is the identification of phenotypic traits that can be helpful in predicting athletes’ performance. Here we present a brief description of the theoretical bases that drives our research in the evolutionary psychobiology of sports and illustrate preliminary data on the relationship between the 5HTTLPR genotype, salivary cortisol, temperament and competition. Methods Sixty-five healthy male non-professional athletes provided saliva samples 10 min before and after a kumite session and filled out the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. Results Salivary cortisol levels 10 min before the competition were higher in losers and in athletes with the S allele. Temperament was associated with competition outcome and cortisol: losers were characterized by higher scores of harm avoidance and harm avoidance was positively correlated with cortisol levels. Conclusions The results confirm previous findings linking temperamental traits, pre-and post- competition physiological stress response with competition outcome in kumite fight. Moreover, they indicate an association between the 5HTTLPR polymorphism and pre-competition salivary cortisol, thus providing a preliminary but non-conclusive evidence on the role played by the 5HTTLPR genotype as a vulnerability factor in sport competition.

scholarly journals Assessment and Correction of Stress in Preterm Infants and Their Mothers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Sarapuk ◽  
Halyna Pavlyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Kangaroo Mother Care ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Salivary Cortisol Level ◽  
Baseline Response ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Skin To Skin

Abstract The objective was to study the peculiarities of hormonal stress in preterm infants in the NICU and their mothers, and to investigate how skin-to-skin contact influences it. The study included 60 preterm infants with GA˂32 weeks who were treated in NICU and their mothers. The overall design was a baseline-response design. Saliva was collected before (baseline) and after skin-to-skin contact to measure cortisol by enzyme immunoassay method. Infant baseline salivary cortisol level was 0.587 [0.239; 1,714] µg/dL. It was significantly higher in neonates who had invasive ventilation (1.00 [0.38; 2.44]) µg/dL compared to non-ventilated infants (0.335 [0.156; 1.236]) µg/dL, p = 0.022; and positively correlated with the Apgar score at 1st and 5th minutes (r=-0.36; p = 0.011 and r=-0.34; p = 0.017) and duration of ventilation (r = 0.70; p = 0.0000). Maternal baseline salivary cortisol level was 0.212 [0.123; 0.378]µg/dL. There was significant decreasing of salivary cortisol after Kangaroo mother care with skin-to-skin contact in infants (0.162 [0.111; 0.231]) µg/dL, p˂0.001 and mothers (0.096 [0.077; 0.156]) µg/dL, p˂0.001. Conclusion: Preterm infants in the NICU and their mothers experience stress confirmed by the increased baseline cortisol levels. Kangaroo mother care with skin-to-skin contact reduces the stress and normalizes salivary cortisol levels in both infant and mother in the NICU.

scholarly journals Effects of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Mood States and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Healthy Volunteers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut ◽  
Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi ◽  
Jakkrit Wongwan ◽  
Kanyarat Thiwan ◽  
Wandee Rungseevijitprapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Litsea Cubeba ◽  
Salivary Cortisol Level ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Impact

Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies to improve health. The aromatic essential oils have been used in the treatment procedure through inhalation of essential oil vapor, massage, and herbal bathing. Litsea species are generally used in traditional medicine, and Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon is a potent fumigant plant, used in cosmetics and foods as essence. The chemical composition of the essential oil of different parts of L. cubeba has been found to be varied. L. cubeba essential oil (LEO) is known for the treatment of cognition-associated discomforts. The current study assessed the impact of inhalation of LEO on mood states and salivary cortisol levels of healthy people. Fifteen healthy volunteers were involved in the study. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) Questionnaire and ELISA methods were employed to determine the mood states and salivary cortisol level, respectively. (-)-β-pinene, β-citral, cis- and trans-citral, citronellal, limonene, linalool, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one were detected in LEO by GC-MS analysis. The heart rate and blood pressure were not affected significantly during LEO exposure. The inhalation of LEO significantly improved the total mood disturbance and reduced the confusion among the healthy human subjects. LEO inhalation reduced the salivary cortisol level at a notable level. The results of the current study warrant further studies on the beneficial effect of LEO aromatherapy in healthy and diseased subjects to uncover the therapeutic nature of the L. cubeba plant.

scholarly journals Direct and reciprocal effects among social skills, vocabulary, and reading comprehension in first grade

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Sparapani ◽  
Carol McDonald Connor ◽  
Leigh McLean ◽  
Taffeta Wood ◽  
Jessica Toste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Reciprocal Effects

scholarly journals Influences of executive function, language comprehension, and fluency on young children’s reading comprehension

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Isabelle Chang
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Function Language ◽  
Kindergarten Class

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which children’s executive function predicted their reading comprehension performance. Participants were approximately 18,000 kindergartners in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011. The results suggest that individual differences in reading comprehension were influenced by variations in executive function. Cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory all accounted for unique variance in reading comprehension. Language comprehension and fluency mediated the relations between children’s executive function and their reading comprehension. Working memory accounted for the highest total effect among the three core aspects of executive function. Children’s first-grade language comprehension contributed the most indirect effect, while fluency had the reading comprehension. The importance of considering ways to improve executive function, language comprehension, and fluency when implementing reading instruction and what the parents can do to help their children’s executive function and reading skills are discussed.

scholarly journals Salivary Cortisol as a Biomarker of Stress in Mothers and their Low Birth Weight Infants and Sample Collecting Challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Ranković Janevski ◽  
Ana Đorđević Vujičić ◽  
Svjetlana Maglajić Đukić
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Difference

Summary Background: Salivary cortisol measurement is a non-invasive method suitable for use in neonatal research. Mother-infant separation after birth represents stress and skin-to-skin contact (SSC) has numerous benefits. The aim of the study was to measure salivary cortisol in mothers and newborns before and after SSC in order to assess the effect of SSC on mothers’ and infants’ stress and to estimate the efficacy of collecting small saliva samples in newborns. Methods: Salivary cortisol was measured in 35 mother-infant pairs before and after the first and the fifth SSC in small saliva samples (50 μL) using the high sensitivity Quantitative ELISA-Kit (0.0828 nmol/L) for low cortisol levels detection. Samples were collected with eye sponge during 3 to 5 minutes. Results: Cortisol level in mothers decreased after SSC: the highest levels were measured before and the lowest after SSC and the differences in values were significant during both the first (p<0.001) and the fifth SSC (p<0.001). During the first SSC the cortisol level decrease was detected in 14 (40%) and an increase in 21 (60%) newborns, and during the fifth SSC a decrease was detected in 16 (45.7%) and an increase in 19 (54.3%) newborns, without confirmed significance of the difference. Saliva sampling efficacy using eye sponge was 75%. Conclusions: Cortisol level decrease in mothers proves the stress reduction during SSC, while variable cortisol levels in infants do not indicate stress reduction and imply the need for further research. The used sampling method appeared to be one of the most optimal considering the sample volume, sampling time and efficacy.

scholarly journals Association between caloric intake and work-related stress among nurses in two district hospitals in Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Nagumsi Nuhu ◽  
Joana K Ainuson-Quampah Ainuson-Quampah ◽  
Charles A Brown
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
District Hospitals ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Background: The nursing profession is generally perceived as tedious and stressful and has been shown to be associated with inappropriate caloric intake with its attending consequences of obesity and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This study examined caloric intake and stress levels among nurses.Methods: A cross sectional study design was used, and a total of 85 nurses were sampled from two district level hospitals. Physiological and psychological levels of stress were measured using Salivary Cortisol Enzyme Immunoassay and the Cooper’s life stress inventory questionnaire, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) using height and weight measurements and caloric intake (using food frequency questionnaire and the 24h recall of participants) were also determined. Stress levels were compared to caloric intakes using the Pearson’s correlation test. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists, Version 21. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Participants were mostly females(90.60%) with a mean age±[standard deviation (SD)]of 34.86 ± 6.27 yr.and majority of them (68.20%) were married. More than half (52.94%) of the nurses were in the World Health Organization classification of overweight, with a mean BMI (±SD)of 26.11 ± 2.96 kg/m2. Their mean caloric intake (±SD) off duty (2368.74 ± 259.67 kcal) was significantly higher (p˂ 0.001) compared to that on duty (1784.80 ± 402.84 kcal). When off duty compared to on duty, the nurses also recorded significantly higher (p< 0.001) mean physiological stress scores(±SD)(61.18 ± 7.42 vs 17.12 ± 7.15) and salivary cortisol levels(±SD)(11.79 ± 1.06 μg/μL vs 5.10 ± 1.02 μg/μL). Significant positive correlations were observed for total caloric intakes and salivary cortisol levels for the nurses, both on duty [r = 0.585; 95% confidence interval(CI),0.425-0.780;p<0.001]and off duty (r= 0.316;95% CI, 0.113-0.498;p<0.003).Conclusion:The nurses had high stress levels whiles on duty and this was associated with low caloric intakes. Excessive caloric intakes were observed during off duty periods and associated with relatively lower stress levels.

Abstract TMP28: Serotonin Transporter Polymorphism Impact on Cortisol Level and Outcome After Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Einor Ben Assayag ◽  
Estelle Seyman ◽  
Jeremy Molad ◽  
Oren Tene ◽  
Amos Korczyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
S Allele

Background: The short (s) allele of a polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is related to reduced serotonin transporter efficiency and an increased vulnerability to stress and mental disorders. The 5-HTTLPR s allele was reported as associate with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis reactivity to stress, depression and negatively impact on memory. Acute stroke is associated with elevated cortisol levels as part of the body’s reaction to a stress provoking event. We investigated whether 5-HTT genotype interacts with physiological stress to impact on outcome after stroke. Methods: Data from 485 non-depressed cognitively intact first-ever mild to moderate stroke patients from the TABASCO study were available. Patients underwent 3T MRI scans, saliva cortisol measure and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments at admission, 6, and 12 and 24 months thereafter. Results: Carriers of the 5-HTT-s allele (23.2%) had significantly higher admission bedtime salivary cortisol (p=0.042) and more depressive symptoms 12 and 24 months after the index event (p=0.043, p=0.05, respectively) than non-carriers. Higher admission salivary cortisol levels negatively correlated with hippocampal and amigdalar volume at admission (r=-0.257, p=0.004; r=-0.177, p=0.048, respectively) as well as with lower cognitive and higher depression scores 24 months post-stroke (r=-0.2, p=0.032, r=0.245, p=0.007, respectively). The association between salivary cortisol levels, depressive and cognitive scores was stronger in 5-HTT-s carriers than non-carriers. Conclusions: We report that carriers of the 5-HTT-s allele may be at risk to develop depressive symptoms post-stroke. The interactive effects of the s allele and cortisol levels on hippocampal volume and post-stroke depressive symptoms, as well as cognitive performance, suggest that the negative effect of the serotonin polymorphism on the development of post-stroke depression and cognitive decline is mediated by the HPA axis. Since genetic factors may influence vulnerability to the adverse effects of stress, serotonin receptors may provide a novel target for therapeutics to prevent depression and cognitive deterioration in stroke patients.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND SALIVARY CORTISOL LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH CARIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Annisa Khairani ◽  
Eva Fauziah ◽  
Sarworini B. Budiardjo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Objective: Dental caries can cause pain and discomfort, especially in children. If they remain untreated, they can impact a child’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and trigger the release of salivary cortisol. Many research studies have been conducted to determine the influence of dental caries on the OHRQoL and salivary cortisol levels, but none has described the correlation between them. This research examined the correlation between the OHRQoL and the salivary cortisol levels in children with caries.Methods: This experiment was observational and analytical with a cross-sectional design. The experimental data were statistically analyzed using the Kendall’s tau and Spearman’s rank correlations to compare the OHRQoL and salivary cortisol levels.Results: The results of this study showed that there was a small correlation (r=0.3) between the OHRQoL and salivary cortisol level with a negative trend. This suggests that if the cortisol level slow, the child’s OHRQoL is high. The chronic inflammation caused by dental caries can influence the OHRQoL and trigger the release of cortisol in the saliva.Conclusion: Children with good OHRQoLs have low salivary cortisol levels, suggesting an unstressed condition. Practical implications: Untreated caries may cause pulpitis (represent in decayed, missing, and filled teeth in this study) in children aged 8–10 years old has an impact in their OHRQoL. Meanwhile, salivary cortisol levels as biomarker of inflammation may influence in many factors.

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