Medical Microrobot — A Drug Delivery Capsule Endoscope with Active Locomotion and Drug Release Mechanism: Proof of Concept

Liposomes are attractive carriers for targeted and controlled drug delivery receiving increasing attention in cancer photothermal therapy. However, the field of creating near-infrared nanomaterial-liposome hybrid nanocarriers (NIRN-Lips) is relatively little understood. The hybrid nanocarriers combine the dual superiority of nanomaterials and liposomes, with more stable particles, enhanced photoluminescence, higher tumor permeability, better tumor-targeted drug delivery, stimulus-responsive drug release, and thus exhibiting better anti-tumor efficacy. Herein, this review covers the liposomes supported various types of near-infrared nanomaterials, including gold-based nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials, and semiconductor quantum dots. Specifically, the NIRN-Lips are described in terms of their feature, synthesis, and drug-release mechanism. The design considerations of NIRN-Lips are highlighted. Further, we briefly introduced the photothermal conversion mechanism of NIRNs and the cell death mechanism induced by photothermal therapy. Subsequently, we provided a brief conclusion of NIRNs-Lips applied in cancer photothermal therapy. Finally, we discussed a synopsis of associated challenges and future perspectives for the applications of NIRN-Lips in cancer photothermal therapy.

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Excipients, drug release mechanism and physicochemical characterization methods of Solid lipid nanoparticles

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v11i1-s.4533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1-s) ◽

pp. 139-146

Author(s):

Vasu Deva Reddy Matta

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Lipid Nanoparticles ◽

Release Mechanism ◽

Characterization Methods ◽

Solid Lipid ◽

Drug Release Mechanism

From last thirty years, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) gain much importance as drug delivery vehicle for enhanced delivery of the drugs, proteins, nutraceuticals and cosmetics. SLNs defined as a submicron size range nanoparticle with below 1000 nm and are mainly composed of lipids and surfactants, capable of incorporating both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. SLNs also used as controlled systems, targeted delivery and altered therapeutic efficacy purpose. A wide variety of methods such as double emulsion, solvent evaporation, ultra sonication, high-pressure homogenization and microemulsion used for SLNs production. This review provides the significance of SLNs in drug delivery with highlighting on selection of excipients, drug release mechanism, principles and limitations associated with their physicochemical and surface morphological characterization. Keywords: Solid lipid nanoparticles, enhanced delivery, preparation, characterization, application.

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A Drug Release Mechanism Controlled by Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Balance of the Matrix. Theoretical and Experimental Perspectives

Materiale Plastice ◽

10.37358/mp.20.4.5415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 155-165

Author(s):

Loredana Himiniuc ◽

Maricel Agop ◽

Vlad Ghizdovat ◽

Maria-Alexandra Paun ◽

Vladimir-Alexandru Paun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Controlled Drug Release ◽

Release Mechanism ◽

Drug Release Mechanism ◽

The Matrix ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Physical Forces

Controlled drug release is a promising pathway of biomedicine, meant to suppress side effects with the aim of increasing patient s comfort. A route to achieve this goal represents the encapsulation of drugs into matrixes, capable to develop physical forces, which further can control the drugs release. To this purpose, mathematical modeling is an important tool, which offers the possibility to understand the drug release mechanisms and to further design new performant systems. In this paper, a theoretical model for drug release from an amphiphilic matrix is presented. This is achieved using a conservation multifractal law of probability density followed by validation of the model. Moreover, because non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as diclofenac, are widely used in endometriosis as painkillers for dysmenorrhea management or Asherman syndrome for reducing the endometrial inflammation, some implications of our model for drug delivery systems applied in the field of gynecology have been discussed.

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DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALFUZOSIN HCL GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING MATRIX TABLETS EMPLOYING HPMC K 100M

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.55.11.10741 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (11) ◽

pp. 71-73

Author(s):

Ch. Taraka Ramarao ◽

◽

J Vijaya Ratna ◽

R. B. Srinivasa

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Matrix Tablets ◽

Fickian Diffusion ◽

Release Mechanism ◽

Gastric Residence Time ◽

Drug Release Mechanism ◽

The Matrix ◽

Gastro Retentive

The present investigation involves developing gastro retentive drug delivery systems (GFDDS) of alfuzosin HCl using HPMCK100M a is the matrixing agent and floating enhancer. Sodium bicarbonate in the acidic environment reacts with the acid and produces carbon dioxide. The gastro retentive tablets can be formulated to increase the gastric residence time and thereby increase the oral bioavailability. From the drug release study, it was concluded that the AFTB4 formula of HPMC K 100 M matrix tablets gives the controlled release up to 12 hours by showing increased release with floating lag time 24 seconds. Non – Fickian diffusion was the drug release mechanism from the matrix tablets formulated employing HPMC K 100 M. The matrix tablets (AFTB4) formulated employing 40 % HPMC K 100 M are best suited to be used for gastro retentive dosage form of alfuzosin HCl. Finally, it can be concluded that good candidates for the preparation of gastro retentive dosage forms due its gastric stability, gastric absorption and better bioavailability.

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Anion-induced water flux as drug release mechanism through cationic Eudragit RS 30D film coatings

The AAPS Journal ◽

10.1208/aapsj070367 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. E668-E677 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Karl G. Wagner ◽

Ronny Gruetzmann

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Water Flux ◽

Release Mechanism ◽

Eudragit Rs ◽

Film Coatings ◽

Drug Release Mechanism ◽

Eudragit Rs 30D

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A Prototype Therapeutic Capsule Endoscope for Ultrasound-Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery

Journal of Medical Robotics Research ◽

10.1142/s2424905x18400019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

pp. 1840001 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Fraser Stewart ◽

Antonella Verbeni ◽

Yongqiang Qiu ◽

Ben F. Cox ◽

Jan Vorstius ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Side Effects ◽

Capsule Endoscopy ◽

Targeted Drug Delivery ◽

Capsule Endoscope ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Gi Tract ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Targeted Drug

The prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases such as Crohn’s disease, which is chronic and incurable, are increasing worldwide. Treatment often involves potent drugs with unwanted side effects. The technological–pharmacological combination of capsule endoscopy with ultrasound-mediated targeted drug delivery (UmTDD) described in this paper carries new potential for treatment of these diseases throughout the GI tract. We describe a proof-of-concept UmTDD capsule and present preliminary results to demonstrate its promise as an autonomous tool to treat GI diseases.

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Programmable shape-morphing microrobots for localized cancer cells treatment

10.21203/rs.3.rs-198740/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chen Xin ◽

Dongdong Jin ◽

Yanlei Hu ◽

Liang Yang ◽

Rui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Targeted Drug Delivery ◽

Biological Applications ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Ph Responsive ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Shape Morphing ◽

On Demand ◽

Targeted Drug

Abstract Microrobots have attracted great attentions due to their wide applications in microobjects manipulation and targeted drug delivery. To realize more complex micro/nano cargos manipulation (e.g., encapsulation and release) in biological applications, endowing microrobots with shapes adaptability with the environment is highly desirable. Here, designable shape-morphing microrobots (SMMRs) have been developed by programmatically encoding different expansion rate in a pH-responsive hydrogel. Combined with magnetic propelling, the shape-morphing microcrab (SMMC) is capable of performing targeted microparticle delivery, including gripping, transporting, and releasing through claws morphing. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the shape-morphing microfish (SMMF) is designed to encapsulate drug (doxorubicin (DOX)) by closing mouth in phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH~7.4) and release them by opening mouth in slightly acid solution (pH<7), which realize localized Hela cells treatment in an artificial vascular network. These SMMRs with powerful shape morphing capabilities and remote motion controllability provide new platforms for complex microcargos operation and on-demand drug release.

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