scholarly journals Differential Brain Perfusion Changes Following Two Mind–Body Interventions for Fibromyalgia Patients: an Arterial Spin Labelling fMRI Study

Mindfulness ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Medina ◽  
Owen G. O’Daly ◽  
Matthew A. Howard ◽  
Albert Feliu-Soler ◽  
Juan V. Luciano
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Spin Labelling ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Spin Labelling

Abstract Objectives Further mechanistic insight on mind–body techniques for fibromyalgia (FMS) is needed. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) imaging can capture changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) that relate to spontaneous pain. Methods We recruited FMS patients undergoing either mindfulness-based stress reduction training (MBSR, n = 14) or a psychoeducational programme (FibroQoL, n = 18), and a control FMS group with no add-on treatment (n = 14). We acquired whole-brain rCBF maps and self-report measures at baseline and following treatment and explored interaction effects in brain perfusion between the treatment group and session with a focus on the amygdala, the insula and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Results We identified a significant interaction effect in the amygdala, which corresponded with rCBF decreases following FibroQoL specifically. At baseline, rCBF in the amygdala for the FibroQoL group correlated with pain catastrophizing and anxiety scores, but not after treatment, suggesting a decoupling between activity in the amygdala and negative emotional symptoms of FMS as a consequence of treatment. Baseline rCBF correlated positively with pain symptoms in the ACC and the anterior insula across all patients; moreover, the correlation between rCBF changes post intervention in the insula and pain improvement was negative for both treatments and significantly different from the control group. We suggest that there is disruption of the typical relationship between clinical pain and activity as a product of these two nonpharmacological therapies. Conclusions We have demonstrated that different mind-to-body treatments correspond to differential changes in clinical symptoms and brain activity patterns, which encourages future research investigating predictors of treatment response. Trial Registration  NCT02561416.

scholarly journals Cerebral perfusion changes in presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal dementia: a GENFI study

Brain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 1108-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri J M M Mutsaerts ◽  
Saira S Mirza ◽  
Jan Petr ◽  
David L Thomas ◽  
David M Cash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Arterial Spin Labelling ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Spin Labelling

Abstract Genetic forms of frontotemporal dementia are most commonly due to mutations in three genes, C9orf72, GRN or MAPT, with presymptomatic carriers from families representing those at risk. While cerebral blood flow shows differences between frontotemporal dementia and other forms of dementia, there is limited evidence of its utility in presymptomatic stages of frontotemporal dementia. This study aimed to delineate the cerebral blood flow signature of presymptomatic, genetic frontotemporal dementia using a voxel-based approach. In the multicentre GENetic Frontotemporal dementia Initiative (GENFI) study, we investigated cross-sectional differences in arterial spin labelling MRI-based cerebral blood flow between presymptomatic C9orf72, GRN or MAPT mutation carriers (n = 107) and non-carriers (n = 113), using general linear mixed-effects models and voxel-based analyses. Cerebral blood flow within regions of interest derived from this model was then explored to identify differences between individual gene carrier groups and to estimate a timeframe for the expression of these differences. The voxel-based analysis revealed a significant inverse association between cerebral blood flow and the expected age of symptom onset in carriers, but not non-carriers. Regions included the bilateral insulae/orbitofrontal cortices, anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri, and inferior parietal cortices, as well as the left middle temporal gyrus. For all bilateral regions, associations were greater on the right side. After correction for partial volume effects in a region of interest analysis, the results were found to be largely driven by the C9orf72 genetic subgroup. These cerebral blood flow differences first appeared approximately 12.5 years before the expected symptom onset determined on an individual basis. Cerebral blood flow was lower in presymptomatic mutation carriers closer to and beyond their expected age of symptom onset in key frontotemporal dementia signature regions. These results suggest that arterial spin labelling MRI may be a promising non-invasive imaging biomarker for the presymptomatic stages of genetic frontotemporal dementia.

Effect of the Bullying: The Power to Cope Program on Children's Response to Bullying

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Markopoulos ◽  
Michael E. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Emotional Coping ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Children's Coping ◽  
Experimental Group

This study evaluated the Bullying: The Power to Cope program (Bernard, 2012), which is designed to teach children the ideas espoused in the practice of rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) to employ in response to bullying. Self-report data were collected at pre- and post-test of children's cognitive, behavioural, and emotional coping responses to four written bullying vignettes. At pre-test, children's personal qualities of intrinsic resiliency were also measured. The sample consisted of 139 participants in Melbourne, Australia (n = 80 in the experimental group and n = 59 in the control group), aged from 10 to 14 years. Results indicated children in the experimental group improved in cognitive and emotional coping responses relative to children in the control group. Females showed greater improvement than males in coping responses to bullying as a consequence of the intervention. Entering levels of intrinsic resiliency did not moderate the effects of the intervention program on children's coping responses. The cognitive and emotional coping responses of females to bullying vignettes (pre-test) were significantly more negative and emotionally intense than males. The implications of these findings are discussed, as well as limitations and directions for future research.

scholarly journals Audiological Rehabilitation for Facilitating Hearing Aid Use: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 248-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashir Aazh ◽  
Brian C. J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Hearing Handicap

AbstractThis article reviews and critically analyzes the design of studies on the effect of audiological rehabilitation (AR) programs on hearing aid (HA) outcomes, in order to guide future research.The design of this study was a narrative review. Studies were included in the review if they were randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of AR on HA use and outcome between 2000 and 2016.Seven articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Most used educational rather than counseling approaches. Although educational AR programs seem to be useful in enhancing the use of communication strategies, there is limited evidence for their effect on HA use and self-perceived hearing handicap.More research is needed in this field. Future studies should (1) investigate the efficacy of AR interventions based on counseling and empathetic listening as opposed to or in addition to educational interventions, (2) use stricter criteria to include only a subpopulation of patients who do not get on well with their HAs, (3) measure the amount of HA use via data-logging and self-report questionnaires, and (4) use a matching comparison intervention for patients in the control group.

scholarly journals Effects of red blood cells with reduced deformability on cerebral blood flow and vascular water transport: measurements in rats using time-resolved pulsed arterial spin labelling at 9.4 T

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Bibic ◽  
Tea Sordia ◽  
Erik Henningsson ◽  
Linda Knutsson ◽  
Freddy Ståhlberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Arterial Spin Labelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Spin Labelling

Abstract Background Our aim was to introduce damaged red blood cells (RBCs) as a tool for haemodynamic provocation in rats, hypothesised to cause decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and prolonged water capillary transfer time (CTT), and to investigate whether expected changes in CBF could be observed and if haemodynamic alterations were reflected by the CTT metric. Methods Damaged RBCs exhibiting a mildly reduced deformability were injected to cause aggregation of RBCs. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging experiments were performed at 9.4 T. Six datasets (baseline plus five datasets after injection) were acquired for each animal in a study group and a control group (13 and 10 female adult Wistar rats, respectively). For each dataset, ASL images at ten different inversion times were acquired. The CTT model was adapted to the use of a measured arterial input function, implying the use of a realistic labelling profile. Repeated measures ANOVA was used (alpha error = 0.05). Results After injection, significant differences between the study group and control group were observed for relative CBF in white matter (up to 20 percentage points) and putamen (up to 18–20 percentage points) and for relative CTT in putamen (up to 35–40 percentage points). Conclusions Haemodynamic changes caused by injection of damaged RBCs were observed by ASL-based CBF and CTT measurements. Damaged RBCs can be used as a tool for test and validation of perfusion imaging modalities. CTT model fitting was challenging to stabilise at experimental signal-to-noise ratio levels, and the number of free parameters was minimised.

scholarly journals Measuring the Effects of Remifentanil on Cerebral Blood Flow and Arterial Arrival Time Using 3D Grase MRI with Pulsed Arterial Spin Labelling

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1514-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J Macintosh ◽  
Kyle TS Pattinson ◽  
Daniel Gallichan ◽  
Imran Ahmad ◽  
Karla L Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Spin Labelling ◽  
Permutation Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spin Labelling

Arterial spin labelling (ASL) has proved to be a promising magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to measure brain perfusion. In this study, volumetric three-dimensional (3D) gradient and spin echo (GRASE) ASL was used to produce cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial arrival time (AAT) maps during rest and during an infusion of remifentanil. Gradient and spin echo ASL perfusion-weighted images were collected at multiple inflow times (500 to 2,500 ms in increments of 250 ms) to accurately fit an ASL perfusion model. Fit estimates were assessed using z-statistics, allowing voxels with a poor fit to be excluded from subsequent analyses. Nonparametric permutation testing showed voxels with a significant difference in CBF and AAT between conditions across a group of healthy participants ( N = 10). Administration of remifentanil produced an increase in end-tidal CO2, an increase in CBF from 57 ± 12.0 to 77 ± 18.4 mL/100 g tissue per min and a reduction in AAT from 0.73 ± 0.073 to 0.64 ± 0.076 secs. Within grey matter, remifentanil produced a cerebrovascular response of 5.7 ± 1.60 %CBF per mm Hg. Significant differences between physiologic conditions were observed in both CBF and AAT maps, indicating that 3D GRASE-ASL has the sensitivity to study changes in physiology at a voxel level.

scholarly journals An a contrario approach for the detection of patient-specific brain perfusion abnormalities with arterial spin labelling

NeuroImage ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Maumet ◽  
Pierre Maurel ◽  
Jean-Christophe Ferré ◽  
Christian Barillot
Keyword(s):  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Spin Labelling ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Spin Labelling

P01-208-Prevalence of hypomania in patients with diagnosis of affective disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 209-209
Author(s):  
I. Garcia Del Castillo ◽  
L. Fernandez Mayo ◽  
R. Carmona Camacho ◽  
M.J. Martin Calvo ◽  
E. Serrano Drozdowskyj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bipolar Ii Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Difference

IntroductionRecent epidemiological studies suggest that the prevalence of bipolar disorder might be misdiagnosed initially as unipolar depression due to the difficulty to detect episodes of hypomania. The Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32), validated in Spanish, is a self-report questionnaire with 32 hypomania items designed to screen for hypomanic episodes.ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of hypomania in patients with unipolar depression. Corroborate the efficacy of the HCL-32 to detect symptoms of hypomania.MethodsThe presence of hypomanic symptoms was assessed by the HCL-32 in a sample of 128 subjects diagnosed with bipolar I disorder (n = 30), bipolar II disorder (n = 1), unipolar depression (n = 57), and anxiety disorder (n = 15) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. A control group of healthy subjects was selected (n = 25).ResultsThe discriminative capacity was analyzed by the ROC curve. The AUC was 0.65 which did not indicate a good capacity. The sensitivity (S), specificity (E) and prevalence (P) of hypomania in unipolar patients for the following cut-off points were :14: S = 81.6%,95%CI(69.8, 93.5); E = 30.1%,95%CI(19.7,40.6); P = 74.1%; 15: S = 77.6%,95%CI(64.9,90.3); E = 37.4%,95%CI(26.3,48.4); P = 67.2%; 16: S = 59.2%,95%CI(44.4,73.9); E = 55.4%,95%CI(44.1,74.0); P = 51.7%; 17: S = 55.1%,95%CI(40.2,70.1); E = 57.8%,95%CI(46.6,69.1); P = 48.3%.ConclusionsThe HCL-32 has a high sensitivity but a low specificity as screening instrument. This might explain the high proportion of hypomania found in this study. The difference with previous studies is that our sample was heterogeneous, unstable and serious. This suggests that the HCL-32 is not valid for any psychiatric sample. Future research should develop more specific instruments with better external validity.

scholarly journals Current Intervention Treatments for Food Addiction: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Mark Leary ◽  
Kirrilly M. Pursey ◽  
Antonio Verdejo-Garcia ◽  
Tracy L. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention

Research on the concept of food addiction (FA) has steadily grown and, based on a widely used self-report, FA is estimated to affect between 16–20% of the adult population. However, there are few interventions available for people with self-reported FA, and their efficacy is unclear. The primary aim of the review was to examine the efficacy of different interventions, including behavioural/lifestyle, medication and surgical approaches, for reducing symptoms and/or changing diagnosis of FA among adolescents and adults. A secondary aim was to examine the influence of sex as a moderator of intervention effects. A systematic search was performed from 2008–2020 to identify studies that used the YFAS to assess the effectiveness of interventions on FA. Nine studies were identified (n = 7 adults, n = 2 adolescents) including a total of 812 participants (range 22–256) with an average of 69% females per study. The types of interventions included medications (n = 3), lifestyle modification (n = 3), surgical (n = 2) and behavioural (n = 1), with FA being assessed as a secondary outcome in all studies. Five studies in adults reported a significant reduction in FA symptoms or diagnosis from pre to post-intervention, two when compared to a control group and three in the intervention group only. Efficacious interventions included: medication (combination of naltrexone and bupropion, as well as pexacerfont), bariatric surgery and lifestyle modification. No significant changes in FA were reported in adolescent studies. Given few studies were identified by the review, there is insufficient evidence to provide clear recommendations for practice; however, some interventions show potential for reducing self-reported FA outcomes in adults. Future research should explore the longer-term efficacy of interventions and the effectiveness of treatments with sufficient sample sizes.

scholarly journals Psychopathology and resilience in relation to abuse in childhood among youth first referred to the psychiatrist

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic ◽  
Lazar Tenjovic ◽  
Veronika Ispanovic ◽  
Marija Mitkovic ◽  
Jelena Radosavljev-Kircanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Experienced Child ◽  
Behavior Scale

Background/Aim. Child abuse may be related to adverse psychological outcomes in adult life. However, little is known about specific clinical, family and resilience profiles of adolescents that have experienced child abuse. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical symptoms, family functioning and resilience characteristics of adolescents with the experience of abuse, first referred to psychiatrists. Methods. The study included 84 young participants (mean age 14.90 ? 3.10, ranging from 11 to 18 years) as consecutive first referrals to the Clinic for Children and Youth of the Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia. The sample consisted of two groups, based on the Child Abuse Matrices of Risks. The first group included adolescents with the experience of abuse in childhood (n = 38, 13 males, 25 females), whereas the second, control group, comprised of non-abused adolescents (n = 47, 20 males, 27 females). The presence of abuse was evaluated by the Child Abuse Matrices of Risks. The study used the following questionnaires: Youth Self-Report (YSR), Adolescent Resilience Attitudes Scale (ARAS), and Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI). Results. Significant differences were found only among females. According to YSR, the abused girls had significantly higher scores on the Delinquent Behavior scale and marginally higher scores on Anxious/ Depressed and Social Problems scales. Analyses of the SFI showed significantly lower family functioning among the girls with the child abuse history for all scales except for the Directive Leadership. The abused girls also showed significantly lower scores on the Insight scale, and marginally lower Initiative scores at the ARAS. Conclusions. These findings may have practical application in the creation of specific preventive and treatment strategies, particularly focused on delinquent tendencies, as well as on enhancing resilience through providing positive environments within families, schools and communities.

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