Fasting Blood Glucose and 2-h Postprandial Blood Glucose Predict Hypertension: A Report from the REACTION Study

The use of nutritional interventions for managing diabetes is one of the effective strategies aimed at reducing the global prevalence of the condition, which is on the rise. Almonds are the most consumed tree nut and they are known to be rich sources of protein, monounsaturated fatty acids, essential minerals, and dietary fibre. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the effects of almonds on gut microbiota, glycometabolism, and inflammatory parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). EBSCOhost, which encompasses the Health Sciences Research Databases; Google Scholar; EMBASE; and the reference lists of articles were searched based on population, intervention, control, outcome, and study (PICOS) framework. Searches were carried out from database inception until 1 August 2021 based on medical subject headings (MesH) and synonyms. The meta-analysis was carried out with the Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3 software. Results: Nine randomised studies were included in the systematic review and eight were used for the meta-analysis. The results would suggest that almond-based diets have significant effects in promoting the growth of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing gut microbiota. Furthermore, the meta-analysis showed that almond-based diets were effective in significantly lowering (p < 0.05) glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and body mass index (BMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it was also found that the effects of almonds were not significant (p > 0.05) in relation to fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and Tumour necrosis factor α, TNF-α), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA–IR), and fasting insulin. The biological mechanisms responsible for the outcomes observed in this review in relation to reduction in HbA1c and BMI may be based on the nutrient composition of almonds and the biological effects, including the high fibre content and the low glycaemic index profile. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis have shown that almond-based diets may be effective in promoting short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and lowering glycated haemoglobin and body mass index in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with control. However, the effects of almonds were not significant (p > 0.05) with respect to fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and TNF-α), GLP-1, HOMA–IR, and fasting insulin.

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METS-IR, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is associated with the urinary albumin–creatinine ratio in Chinese adults: A cross-sectional REACTION study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-731268/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wanlu Su ◽

Jie Wang ◽

Songyan Yu ◽

Kang Chen ◽

Wenhua Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Urinary Albumin ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Creatinine Ratio ◽

Discriminative Ability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Albumin Creatinine Ratio

Abstract BackgroundThe metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) is a novel noninsulin-based metabolic index used as a substitution marker of insulin resistance. However, whether METS-IR is associated with the urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR) is not well known. Therefore, we explored the associations between METS-IR and UACR and compared the discriminative ability of METS-IR and its components for elevated UACR. MethodsThis study included 37,290 subjects. METS-IR was calculated as follows: (Ln [2 × fasting blood glucose (FBG) + fasting triglyceride level (TG 0 )] × body mass index (BMI))/[Ln (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C))]. Participants were divided into four groups on the basis of METS-IR: <25%, 25%–49%, 50%–74%, and ≥75%. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between METS-IR vs. its components (FBG, TG 0 , BMI, and HDL-C) with UACR. ResultsParticipants with the highest quartile METS-IR presented a more significant trend towards elevated UACR than towards its components (odds ratio [OR]: 1.260, 95% CI: 1.152–1.378, P < 0.001 in all subjects; OR: 1.321, 95% CI: 1.104–1.579, P = 0.002 in men; OR: 1.201, 95% CI: 1.083–1.330, P < 0.001 in women). There were significant associations between METS-IR and UACR in younger participants (<65 years for women and 55–64 years for men). Increased METS-IR was significantly associated with UACR in men with FBG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L or postprandial blood glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L and systolic blood pressure ≥ 120 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg. The relationships were significant in women with diabetes and hypertension.ConclusionsIncreased METS-IR was significantly associated with elevated UACR, and its discriminative power for elevated UACR was superior to that of its components. This findings support the clinical significance of METS-IR for evaluating renal function damage.

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Influence of Patient Characteristics on The Type of Insulin Therapy Obtained by Diabetes Type 2 Outpatient in Denpasar Municipality

Udayana Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (UJoSSH) ◽

10.24843/ujossh.2017.v01.i02.p03 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Luh Putu Febrayana Larasanty ◽

I GNA. Dewantara Putra ◽

Rhyce Dewata Sari ◽

Komang Dede Saputra ◽

I GA. Gede Minanjaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Insulin Therapy ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Medical Records ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose

This study aims to investigate the influence of patient characteristics on the choice of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Denpasar municipality. This is a descriptive analysis study using the patient's medical records as research material. Patients who meet inclusion and exclusion criteria are being recorded based on their medical records. Characteristics that are taken are age, gender, fasting blood glucose level (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level (2-hours PPG) and HbA1c values of patients. Types of insulin therapy gained from patient medical records and drug use report in pharmacy. Characteristics data and type of insulin analyzed using correlation test to determine the effect of the patient characteristics on the selection of insulin therapy. 43 patients became the research subject. Males gendered patients (72.09%) and the patients aged less than 65 years (90.70%) are the dominant characteristics of the research subjects. The average value of FBG of patients is 212 mg / dL; 2-hours PPG 280 mg / dL and HbA1c 10.1%. There is a correlation between sex, age, HbA1c value and FBG with the type of insulin obtained by patients (p <0.05). Based on the results of statistical tests, age and gender have a strong correlation on insulin choice, HbA1c and FBG level has a moderate influence and 2-hours PPG have a weak correlation. Patient characteristics had an influence on the type of insulin choice for diabetes mellitus type 2 outpatient in the Denpasar municipality.

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EVALUATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS BETWEEN TYPE II DIABETES PATIENTS AND HEALTHY POPULATIONS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i9.25998 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 264

Author(s):

Sudharshan Reddy Nelli ◽

Nilesh Kumar Sharma ◽

Manoj Kumar P ◽

Surya S Singh

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Diabetes Patient ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Type Ii ◽

South Indian

Introduction: The aim of the present study is to profile the serum antioxidative enzymes, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in Type II diabetes mellitus patients in comparison to healthy volunteers in the South Indian population.Methodology: A prospective, observational, case–control study was conducted for 1 year with a total of 120 patients including 90 Type II diabetes patients (case group) and 30 healthy volunteers (control group). Blood was collected from these volunteers, and serum levels of CAT, GPx, and SOD were estimated. In addition, they were also monitored for the fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and postprandial blood glucose. Data were statistically analyzed applying unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation with the statistical significance of p<0.05.Results: The diabetes patient group showed significant higher levels of glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose (p<0.0001). There was asignificant lower level in the RBC levels of superoxide dismutase in case group compared to control group 3859.00±381.8 (mean+SD) and 5862.7±209.45 (mean+SD) Units per gram Hb, (t-value 27.35, p-Value <0.0001). Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase RBC levels also showed significant lower levels in the case group compared to the control group (catalase 212.7±19.08 (mean±SD) and 396.47±10.83 (mean±SD) Units per gram Hb; T value=50.07 and p<0.0001)(Glutathione peroxidase11.7 ±01.09 (mean +SD) and 18.6 ± 01.00 (mean +SD) Units per gram Hb; t value=30.26 and p<0.0001).Conclusion: A significant reduction in serum levels of antioxidative enzymes, CAT, GPx, and SOD was observed in the South Indian Type II diabetes patient population.

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Postprandial Blood Glucose Outweighs Fasting Blood Glucose and HbA1c in screening Coronary Heart Disease

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-017-14152-y ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jingjing Jiang ◽

Lin Zhao ◽

Liu Lin ◽

Minghui Gui ◽

Qiqige Aleteng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose

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Effects of Continuous Epidural Injection of Dexamethasone on Blood Glucose, Blood Lipids, Plasma Cortisol and ACTH in Patients With Neuropathic Pain

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2020.564643 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-hui Liu ◽

Yu-min Du ◽

Hai-jing Cong ◽

Guang-zhao Liu ◽

Yu-E Ren

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Plasma Cortisol ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Lumbar Disc ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Epidural Injection ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Vas Score ◽

Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy

Objective: To study the effects of continuous epidural injection of dexamethasone on blood glucose, blood lipids, plasma cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in patients with neuropathic pain.Methods: Thirty patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, lumbar disc herniation, herpes pain or postherpetic neuralgia were randomly divided into three groups and were treated with different doses of epidural injection of dexamethasone (Group S with a concentration of 25 μg/mL; Group M with a concentration of 50 μg/mL; Group L with a concentration of 100 μg/mL). Epidural catheterization placement was guided by computed tomography (CT), and was connected to the analgesic pump for 10 days. Visual Analog Score (VAS), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) and the concentrations of cortisol, ACTH were measured before injection (T0), 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days during injection (D2, D4, D6, D8, D10), and 7, 14, 21, 28 days (W1, W2, W3, W4) after injection.Results: During and after the treatment, VAS score was significantly decreased, and group M and L had the lowest VAS score. The concentrations of cortisol and ACTH were significantly lower during the treatment, but all of them recovered to the normal level after stopping the injection. The treatment did not affect the CHOL and TG concentrations.Discussion: Epidural injection of dexamethasone at the concentration of 50 μg/mL is recommended for patients with neuropathic pain because of its good analgesic effect and less adverse effect on blood glucose, plasma cortisol, and ACTH.

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Effectiveness of the Family Portal Function on the Lilly Connected Care Program (LCCP) for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Retrospective Cohort Study With Propensity Score Matching

JMIR mhealth and uhealth ◽

10.2196/25122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e25122

Author(s):

Yiyu Zhang ◽

Chaoyuan Liu ◽

Shuoming Luo ◽

Jin Huang ◽

Yuxin Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

The Family ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Education Courses

Background Diabetes is a major health concern worldwide. Family member engagement in diabetes self-management education programs can improve patients’ diabetes management. However, there is limited evidence that the family portal on diabetes management apps is effective in the glycemic control of patients with diabetes. Objective We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of family support through the family portal function on Lilly Connected Care Program (LCCP) platform. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients with type 2 diabetes recruited to the LCCP platform from September 1, 2018, to August 31, 2019. Propensity score matching was used to match family (group A) and non–family (group B) portal use groups with similar baseline characteristics. The patients were followed up with for 12 weeks. The main objectives were differences in mean fasting blood glucose, proportion of patients achieving fasting blood glucose target <7mmol/L, mean postprandial blood glucose, proportion of patients achieving postprandial blood glucose target <10mmol/L, proportion of patients achieving both fasting blood glucose <7mmol/L and postprandial blood glucose <10mmol/L, self-monitoring of blood glucose frequency at week 12 and the number of diabetes education courses patients completed during the 12 weeks. Moreover, logistic regression analysis was used to explore the baseline factors which may be associated with the use of family portal, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results A total of 6582 adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with type 2 diabetes who were receiving insulin therapy were enrolled in the study. Overall, 6.1% (402/6582) of the patients chose to engage their family members to use the family portal. Two groups of 394 patients were well-matched regarding baseline characteristics. After matching, mean fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose at week 12 were significantly lower in group A than in group B (fasting blood glucose: 7.12 mmol/L, SD 1.70 vs 7.42 mmol/L, SD 1.88, respectively, P=.02; postprandial blood glucose: 8.56 mmol/L, SD 2.51 vs 9.10 mmol/L, SD 2.69, respectively, P=.002). When comparing group A to group B, the proportion of patients achieving both fasting blood glucose <7mmol and postprandial blood glucose <10mmol/L at week 12 (46.8% vs 39.4%, respectively, P=.04), self-monitoring of blood glucose frequency at week 12 (8.92 times per week, SD 6.77 vs 8.02 times per week, SD 5.97, respectively, P=.05) and number of diabetes education courses completed in 12 weeks (23.00, IQR9.00-38.00 vs 15.00, IQR 4.00-36.00, respectively, P<.001) was higher. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher age (OR=0.987, 95% CI 0.978-0.996, P=.006) and higher baseline fasting blood glucose (OR=0.914, 95% CI 0.859-0.972, P=.004) were correlated with less use of the family portal function, while increased baseline self-monitoring of blood glucose frequency (OR=1.022, 95% CI 1.012-1.032], P<.001) as well as increased education courses (OR=1.026, 95% CI 1.015-1.036, P<.001) were associated with more use of the family portal function. Conclusions Family support through the LCCP family portal is effective for glycemic control and self-management behavior improvement in type 2 diabetes patients.

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Case Report: A Novel ABCC8 Variant in a Chinese Pedigree of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.758723 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Chaoyan Tang ◽

Liheng Meng ◽

Ping Zhang ◽

Xinghuan Liang ◽

Chaozhi Dang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Family Members ◽

Missense Variant ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Chinese Family ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Maturity Onset Diabetes ◽

Onset Diabetes

BackgroundWe aimed to analyze a novel ABCC8 variant of a Chinese patient with suspected maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and to provide evidence for precise diagnosis and appropriate treatment.MethodA Chinese family with suspected MODY was recruited in this study, which included a 15-year-old female patient with diabetes. Clinical data and blood samples were collected from the proband and other family members. All of the living relatives were given an oral glucose tolerance test. Next-generation sequencing was performed to identify the mutated genes in the proband. Sanger sequencing was utilized to confirm the location of the pathogenic variant in all subjects. Further treatment was referred to targeted family members according to genetic testing.ResultsThe proband was found to have a random blood glucose level of 244.8 mg/dl and an HbA1c level of 9.2%. Before this investigation, her grandparents had been diagnosed with diabetes. The second uncle, two aunts, mother, and cousin of the proband were diagnosed with diabetes by abnormal HbA1C (6.5–12.1%) and fasting blood glucose (FBG, 91.4–189.7 mg/dl). The second aunt of the proband had impaired glucose homeostasis (HbA1C = 6.4% and FBG = 88.0 mg/dl). One novel missense variant c.1432G>A (p.A478T) in exon 9 of the ABCC8 gene was detected in the proband with suspected MODY. The variant was also found in six family members with diabetes or impaired glucose homeostasis, including her second uncle, two aunts, mother, and cousin. After the treatment was switched to glimepiride, the fasting blood glucose was adjusted to 99.54 mg/dl, the 2-h postprandial blood glucose was 153.54 mg/dl, serum fructosamine was 259 μmol/l, and HbA1c was 5.8%. The glycemic control remained optimal, and no hypoglycemic episodes were observed in the living relatives.ConclusionThis study revealed one novel missense variant of the ABCC8 gene in Chinese families. The present findings indicated that the members of this family responded to treatment with sulfonylureas as previously seen in ABCC8 MODY.

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Glycemic control in diabetes mellitus in patients assisted by a university hospital in the state of Piauí (Brazil)

Revista Brasileira de Farmácia Hospitalar e Serviços de Saúde ◽

10.30968/rbfhss.2020.114.0505 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 505

Author(s):

Jose A. NERY-NETO ◽

Andrew O. SANTOS ◽

Larissa C. SILVA ◽

Elison C. HOLANDA ◽

Maria C. BRITO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Medical Records ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

University Hospital ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Measurement

Objectives: To investigate glycemic control in outpatient clinics at a university hospital, as well as to correlate HbA1c with fasting glucose and post-prandial glycemia, in order to assess which variable best correlates with an HbA1c. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, with data that were collected from electronic medical records, from the random consultation of the medical of the blood glucose measurement. To check glycemic control, the parameters defined by the Brazilian Diabetes Society (2017-2018) were used: fasting glucose <100 mg / dL, HbA1c <7% and postprandial glucose <160 mg / dL. A statistical analysis was performed with the aid of the SPSS® program (version 13.0), adopting p <0.05 as the level of statistical significance. Results: 250 medical records were applied, with the average age of the participants being 60.1 ± 12.9 years (87 men and 163 women). A fasting glycemia was altered beyond the recommended in 80.8% of the individuals evaluated, HbA1c in 45.2% of the cases and 66% of the participants in the study possessed postprandial glycemia in addition to the recommended goals. The correlation between HbA1c/fasting blood glucose (rs= 0.74) and HbA1c/postprandial blood glucose (rs = 0.60) was, respectively, strong and moderate. Conclusions: With this study, it was possible to verify that a significant portion of the limits of use did not have good glycemic control. The correlation between fasting glucose and HbA1c confirmed that HbA1c is the best parameter for monitoring blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus. In addition, the fasting blood glucose / HbA1c correlation showed greater strength in the postprandial blood glucose / HbA1c correlation.

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Maternal Selenium Deficiency in Mice Alters Offspring Glucose Metabolism and Thyroid Status in a Sexually Dimorphic Manner

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 267 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pierre Hofstee ◽

Daniel R. McKeating ◽

Lucy A. Bartho ◽

Stephen T. Anderson ◽

Anthony V. Perkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Selenium Deficiency ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

In Utero ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Human Populations ◽

Low Selenium ◽

Long Term Impact

Selenium is an essential micronutrient commonly deficient in human populations. Selenium deficiency increases the risks of pregnancy complications; however, the long-term impact of selenium deficiency on offspring disease remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of selenium deficiency during pregnancy on offspring metabolic function. Female C57BL/6 mice were allocated to control (>190 μg selenium/kg, n = 8) or low selenium (<50 μg selenium/kg, n = 8) diets prior to mating and throughout gestation. At postnatal day (PN) 170, mice underwent an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and were culled at PN180 for biochemical analysis. Mice exposed to selenium deficiency in utero had reduced fasting blood glucose but increased postprandial blood glucose concentrations. Male offspring from selenium-deficient litters had increased plasma insulin levels in conjunction with reduced plasma thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine or T4) concentrations. Conversely, females exposed to selenium deficiency in utero exhibited increased plasma thyroxine levels with no change in plasma insulin. This study demonstrates the importance of adequate selenium intake around pregnancy for offspring metabolic health. Given the increasing prevalence of metabolic disease, this study highlights the need for appropriate micronutrient intake during pregnancy to ensure a healthy start to life.

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