scholarly journals Optimization of tensile strength of PLA/clay/rice husk composites using Box-Behnken design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vianney Andrew Yiga ◽  
Michael Lubwama ◽  
Sinja Pagel ◽  
Peter Wilberforce Olupot ◽  
Johannes Benz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Experimental Findings

AbstractIt is extremely important to save costs and time while enhancing accuracy in experimentation. However, no study has utilized response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the effects of independent parameters on properties of PLA/clay/rice husk composites. This study focused on optimization of tensile strength of fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites. RSM using Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to determine optimum blending parameters of the developed composites. Fiber-reinforced PLA composites were prepared using compression molding. Rice husk fiber and clay filler were used to enhance tensile properties of PLA. Five factors, namely, clay filler loading (1 − 5 wt.%), rice husk fiber loading (10 − 30 wt.%), alkali concentration (0 − 4 wt.%), rice husk variety (K85, K98), and alkali type (NaOH, Mg(OH)2) were varied with 68 individual experiments. Tensile tests were carried out according to ASTM D638 standards. ANOVA results revealed that the quadratic models best fit the tensile strength response, with filler loading and fiber loading factors as the most significant model terms. Interaction effects were more predominant than linear and quadratic effects. The developed models used to determine maximum tensile strengths of PLA/clay/rice husk composites were in close agreement with experimental findings (R2 values of 0.9635, 0.9624, 0.9789, and 0.9731 for NaOH-modified K85 rice husks, Mg(OH)2-modified K85 rice husks, NaOH-modified K98 rice husks, and Mg(OH)2-modified K98 rice husks respectively). Individual optimal conditions were used to predict maximum tensile strengths in each set of developed composites. The predicted tensile strengths were 32.09 MPa, 33.69 MPa, 32.47 MPa, and 32.75 MPa for PLA/clay composites loaded with NaOH-modified K85 rice husks, Mg(OH)2-modified K85 rice husks, NaOH-modified K98 rice husks, and Mg(OH)2-modified K98 rice husks, respectively, which were very close to the obtained experimental values of 31.73 MPa, 33.06 MPa, 32.02 MPa, and 31.86 MPa respectively.

Effect of Rice Husk Particle Size on Tensile and Density of Recycled PPVC Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizul Rahman Farah Nordyana ◽  
Ahmad Zafir Romli ◽  
Mohd Hanafiah Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Density Result

This study is to measure the effect of various rice husks particle size on density, tensile strength, Youngs modulus and elongation at break of PPVC composite. Rice husk was grind before being sieved to particle sizes of 60 μm, 60 μm < particle size 80 μm, and 80 μm < particle size 100μm. Each size was compounded with PPVC at same filler loading which is 20 % rice husk and being pressed using hot press machine. Tensile strength, Youngs modulus and elongation at break increased as particle size increases. The highest value for tensile strength, Youngs modulus and elongation at break are 21.48 MPa, 1344.88 MPa and 2.29 % respectively. However, it is different for density result which decreased as particle size increases. The results obtained from the study shows that the bigger the size of the rice husks, the better the composite tensile properties.

Thermal Shock Effect of Nano-TiO2 Enhanced Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Composites: An Assessment on Tensile and Thermal Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 978 ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
Kishore Kumar Mahato ◽  
Krishna Chaitanya Nuli ◽  
Krishna Dutta ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Prusty ◽  
Bankim Chandra Ray
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Service Period

Fiber reinforced polymeric (FRP) composite materials are currently used in numerous structural and materials related applications. But, during their in-service period these composites were exposed to different changing environmental conditions. Present investigation is planned to explore the effect of thermal shock exposure on the mechanical properties of nanoTiO2 enhanced glass fiber reinforced polymeric (GFRP) composites. The samples were conditioned at +70°C temperature for 36 h followed by further conditioning at – 60°C temperature for the similar interval of time. In order to estimate the thermal shock influence on the mechanical properties, tensile tests of the conditioned samples were carried out at 1 mm/min loading rate. The polymer phase i.e. epoxy was modified with different nanoTiO2 content (i.e. 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt. %). The tensile strength of 0.1 wt.% nanoTiO2 GFRP filled composites exhibited higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) among all other composites. The possible reason may be attributed to the good dispersion of nanoparticles in polymer matrix corresponds to proper stress transfer during thermal shock conditioning. In order to access the variations in the viscoelastic behavior and glass transition temperature due to the addition of nanoTiO2 in GFRP composite and also due to the thermal shock conditioning, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) measurements were carried out. Different modes of failures and strengthening morphology in the composites were analyzed under scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Effects of extrusion parameters on tensile strength of polybenzimidazole fiber-reinforced high density polyethylene composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arfat Anis ◽  
Shan Faiz ◽  
Saeed M. Al-Zahrani
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Maximum Tensile Strength ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Polyethylene Composites

Abstract The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of fiber content and extrusion parameters on polybenzimidazole (PBI) fiber-reinforced polyethylene composites and to determine the optimum values for the tensile strength. The PBI fiber was physically mixed with high density polyethylene (HDPE) and then extruded through a twin screw extruder. The extrusion parameters were studied at different levels, barrel temperatures at 240°C, 250°C and 260°C and screw speeds at 12 rpm, 15 rpm and 18 rpm. The tensile strength was measured using a universal testing machine. A response surface experimental design using Design-Expert was applied to investigate the effect of fiber loading and extrusion parameters (barrel temperature, screw speed) on tensile properties of the resulting composite and consequently analyzing the optimized value for these parameters to yield maximum tensile strength. The analysis predicted a linear model which suggests that in order to achieve maximum tensile strength the screw speed should be 18 rpm, the barrel temperature at 240°C and at a fiber loading of 2%.

scholarly journals RECYCLED PET FOR RICE HUSK/POLYESTER COMPOSITES

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ahmad ◽  
D. R. Abu Bakar ◽  
S. N. Mokhilas ◽  
A Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Polyester Composites ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Rice husks were combined with unsaturated polyester resin, synthesized from glycolysed product of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste to form rice husk (RH)/polyester composites. PET from post-consumer soft drink bottles was recycled through glycolysis, followed by polyesterified with maleic anhydride and then cross-linked with styrene to producea formulation for the resin. Characterizations of the synthesized resin were performed byhydroxyl, acid values and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) techniques. The effect of filler loading and surface modification of rice husks on the mechanical properties of the composites were also investigated. It has been observed that the increasing filler loading resulted in reduction of tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength but increased tensilemodulus and hardness. At similar filler loading, alkalized filler composites have higher mechanical properties. 

Investigation of the Debonding Process in Wood Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites by Acoustic Emission

2007 ◽  
Vol 537-538 ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kocsis ◽  
Tibor Czigány
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Ae Counts

Wood fiber reinforced polypropylene composites of different fiber contents without any treatment were prepared, and tensile tests were carried out on injection molded specimens. With increasing fiber content a decrease of the tensile strength was experienced. The weak adhesion at the fiber-matrix interface and the typical composite failures can be seen on SEM pictures. During the tests acoustic emission was monitored to get more information about the damage mechanism. From the AE counts distribution it can be concluded that the maximum number of AE counts decreases simultaneously with the tensile strength in case of the different composites.

Preparation and Characterization of Rice Husk Powder Incorporated Natural Rubber Latex Foam

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamala Ramasamy ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Yamuna Munusamy
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rice Milling

Rice husk powder (RHP) is an abundant agricultural by product that is produced in bulk quantity as part of rice milling. This research is carried out to incorporate RHP with natural rubber latex (NRL) compound. Different loading of RHP is added to NRL compound and is foamed to make natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) using a well known technique called the Dunlop method. The tensile properties of modified NRLF is studied and compared with the controlled NRLF which has zero RHP loading. The morphology and micro structural characterization has been performed by Tabletop microscopy (TM1000). The tensile strength decreases at 2.5 pphr but increases again as the filler loading increases. Elongation at break decreases whereas modulus at 100% elongation (M 100) and hardness increases as the filler loading increases.

Effects of Slit Patterns on the Tensile Properties of Unidirectionally Arrayed Chopped Strands Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 750 ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
Hang Li ◽  
Wen Xue Wang ◽  
Yoshihiro Takao ◽  
Terutake Matsubara
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymer

This study investigates the tensile properties of UACS (unidirectional arrayed chopped strands) laminates with different slit patterns. UACS composite is a kind of short fiber reinforced polymer by introducing slits into prepregs before the fabrication of laminates. Existing UACS composites have superior flowability but relatively low tensile strength compared to conventional CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer). Consequently, many efforts have been made to improve the strength of UACS composites. In this study, two new discontinuous slit patterns, staggered pattern and bi-angled pattern, have been developed. Tensile tests reveal that two new UACS laminates with staggered and bi-angled slit patterns have higher strength and higher stiffness than existing UACS laminates with continuous slits. Discontinuity of slits plays an important role in inhibiting the development of delamination. Different slit patterns show different failure modes.

scholarly journals Composite from high density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with rice husks (Oryza sativa): Preparation and mechanical property

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Norin Zamiah Kassim Shaari ◽  
Ahmad Redha Taha ◽  
Suhaiza Hanim Hanipah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Flexible Material ◽  
Processing Ability

In this study, the composite from HDPE polymer was formulated with the incorporation of Oryza sativa also known in general as rice husks or hulls with two different methods: with the incorporation of plasticiser (glycerol and citric acid) and without plasticisers. The ratio of glycerol to citric acid used in the experiment was 1:2. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of incorporating rice husk with different fibre sizes on the mechanical properties of the HDPE composite. The blending of HDPE with the rice husk was performed in a mixer in processing compounding polymer followed by the extrusion process. Results show that in the absence of the plasticiser, rice husk portrays good compatibility with HDPE polymer, where the composite possessed good tensile strength and elongation. The best plasticising effect was portrayed by filler with 100 µm as it yields the highest tensile strength and strain. In conclusion, the composite could be potentially used for suitable applications, which requires flexible material with better processing ability and would not be brittle.

Fabrication and characterization of bamboo fiber- reinforced polyethylene-polystyrene composites using glycerol as plasticizer

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Kristin B. Labasan ◽  
Aldrine Jay G. Espinosa ◽  
Rebecca C. Nueva Espana
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
The Impact

<p>Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are composed of a polymer matrix (PE-PS) combined with a fiber (bamboo fibers) to provide conspicuous reinforcement. In light of recycling plastic and natural fibers, the research aim to fabricate and characterize bamboo fiber-reinforced polyethylene-polystyrene composites using glycerol as plasticizer. Specifically, the study investigated the effect on the physical and mechanical properties and water absorption of the composites by varying the following parameters: substitution of glycerol instead of the usual cooking oil in fabrication of DRM, and bamboo fiber loading. Using 1:3 PE-PS ratio, glycerol incorporation was done in DRM by melting together plastic and styrofoam wastes using a densifying machine at 150˚C. DRM samples with 70% (w/w) glycerol incorporation were then compared to the original DRM samples with 70% (w/w) cooking oil. The modified DRM were then loaded with 1, 2 and 3% bamboo fiber-reinforcement using a two-roll mill at 200˚C and compression molding machine at 200˚C and 50 kg/cm2 for 5 mins in the aluminium mold. The composites were characterized by Universal Testing Machine (tensile strength) following the ASTM standard D638. In addition, water absorption of the fabricated composites was tested using the standard method specified by ASTM D570.The bamboo fiber-reinforced polyethylene-polystyrene composites at 1:3 PE: PS ratio rendered better tensile strength and less water absorbed using 70% (w/w) glycerol as plasticizer and at 1% bamboo fiber loading. For future studies, it is recommended to study the impact of different parameters (glycerol percentage, time, temperature, pressure, fiber type and dimensions, fiber extraction, etc.) in the fabrication of the fiber-reinforced recycled plastic composites. Other characterizations of the fabricated plastic composite including thermal properties, leaching and biodegradation experiments and compressive and flexural strengths can also be done.</p><p>Keywords: Fiber-reinforced polymer, plasticizer, composites.</p>

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