MiRNA expression analysis emphasized the role of miR-424 in diabetic cardiovascular complications

Key Points Differential gene and miRNA expression analysis in PMF granulocytes identifies new biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets. Activation of the miR-155/JARID2 axis in PMF CD34+ cells results in overproduction of MK precursors.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Expression analysis of the tylosin-biosynthetic gene cluster: pivotal regulatory role of the tylQ product.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1004877.55457 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Ben Shen

Keyword(s):

Gene Cluster ◽

Expression Analysis ◽

Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽

Regulatory Role ◽

Biosynthetic Gene

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Regulatory Interplay between miR-181a-5p and Estrogen Receptor Signaling Cascade in Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13030543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 543

Author(s):

Rosaria Benedetti ◽

Chiara Papulino ◽

Giulia Sgueglia ◽

Ugo Chianese ◽

Tommaso De Marchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Endocrine Therapy ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽

Estrogen Signaling ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Tumor Resistance ◽

Estrogen Receptor Signaling

The efficacy and side effects of endocrine therapy in breast cancer (BC) depend largely on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression, the specific drug administered, and treatment scheduling. Although the benefits of endocrine therapy outweigh any adverse effects in the initial stages of BC, later- or advanced-stage tumors acquire resistance to treatments. The mechanisms underlying tumor resistance to therapy are still not well understood, posing a major challenge for BC patient care. Epigenetic regulation and miRNA expression may be involved in the switch from a treatment-sensitive to a treatment-resistant state and could provide a valid therapeutic strategy for ERα negative BC. Here, a hybrid lysine-specific histone demethylase inhibitor, MC3324, displaying selective estrogen receptor down-regulator-like activities in BC, was used to highlight the interplay between epigenetic and ERα signaling. MC3324 anticancer action is mediated by microRNA (miRNA) expression regulation, indicating an innovative function for this molecule. Integrated analysis suggests a crosstalk between estrogen signaling, ERα interactors, miRNAs, and their putative targets. Specifically, miR-181a-5p expression is regulated by MC3324 and has an impact on cellular levels of ERα. A comparison of breast tumor versus healthy mammary tissues confirmed the important role of miR-181a-5p in ERα regulation and points to its putative predictive function in BC therapy.

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The Potential Role of Exosomes in Child and Adolescent Obesity

Children ◽

10.3390/children8030196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 196

Author(s):

Ioanna Maligianni ◽

Christos Yapijakis ◽

Flora Bacopoulou ◽

George Chrousos

Keyword(s):

Child And Adolescent ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Adolescent Obesity ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Target Cells ◽

Special Role ◽

Exosomal Mirnas ◽

Risk Biomarkers

Child and adolescent obesity constitute one of the greatest contemporary public health menaces. The enduring disproportion between calorie intake and energy consumption, determined by a complex interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, finally leads to the development of overweight and obesity. Child and adolescent overweight/obesity promotes smoldering systemic inflammation (“para-inflammation”) and increases the likelihood of later metabolic and cardiovascular complications, including metabolic syndrome and its components, which progressively deteriorate during adulthood. Exosomes are endosome-derived extracellular vesicles that are secreted by a variety of cells, are naturally taken-up by target cells, and may be involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Over the last decade, intensive research has been conducted regarding the special role of exosomes and the non-coding (nc) RNAs they contain (primarily micro (mi) RNAs, long (l) non-coding RNAs, messenger (m) RNAs and other molecules) in inter-cellular communications. Through their action as communication mediators, exosomes may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and associated disorders. There is increasing evidence that exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs are involved in pivotal processes of adipocyte biology and that, possibly, play important roles in gene regulation linked to human obesity. This review aims to improve our understanding of the roles of exosomes and their cargo in the development of obesity and related metabolic and inflammatory disorders. We examined their potential roles in adipose tissue physiology and reviewed the scarce data regarding the altered patterns of circulating miRNAs and lncRNAs observed in obese children and adolescents, compared them to the equivalent, more abundant existing findings of adult studies, and speculated on their proposed mechanisms of action. Exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs could be applied as cardiometabolic risk biomarkers, useful in the early diagnosis and prevention of obesity. Furthermore, the targeting of crucial circulating exosomal cargo to tissues involved in the pathogenesis and maintenance of obesity could provide a novel therapeutic approach to this devastating and management-resistant pandemic.

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MiRNA Expression in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Frequent Localizations

Non-Coding RNA ◽

10.3390/ncrna7030038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Alexandra Korotaeva ◽

Danzan Mansorunov ◽

Natalya Apanovich ◽

Anna Kuzevanova ◽

Alexander Karpukhin

Keyword(s):

Mirna Expression ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Clinical Biomarkers ◽

Different Types ◽

Functional Features ◽

First Time ◽

Potential Biomarkers

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are infrequent malignant tumors of a neuroendocrine nature that arise in various organs. They occur most frequently in the lungs, intestines, stomach and pancreas. Molecular diagnostics and prognosis of NEN development are highly relevant. The role of clinical biomarkers can be played by microRNAs (miRNAs). This work is devoted to the analysis of data on miRNA expression in NENs. For the first time, a search for specificity or a community of their functional characteristics in different types of NEN was carried out. Their properties as biomarkers were also analyzed. To date, more than 100 miRNAs have been characterized as differentially expressed and significant for the development of NEN tumors. Only about 10% of the studied miRNAs are expressed in several types of NEN; differential expression of the remaining 90% was found only in tumors of specific localizations. A significant number of miRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers. However, only a few miRNAs have values that characterized their quality as markers. The analysis demonstrates the predominant specific expression of miRNA in each studied type of NEN. This indicates that miRNA’s functional features are predominantly influenced by the tissue in which they are formed.

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Role of miRNAs in Normal Endometrium and in Endometrial Disorders: Comprehensive Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10163457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (16) ◽

pp. 3457

Author(s):

Kamila Kolanska ◽

Sofiane Bendifallah ◽

Geoffroy Canlorbe ◽

Arsène Mekinian ◽

Cyril Touboul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Mirna Regulation ◽

Rigorous Analysis ◽

Sexual Hormones ◽

Physiological Mechanisms ◽

Normal Endometrium ◽

Gynecological Disorders

The molecular responses to hormonal stimuli in the endometrium are modulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional stages. Any imbalance in cellular and molecular endometrial homeostasis may lead to gynecological disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in a wide variety of physiological mechanisms and their expression patterns in the endometrium are currently attracting a lot of interest. miRNA regulation could be hormone dependent. Conversely, miRNAs could regulate the action of sexual hormones. Modifications to miRNA expression in pathological situations could either be a cause or a result of the existing pathology. The complexity of miRNA actions and the diversity of signaling pathways controlled by numerous miRNAs require rigorous analysis and findings need to be interpreted with caution. Alteration of miRNA expression in women with endometriosis has been reported. Thus, a potential diagnostic test supported by a specific miRNA signature could contribute to early diagnosis and a change in the therapeutic paradigm. Similarly, specific miRNA profile signatures are expected for RIF and endometrial cancer, with direct implications for associated therapies for RIF and adjuvant therapies for endometrial cancer. Advances in targeted therapies based on the regulation of miRNA expression are under evaluation.

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Evaluation of reference genes for miRNA expression analysis in Galeruca daurica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) using qRT‐PCR

Entomological Research ◽

10.1111/1748-5967.12537 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hai‐Chao Wang ◽

Ling Li ◽

Yan‐Yan Li ◽

Yao Tan ◽

Bao‐Ping Pang

Keyword(s):

Expression Analysis ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Reference Genes ◽

Qrt Pcr

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The SARS-CoV-2/Receptor Axis in Heart and Blood Vessels: A Crisp Update on COVID-19 Disease with Cardiovascular Complications

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13071346 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1346

Author(s):

Priya Veluswamy ◽

Max Wacker ◽

Dimitrios Stavridis ◽

Thomas Reichel ◽

Hendrik Schmidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

World Health ◽

Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽

Pathological State ◽

Mediated Action ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Health Organization

The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 disease has emerged expeditiously in the world and has been declared pandemic since March 2020, by World Health Organization (WHO). The destructive effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are increased among the patients with pre-existing chronic conditions and, in particular, this review focuses on patients with underlying cardiovascular complications. The expression pattern and potential functions of SARS-CoV-2 binding receptors and the attributes of SARS-CoV-2 virus tropism in a physio-pathological state of heart and blood vessel are precisely described. Of note, the atheroprotective role of ACE2 receptors is reviewed. A detailed description of the possible detrimental role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in terms of vascular leakage, including endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction and bradykinin 1 receptor stimulation is concisely stated. Furthermore, the potential molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 induced clot formation in association with host defense components, including activation of FXIIa, complements and platelets, endothelial dysfunction, immune cell responses with cytokine-mediated action are well elaborated. Moreover, a brief clinical update on patient with COVID-19 disease with underlying cardiovascular complications and those who had new onset of cardiovascular complications post-COVID-19 disease was also discussed. Taken together, this review provides an overview of the mechanistic aspects of SARS-CoV-2 induced devastating effects, in vital organs such as the heart and vessels.

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The Role of P-Selectin in COVID-19 Coagulopathy: An Updated Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22157942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (15) ◽

pp. 7942

Author(s):

Chiara Agrati ◽

Alessandra Sacchi ◽

Eleonora Tartaglia ◽

Alessandra Vergori ◽

Roberta Gagliardini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Activation ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Current State ◽

Activated Platelets ◽

Blood Clots ◽

Severe Infections ◽

Platelet Aggregates ◽

Definition Of ◽

Leucocyte Recruitment

In severe COVID-19, which is characterized by blood clots and neutrophil-platelet aggregates in the circulating blood and different tissues, an increased incidence of cardiovascular complications and venous thrombotic events has been reported. The inflammatory storm that characterizes severe infections may act as a driver capable of profoundly disrupting the complex interplay between platelets, endothelium, and leukocytes, thus contributing to the definition of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. In this frame, P-selectin represents a key molecule expressed on endothelial cells and on activated platelets, and contributes to endothelial activation, leucocyte recruitment, rolling, and tissue migration. Briefly, we describe the current state of knowledge about P-selectin involvement in COVID-19 pathogenesis, its possible use as a severity marker and as a target for host-directed therapeutic intervention.

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