Determining the transition from juvenile to mature wood microfibril angle in lodgepole pine: a comparison of six different two-segment models

Genetic control of microfibril angle (MFA) transition from juvenile wood to mature wood was evaluated in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon). Increment cores were collected at breast height (1.3 m) from 5664 trees in two 21-year-old Norway spruce progeny trials in southern Sweden and from 823 trees in two lodgepole pine progeny trials, aged 34–35 years, in northern Sweden. Radial variations in MFA from pith to bark were measured for each core using SilviScan. To estimate MFA transition from juvenile wood to mature wood, a threshold level of MFA 20° was considered, and six different regression functions were fitted to the MFA profile of each tree after exclusion of outliers, following three steps. The narrow-sense heritability estimates (h2) obtained for MFA transition were highest based on the slope function, ranging from 0.21 to 0.23 for Norway spruce and from 0.34 to 0.53 for lodgepole pine, while h2 were mostly non-significant based on the logistic function, under all exclusion methods. Results of this study indicate that it is possible to select for an earlier MFA transition from juvenile wood to mature wood in Norway spruce and lodgepole pine selective breeding programs, as the genetic gains (ΔG) obtained in direct selection of this trait were very high in both species.

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Revisiting the transition between juvenile and mature wood: a comparison of fibre length, microfibril angle and relative wood density in lodgepole pine

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2009.069 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Shawn D. Mansfield ◽

Roberta Parish ◽

C. Mario Di Lucca ◽

James Goudie ◽

Kyu-Young Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wood Density ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Fibre Length ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Ring Width ◽

Mature Wood ◽

Radial Increment ◽

Breast Height ◽

Tracheid Length ◽

Fibre Traits

AbstractIn an attempt to examine the dynamic inter-relationship among wood density and fibre traits [tracheid length and microfibril angle (MFA)] in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), 60 trees were sampled in three age classes from four sites in central British Columbia. Breast height discs were taken and relative wood density was measured along two radii. Tracheid length was assessed on isolated 5-year increments from pith to bark at breast height for each tree. MFA was determined every 50 μm and the 5-mm composite intervals from pith to bark per disc at breast height were used in the analysis. Segmented regression was employed to identify the “juvenile to mature wood” transition point, which revealed transition ages of 31, 18 and 15 for wood density, fibre length and MFA, respectively. These traits were related to primary growth, expressed as area increment, ring width, percent earlywood and height increment during the juvenile wood phase. Comparisons of wood and fibre traits showed a higher congruence between the time of transitions for fibre length and MFA (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.52) than that between fibre length and wood density (0.07), and MFA and wood density (0.16). The cessation of early rapid radial increment growth terminated before wood and fibre transitions to mature wood occurred. Fibre length was significantly, but not strongly, related to ring width and percent earlywood (0.35 for both). The duration of juvenile fibre production was not significantly related to height growth.

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Influence of juvenile and mature wood on anatomical and chemical properties of early and late wood from Chinese fir plantation

Journal of Wood Science ◽

10.1186/s10086-021-02005-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Changqing Lu ◽

Jun Wu ◽

Qianqian Jiang ◽

Yamei Liu ◽

Liang Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Wood ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Decisive Role ◽

Chinese Fir ◽

Mature Wood ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Late Wood ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractThe proportion of juvenile wood affects the utilization of wood seriously, and the transition year of juvenile wood (JW) and mature wood (MW) plays a decisive role in the rotation and the modification of wood. To find out the demarcation of JW and MW, the tracheid length (TL) and microfibril angle (MFA) of early wood (EW) and late wood (LW) from four Chinese fir clones were measured by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Then the data were analyzed by the k-means clustering method. The correlation and the differences among wood properties between JW and MW were compared. Results indicated that the LW showed better properties than that of EW, but the anatomical differences between EW and LW did not influence the demarcation of JW and MW. The cluster analysis of TL and MFA showed that the transition year was in the 16th year and the transition zone of EW and LW was different among clones. The MW has longer and wider tracheid, thicker cell walls, and smaller MFA. In terms of chemistry, MW had a higher content of holocellulose, α-cellulose, less content of extract, but no significant difference in lignin content compared with JW. The stabilization of chemical components was earlier than that of the anatomic properties. Correlation analysis showed that there were strong correlations between the chemical composition and anatomical characteristics in JW and MW. In general, compared with chemical components, anatomical indicators were more suitable for JW and MW demarcation. The differences and correlations between JW and MW properties provide a theoretical basis for wood rotation and planting.

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Ortet-Ramet Relationships of Wood-Specific Gravity in Lodgepole Pine

Western Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/wjaf/5.2.40 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 40-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. D. Yanchuk ◽

M. R. Carlson ◽

J. C. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Heritability Estimate ◽

Mature Wood ◽

Broad Sense Heritability ◽

Breeding Populations ◽

High Repeatability

Abstract Two 8-year-old grafted ramets from 12 lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) ortets (wild stand parent trees) were sampled at each of three sites and were assessed for specific gravity with small diameter cores. The broad-sense heritability estimate from the analysis of variance was 0.62, but estimates derived by regressing clone means from ramets on ortet values were 0.49 and 0.54 for juvenile and mature wood, respectively. This relatively high repeatability for specific gravity suggests wild-stand ortet values may be useful for identifying low specific gravity clones in seed orchards, or potential low specific gravity families in breeding populations of lodgepole pine. West. J. Appl. For. 5(2):40-42, April 1990.

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Anatomical properties of Hibiscus macrophyllus and its mature wood development

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-bja10067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 475-485

Author(s):

Efrida Basri ◽

Ratih Damayanti ◽

Atmawi Darwis ◽

Saefudin ◽

Imam Wahyudi

Keyword(s):

Wood Density ◽

Fibre Length ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Mature Wood ◽

Tree Age ◽

Vessel Element ◽

Plantation Forest ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Wood Development ◽

Anatomical Properties

Abstract The Hibiscus macrophyllus tree is widely planted in Indonesia especially on Java Island. It has several advantages to be developed commercially as a community or plantation forest compared to the famous introduced species Falcataria moluccana and Anthocephalus spp., including faster growth, higher wood density, and better stem morphology (straighter, more rounded, and lesser branches). However, information about the basic properties of this wood grown in plantations is limited. This study aimed to investigate the anatomical properties of H. macrophyllus and their variation at three ages (8, 12 and 16 years old), as well as to predict the mature wood development by using radial variation in fiber length, microfibril angle (MFA), and wood density from pith toward the bark as the indicators. The wood samples were obtained from a community forest area at Ciamis Regency, West Java Province. Furthermore, anatomical characteristics were examined through wood slides following the IAWA List, while fibre and vessel element dimensions were measured through macerated specimens prepared by modified Franklin’s method. The MFA was determined by X-Ray Diffraction, while wood density was measured in line with British Standard 373-57. The results showed that the anatomical structures were not influenced by tree age, except for wood porosity, and fibre and vessel element dimensions. The 16-year-old tree tended to be semi-ring-porous, the younger trees were diffuse-porous, while the fiber and vessel element length, as well as the diameter, were decreased. Meanwhile, the wall thickness was increased. The fibre length, MFA, and wood density were useful indicators for wood maturity that seemed to be developed at about 11 years of age.

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Microfibril Angles in the S2 layer of tracheids in Root and Stem Wood of Chamaecyparis obtusa: Prediction of microfibril angle of mature wood in the stem from root wood

Mokuzai Gakkaishi ◽

10.2488/jwrs.51.141 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 141-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daisuke FUKUNAGA ◽

Junji MATSUMURA ◽

Kazuyuki ODA

Keyword(s):

Microfibril Angle ◽

Chamaecyparis Obtusa ◽

Mature Wood ◽

Stem Wood ◽

S2 Layer

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Genetic control of transition from juvenile to mature wood with respect to microfibril angle (MFA) in Norway spruce (Picea abies) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

10.1101/298117 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haleh Hayatgheibi ◽

Nils Forsberg ◽

Sven-Olof Lundqvist ◽

Tommy Mörling ◽

Ewa J. Mellerowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Control ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Threshold Level ◽

Logistic Function ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Slope Function

AbstractGenetic control of microfibril angle (MFA) transition from juvenile to mature was evaluated in Norway spruce and lodgepole pine. Increment cores were collected at breast height from 5,618 trees in two 21-year-old Norway spruce progeny trials in southern Sweden, and from 823 trees in two 34-35 – year-old lodgepole pine progeny trials in northern Sweden. Radial variations in MFA from pith to bark were measured for each core using SilviScan. To estimate MFA transition from juvenile to mature, a threshold level of MFA 20° was considered and six different regression functions were fitted to the MFA profile of each tree after exclusion of outliers, following three steps. The narrow-sense heritability estimates (h2) obtained for MFA transition were highest based on the slope function, ranging from 0.21 to 0.23 for Norway spruce and from 0.34 to 0.53 for lodgepole pine, while h2 were mostly non-significant based on the logistic function, under all exclusion methods. Results of this study indicate that it is possible to select for an earlier MFA transition from juvenile to mature in Norway spruce and lodgepole pine selective breeding programs, as the genetic gains (∆G) obtained in direct selection of this trait were very high in both species.

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Ultrastructural aspects of fibre development during the stone groundwood process: New insights into derived pulp properties

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2007.094 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 532-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dinesh Fernando ◽

Peter Rosenberg ◽

Erik Persson ◽

Geoffrey Daniel

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Juvenile Wood ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Mature Wood ◽

Thermomechanical Pulp ◽

Fibre Development ◽

Fibre Fraction

Abstract A study was performed on stone groundwood (SGW) pulps produced on a pilot scale. The behaviour of selected juvenile and mature Norway spruce wood samples was investigated. As revealed by standard tests, sheets formed from juvenile wood showed improved light scattering properties, improved tear and tensile strength, and higher sheet density compared to those formed from mature wood. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the differences are likely related to the manner of fibre processing and development at the ultrastructural level. Mature wood fibres showed greater fibre end breakage, a smaller long-fibre fraction, enhanced S1 fibrillation and frequently open fibres. In contrast, juvenile fibres had a 14% higher long-fibre fraction and showed typical S2 fibrillation. Fibre development of juvenile wood showed fibrillation features similar to those previously reported for thermomechanical pulp fibres. In both cases, the structural hierarchy of the wood fibre cell wall and the microfibril angle of S2 and S1 layers govern cell-wall splitting and fibrillation progression. The superior quality of the fibre furnish prepared from juvenile fibres compared to mature fibres with SGW pulping may offer an alternative process for more effective utilisation of raw materials such as top logs rich in juvenile wood.

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VARIATION OF MICROFIBRIL ANGLE OF Pinus radiata D. Don IN RELATION TO TREE SPACING IN CHILEAN PLANTATIONS

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/0100-67622015000400018 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 751-758 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jerome Alteyrac

Keyword(s):

Pinus Radiata ◽

Juvenile Wood ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Radiata Pine ◽

Mature Wood ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray

ABSTRACTFour stands of 28-year-old radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) grown in the eighth region (Biobio) of Chile were sampled to determine the effect of tree spacing on the microfibril angle. The samples were taken at two different stem levels of the tree, 2.5 m and 7.5 m, with increment strip taken in the Nothern direction. The four experimental stands were characterized by the following spacing 2x2, 2x3, 3x4 and 4x4. The microfibril angle was measured by X-ray diffraction with the SilviScan technology at the FP-Innovation-Paprican Division in Vancouver, Canada. The results showed a significant effect of tree spacing on the microfibril angle in both juvenile wood and mature wood as well as at the two stem levels considered. The minimum (9.42º) was reached in 2x2 stand at 7.5 m in mature wood, while maximum microfibril angle (24.54º) was obtained in 2x3 stand at 2.5 m in juvenile wood. Regarding the effect of tree spacing, 4x4 stand had the lowest microfibril angle,except in mature wood at 7.5 m where 4x4 had the highest microfibril angle (11°) of the four stands.

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Anatomical Features and Its Radial Variations among Different Catalpa bungei Clones

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11080824 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 824

Author(s):

Yamei Liu ◽

Liang Zhou ◽

Yingqi Zhu ◽

Shengquan Liu

Keyword(s):

Fiber Length ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Ring Width ◽

Gansu Province ◽

Mature Wood ◽

Growth Strategies ◽

Anatomical Characteristics ◽

Fiber Wall ◽

Cambial Age ◽

Catalpa Bungei

Research highlights: Annual wood anatomy (xylem) aids our understanding of mature wood formation and the growth strategies of trees. Background and Objectives: Catalpa bungei is an important native species in China that produces excellent quality wood. Herein, we clarified the effects of the genetic origin and cambial age on the anatomical characteristics of C. bungei wood. Materials and Methods: Six new 13-year-old C. bungei clones: ‘1-1’ (n trees = 3), ‘1-3’ (n trees = 3), ‘2-7’ (n trees = 3), ‘2-8’ (n trees = 3), ‘8-1’ (n trees = 4), and ‘9-1’ (n trees = 3) were removed for study from a plantation in Tianshui City, Gansu province, China. Xylem features were observed and the anatomical variables were manually measured via image analysis on (macro- micro-, and ultra-) features cut from radial increments of earlywood and latewood sampled at breast height. Results: Between the age of 1 and 2 years, wood was diffuse-porous; between the age of 3 and 9 years, wood was semi-ring-porous; and between the age of 10 and 13 years, wood was ring-porous. The effect of clones on anatomical characteristics was significant except for the microfibril angle in latewood and ring width. The transition between juvenile and mature wood was between 7 and 8 years based on patterns of radial variation in fiber length (earlywood) and microfibril angle. From the pith to the bark, fiber length, double wall thickness, fiber wall: lumen ratio, vessel diameter in earlywood, proportion of vessel in earlywood, and axial parenchyma in latewood increased significantly, whereas ring width, earlywood vessels, and the proportion of fiber decreased significantly. In addition, other features, such as vessel length, microfibril angle, and ray proportion, did not differ significantly from the pith to the bark. Conclusions: Breeding program must consider both clone and cambial age to improve the economic profitability of wood production.

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