Effects of combination treatment with cilnidipine and telmisartan on hypertension, cardiovascular injury, and high blood glucose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Hwan Jo ◽  
Do-Hyung Lee ◽  
Joo-Hui Han ◽  
Miji Lee ◽  
Keun-Woo Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
High Blood Glucose

scholarly journals Blood glucose dynamics during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and normal glucose tolerance: effects of CPAP therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimimasa Saito ◽  
Yosuke Okada ◽  
Keiichi Torimoto ◽  
Yoko Takamatsu ◽  
Yoshiya Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Glucose Dynamics

Abstract Purpose Glycemic variability (GV) and hypoglycemia during nighttime are presumed to be associated with fatal bradycardia. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate blood glucose dynamics during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and normal glucose tolerance. Methods Patients with OSA and no diabetes who underwent type 1 overnight polysomnography from December 2018 to May 2020 participated in this study. GV was evaluated in all participants for 14 days using a flash glucose monitoring device. Correlations were examined between GV indexes and indexes related to sleep breathing disorders, the effects of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on these GV indexes, and the characteristics of glucose dynamics in different OSA subtypes classified by sleep stage. Results Among 42 patients with OSA and no diabetes, the standard deviation of GV during sleep correlated significantly with sleep time spent with oxygen saturation <90% (r=0.591, p=0.008). High blood glucose index during sleep correlated significantly with stage N1% (r=0.491, p=0.032) and negatively with stage N2% (r=−0.479, p=0.038). High blood glucose index correlated significantly with sleep time spent with oxygen saturation <90% (r=0.640, p=0.003). The rapid eye movement–related OSA group had a higher incidence of hypoglycemia. One-week with CPAP treatment significantly improved GV during sleep, standard deviation of GV (from 12.1 to 9.0 mg/dL, p<0.001), and high blood glucose index (from 0.7 to 0.4, p=0.006). Conclusions To evaluate GV during sleep in patients with OSA may be useful for clinical risk management. CPAP treatment for 1 week may have an improving GV and high blood glucose index. Clinical trial registration UMIN000038489 2019/11/04, UMIN 000025433 2016/12/27

High Blood Glucose Levels Affect Auditory Brainstem Responses after Acoustic Overexposure in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jae-Hun Lee ◽  
Sang Hee Ji ◽  
Jae Yun Jung ◽  
Min Young Lee ◽  
Chi-Kyou Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Hearing Function ◽  
Brainstem Response

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and several pathological changes. DM-related hearing dysfunctions are associated with histological changes. Here, we explore hearing function and synaptic changes in the inner hair cells (IHCs) of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Methods: STZ was injected to trigger diabetes. Rats with DM were exposed to narrow-band noise (105 dB SPL) for 2 h, and hearing function was analyzed 1, 3, 7, and 14 days later. Both the hearing threshold and the peak 1 amplitude of the tone auditory brainstem response were assessed. After the last functional test, animals were sacrificed for histological evaluation. Results: We found no changes in the baseline hearing threshold; however, the peak 1 amplitude at the low frequency (4 kHz) was significantly higher in both DM groups than in the control groups. The hearing threshold had not fully recovered at 14 days after diabetic rats were exposed to noise. The peak 1 amplitude at the higher frequencies (16 and 32 kHz) was significantly larger in both DM groups than in the control groups. The histological analysis revealed that the long-term DM group had significantly more synapses in the 16 kHz region than the other groups. Conclusions: We found that high blood glucose levels increased peak 1 amplitudes without changing the hearing threshold. Diabetic rats were less resilient in threshold changes and were less vulnerable to peak 1 amplitude and synaptic damage than control animals.

Literature Riview : Pengaruh Terapi Relaksasi Otot Progresif Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 921-927
Author(s):  
Oki Yanuarti ◽  
Nuniek Nizmah Fajriyah ◽  
Firman Faradisi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Relaxation Therapy ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

AbstractDiabetes melitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels in the body, caused by abnormalitized in insulin secretion. One of the non-pharmacological method to reduce blood sugar level is progressive muscle relaxation therapy. This study aims to identify the effect of progressive muscle relaxation techniques in lowering blood sugar. A literature review of studies of progressive muscle relaxation therapy in reducing blood sugar publishedin 2011-2020 was conducted. The average number of respondents was 26 male and female responden with and average age of 55-60. The results showed that progressive muscle relaxation therapy was able to control blood glucose among diabetic. This study concludes that progressive muscle relaxation therapy effectively reduce blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes melitus. The findings suggest that progressive muscle relaxation therapy can be used as non-pharmacological therapy to lower blood sugar levels.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Progressive muscle relaxation AbstrakDiabetes melitus merupakan suatu penyakit degeneratif yang bermasalah pada sistem metabolik ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar gula darah dalam tubuh dan disebabkan karena kelainan sekresi insulin. Pada pasien diabetes melitus akan mengalami peningkatan kadar gula darah dalam tubuh, salah satu cara non farmakologis yang dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus yaitu dengan terapi relaksasi otot progresif. Tujuan dari Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran dari pengaruh teknik relaksasi otot progresif terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus. Metode yang dilakukan dengan mencari tiga jurnal penelitian tentang pengaruh terapi relaksasi otot progresif terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus terbit pada tahun 2011-2020. Hasil analisa karakteristik responden dari ketiga jurnal menunjukan jumlah responden rata-rata 26 responden laki-laki dan perempuan dengan usia rata-rata 55-60 tahun. Hasil yang didapatkan setelah dilakukan terapi relaksasi otot progresif kadar gula darah pasien menjadi terkontrol. Simpulan dari karya tulis ilmiah ini yaitu terapi relaksasi otot progresif efektif terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus. Saran bagi perawat atau penderita diabetes melitus terapi relaksasi otot progresif dapat digunakan sebagai terapi non farmakologis untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus. Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus; Relaksasi Otot Progresif

scholarly journals Diabetes in COVID-19 patients: challenges and possible management strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyan Al Islam Reshad ◽  
Sumaiya Hafiz Riana ◽  
Mohammad Al-baruni Chowdhury ◽  
Abu Tayab Moin ◽  
Faruque Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Main Body ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
High Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Global Population

Abstract Background The recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been causing intense stress among the global population. In the case of hospitalized and ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients with comorbidities, it has been observed that a major portion of them are diabetic. Therefore, researchers had indicated a link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and COVID-19. Furthermore, DM is a potential risk factor for the severity of COVID-19 cases. Thus, in this study, the correlation existing between diabetic patients and COVID-19 was summarized. Main body of the abstract Diabetic patients have a weaker immune system, less viral clearance rate, malfunctions of metabolic activity due to their high blood glucose level, and other associated problems. This does not increase the susceptibility for the patients to be infected with COVID-19. However, the severity of COVID-19 can worsen due to the comorbidity of DM. Short conclusion Proper management, appropriate use of drugs that do not increase the ACE2 expression, lowering blood glucose level, decreasing the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle could be effective.

scholarly journals Diabetes Prediction Using Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
pp. 294-305
Author(s):  
KM Jyoti Rani
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Data Science ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Prediction ◽  
The One ◽  
Prediction Of Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic disease with the potential to cause a worldwide health care crisis. According to International Diabetes Federation 382 million people are living with diabetes across the whole world. By 2035, this will be doubled as 592 million. Diabetes is a disease caused due to the increase level of blood glucose. This high blood glucose produces the symptoms of frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. Diabetes is a one of the leading cause of blindness, kidney failure, amputations, heart failure and stroke. When we eat, our body turns food into sugars, or glucose. At that point, our pancreas is supposed to release insulin. Insulin serves as a key to open our cells, to allow the glucose to enter and allow us to use the glucose for energy. But with diabetes, this system does not work. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are the most common forms of the disease, but there are also other kinds, such as gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy, as well as other forms. Machine learning is an emerging scientific field in data science dealing with the ways in which machines learn from experience. The aim of this project is to develop a system which can perform early prediction of diabetes for a patient with a higher accuracy by combining the results of different machine learning techniques. The algorithms like K nearest neighbour, Logistic Regression, Random forest, Support vector machine and Decision tree are used. The accuracy of the model using each of the algorithms is calculated. Then the one with a good accuracy is taken as the model for predicting the diabetes.

Influence of glucose levels on clinical outcome after mechanical thrombectomy for large-vessel occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2021-017771
Author(s):  
Carlos Perez-Vega ◽  
Ricardo A Domingo ◽  
Shashwat Tripathi ◽  
Andres Ramos-Fresnedo ◽  
Samir Kashyap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Large Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) represents the mainstay of treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion (LVO). Intravenous thrombolysis has been associated with worse clinical outcome in patients presenting with high blood glucose levels at admission; to date the true effect of hyperglycemia in the setting of MT has not been fully elucidated. In this meta-analysis, we analyzed the influence of high blood glucose levels at admission on clinical outcome after MT. Ovid EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from their dates of inception up to March 2021. An initial search identified 2118 articles representing 1235 unique studies. After applying selection criteria, three prospective and five retrospective studies were analyzed, yielding a pooled cohort of 5861 patients (2041 who presented with hyperglycemia, and 3820 who presented with normal blood glucose levels). Patients in the hyperglycemia group were less likely to have a modified Ranking Scale (mRS) score <3 (risk ratio (RR): 0.65; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.72; p<0.0001; I2=13%), and had an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (RR: 2.07; 95% CI 1.65 to 2.60; p<0.0001; I2=0%) and mortality (RR: 1.73; 95% CI 1.57 to 1.91; p<0.0001; I2=0%). Patients who present with hyperglycemia and undergo MT for treatment of LVO have an increased risk of unfavorable clinical outcome, sICH, and mortality. Glucose levels at admission appear to be a prognostic factor in this subset of patients. Further studies should focus on evaluating control of the glucose level at admission as a modifiable risk factor in patients undergoing MT for LVO.

Sitagliptin: A DPP-4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CMT.S6227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn MS Johnson ◽  
Kathleen Schurr
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Therapy ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become an epidemic, with worldwide projections indicating that more than 336 million people will be afflicted with the disease by 2030. T2DM is characterized by inappropriately high blood glucose levels due to a deficiency in insulin secretion, action, or both. Despite the horrific complications that occur with chronic elevations of blood glucose levels, less than half of those with T2DM do not maintain proper glycemic control. Sitagliptin (Januvia, Merck and Co., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey) is a novel diabetes therapy approved for use in the U.S. and Europe. This small molecule inhibits the activity of DPP-4, a peptidase that degrades the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1. Sitagliptin increases glucoregulation in individuals with T2DM both as a monotherapy and in combination with other antihyperglycemic drugs, with a low risk of adverse side effects.

scholarly journals Prediction of the risk of developing diabetes mellitus among Bangladeshi adults by using risk assessment score

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Nazma Akter
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diabetes Risk Score

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as one of the major health problems worldwide. The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bangladesh is primarily attributed to rapid urbanization and associated changes in lifestyle, such as sedentary lifestyle, higher calorie food intake and stressful life. Studies support the utilization of riskassessment scoring systems in quantifying individual’s risk for developing T2DM. Thus, a simple risk-assessment scoring system for early screening of T2DM among Bangladeshi adults will be beneficial to identify the high-risk adults and thus taking adequate preventive measures in combating DM.The purpose of the study was to calculate the risk assessment score of developing T2DM within 10 years among Bangladeshi adults. Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was carried out in the outpatient department (OPD) of Medicine, MARKS Medical College & Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2018 to July 2018 among randomly sampled 205 adult subjects. Subjects undiagnosed with diabetes mellitus and had previous history of high blood glucose during pregnancy or other health examination (i.e. impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or gestational diabetes mellitus) were included. From a review of literature regarding risk factors of developing DM in Bangladesh, the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) system was found to be more useful for the Bangladeshi adults. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaire was used to collect the data including demographic characteristics and different risk factors and to calculate total risk score for predicting the risk of developing T2DM within 10 years. Results: Among 205 subjects, male and female were 57.1% and 42.9% respectively. The Mean (±SD) age of the study subjects was 37.64±1.07 years. In this study, both non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors showed statistically significant association with the FINDRISC among Bangladeshi adults (p<0.05). There was a significant association among FINDRISC with history of previous high blood glucose, and treated hypertensive Bangladeshi adults.33.65% of the Bangladeshi adults had slightly elevated diabetes risk score (DRS). This study predicts that 17.55% of the Bangladeshi adults may have moderate to high risk to develop T2DM within the consecutive 10 years. Conclusion: This study provides a simple, feasible, non-invasive and convenient screening FINDRISC tool that identifies individuals at risk of having T2DM. People with high risk of DM should be referred for early intervention and changes to a healthy lifestyle and primary prevention to prevent or delay the onset of T2DM. Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 40-47

Galectin-3 mediates high-glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury by the NADPH oxidase/reactive oxygen species pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 826-833
Author(s):  
Jingang Sun ◽  
Lijuan Zhang ◽  
Jianhai Fang ◽  
Shuguo Yang ◽  
Lianghua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Galectin 3

Galectin-3 is a member of the β-galactoside-binding lectin family taking part in the regulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. This study was designed to study the improved effect of galectin-3 inhibition on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into the control, DCM, and DCM + modified citrus pectin (MCP) (a galectin–3 pharmacological inhibitor) groups. After 8 weeks, streptozotocin-induced DCM led to high blood glucose level, oxidative stress, cardiac injury, and dysfunction accompanied by suppressed body mass. On the contrary, MCP (100 mg·kg−1·day−1) administration improved body mass and blood glucose level and attenuated cardiac injury and dysfunction in DCM rats. Additionally, MCP attenuated pathological changes in plasma and myocardial tissue markers of oxidative stress, such as hydrogen peroxide and malonyldialdehyde, although it did not change superoxide dismutase activities, which were decreased in the DCM group. The levels of oxidative stress associated proteins evaluated by Western blot, such as p67phox and NADPH oxidase 4, were obviously increased in the DCM group, while they were reversed by MCP treatment. Therefore, galectin-3-mediated high-glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury and galectin-3 inhibition attenuated DCM by suppressing NADPH oxidase. These findings suggested that galectin-3 could be a potential target for treatment of patients with DCM.

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